scholarly journals Acute and Cumulative Effects of Repeated Exposure to Chlorpyrifos on the Liver and Kidney Function among Egyptian Adolescents

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Ismail ◽  
Olfat Hendy ◽  
Gaafar Abdel Rasoul ◽  
James R. Olson ◽  
Matthew R. Bonner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Function ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Occupational And Environmental Exposure ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Altered Serum

Background: There is a paucity of research that tracks changes in liver and kidney function among pesticide applicators. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of repeated seasonal exposure to the organophosphorus pesticide, chlorpyrifos, on serum measures of liver and kidney function. Methods: Pesticide exposure was assessed by measuring the urinary concentrations of 3,5,6-trichloro-2 pyridinol (TCPy), a specific biomarker for chlorpyrifos. Chlorpyrifos exposure and 8 serum markers of liver and kidney function were measured at 15 timepoints over 3 years prior to, during, and following the end of seasonal pesticide application among adolescent applicators and non-applicators from 4 field stations in Menoufia, Egypt. Results: Urinary TCPy levels showed increases during the application cycles and recovery at the end of each application season. Altered serum markers of liver and kidney function were associated with chlorpyrifos exposure, with some markers recovering 3 months after the end of exposure each year, while other measures demonstrated progressive increase up to 300% the baseline levels at the end of 3 years. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that frequent assessment of liver and kidney function is a sound practice to evaluate cellular injury following chronic repeated occupational and environmental exposure to chlorpyrifos.

Health and social problems associated with HIV infection and AIDS in the professional activity of specialists with secondary medical education

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
L. Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

The article considers urgent problem of modern society – progressive increase in the number of people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Epidemiological characteristics of the pathogen are given, clinical signs of the disease and a modern strategy aimed at reducing the number of infected people are presented. The role of specialists with secondary medical education in the implementation of the Strategy aimed at combating the spread of HIV infection epidemic in the Russian Federation is emphasized.

scholarly journals The Insulin Receptor Mediates Insulin’s Early Plasma Clearance by Liver, Muscle, and Kidney

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Rick I. Meijer ◽  
Eugene J. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Insulin Clearance ◽  
Initial Plasma ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Initial Clearance

The role of the insulin receptor in mediating tissue-specific insulin clearance in vivo has not been reported. Using physiologic insulin doses, we measured the initial clearance rate (first 5 min) of intravenously injected ([125I]TyrA14)-insulin by muscle, liver, and kidney in healthy rats in the presence and absence of the insulin receptor blocker S961. We also tested whether 4 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) affected the initial rate of insulin clearance. Pre-treatment with S961 for 60 min prior to administering labeled insulin raised plasma ([125I]TyrA14)insulin concentration approximately 5-fold (p < 0.001), demonstrating receptor dependency for plasma insulin clearance. Uptake by muscle (p < 0.01), liver (p < 0.05), and kidney (p < 0.001) were each inhibited by receptor blockade, undoubtedly contributing to the reduced plasma clearance. The initial plasma insulin clearance was not significantly affected by HFD, nor was muscle-specific clearance. However, HFD modestly decreased liver clearance (p = 0.056) while increasing renal clearance by >50% (p < 0.01), suggesting a significant role for renal insulin clearance in limiting the hyperinsulinemia that accompanies HFD. We conclude that the insulin receptor is a major mediator of initial insulin clearance from plasma and for its clearance by liver, kidney, and muscle. HFD feeding increases renal insulin clearance to limit systemic hyperinsulinemia.

scholarly journals The Phosphoarginine Phosphatase PtpB from Staphylococcus aureus Is Involved in Bacterial Stress Adaptation during Infection

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 645
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ibrahem Elhawy ◽  
Sylvaine Huc-Brandt ◽  
Linda Pätzold ◽  
Laila Gannoun-Zaki ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Mostafa Abdrabou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Stress Adaptation ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Staphylococcus aureus continues to be a public health threat, especially in hospital settings. Studies aimed at deciphering the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie pathogenesis, host adaptation, and virulence are required to develop effective treatment strategies. Numerous host-pathogen interactions were found to be dependent on phosphatases-mediated regulation. This study focused on the analysis of the role of the low-molecular weight phosphatase PtpB, in particular, during infection. Deletion of ptpB in S. aureus strain SA564 significantly reduced the capacity of the mutant to withstand intracellular killing by THP-1 macrophages. When injected into normoglycemic C57BL/6 mice, the SA564 ΔptpB mutant displayed markedly reduced bacterial loads in liver and kidney tissues in a murine S. aureus abscess model when compared to the wild type. We also observed that PtpB phosphatase-activity was sensitive to oxidative stress. Our quantitative transcript analyses revealed that PtpB affects the transcription of various genes involved in oxidative stress adaptation and infectivity. Thus, this study disclosed first insights into the physiological role of PtpB during host interaction allowing us to link phosphatase-dependent regulation to oxidative bacterial stress adaptation during infection.

Role of the Thyroid in the Synthesis of Heart, Liver and Kidney Mitochondrial Phospholipids1

Endocrinology ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
DENNIS R. NELSON ◽  
W. E. CORNATZER
Keyword(s):  
Liver And Kidney

scholarly journals Netrin-1 in Atherosclerosis: Relationship between Human Macrophage Intracellular Levels and In Vivo Plaque Morphology

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Susanna Fiorelli ◽  
Nicola Cosentino ◽  
Benedetta Porro ◽  
Franco Fabbiocchi ◽  
Giampaolo Niccoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Human Macrophage ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Atherosclerotic Process ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Control ◽  
Macrophage Accumulation

Netrin-1 is a laminin-like protein that plays a pivotal role in cell migration and, according to the site of its release, exerts both pro and anti-atherosclerotic functions. Macrophages, key cells in atherosclerosis, are heterogeneous in morphology and function and different subpopulations may support plaque progression, stabilization, and/or regression. Netrin-1 was evaluated in plasma and, together with its receptor UNC5b, in both spindle and round monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) morphotypes from coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and control subjects. In CAD patients, plaque features were detected in vivo by optical coherence tomography. CAD patients had lower plasma Netrin-1 levels and a higher MDMs expression of both protein and its receptor compared to controls. Specifically, a progressive increase in Netrin-1 and UNC5b was evidenced going from controls to stable angina (SA) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Of note, spindle MDMs of AMI showed a marked increase of both Netrin-1 and its receptor compared to spindle MDMs of controls. UNC5b expression is always higher in spindle compared to round MDMs, regardless of the subgroup. Finally, CAD patients with higher intracellular Netrin-1 levels showed greater intraplaque macrophage accumulation in vivo. Our findings support the role of Netrin-1 and UNC5b in the atherosclerotic process.

ROLE OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS, PROSTAGLANDINS AND GLUCOSE ON PRECURSOR INCORPORATION INTO THE RNA OF THYROID SLICES

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 776-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo J. Juvenal ◽  
Diana L. Kleiman de Pisarev ◽  
Liliana Crenovich ◽  
Mario A. Pisarev
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Stimulatory Action ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Uridine Incorporation ◽  
Tsh Stimulation ◽  
Prostaglandins E

ABSTRACT The present studies were performed in order to investigate the role of neurotransmitters, prostaglandins and glucose on [3H]uridine incorporation into total RNA in beef thyroid slices. Carbamylcholine strongly stimulated RNA labelling from [3H]uridine; atropine abolished this effect. NaF, at 1 and 5 mm, progressively increased this parameter while norepinephrine caused a similar effect at 10−3 but not at 10−6 M. Phentolamine (1 mm) blocked the stimulatory action of TSH; propranolol and atropine did not. Glucose at concentrations between 4 and 24 mm caused a progressive increase in RNA labelling from [3H]uridine. This effect was not inhibited by dinitrophenol. Prostaglandins (E1, A1, F1α and F2α) assayed in concentrations between 5 and 25 μg/ml, with or without caffeine, had no effect on RNA labelling. Moreover, neither aspirin nor indomethacin inhibited TSH stimulation. Under similar experimental conditions, PGE1 did simulate PB125I formation.

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