scholarly journals An In Vitro Evaluation of the Capacity of Local Tanzanian Crude Clay and Ash-Based Materials in Binding Aflatoxins in Solution

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ayo ◽  
Athanasia Matemu ◽  
Germana Laswai ◽  
Martin Kimanya
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
In Vitro Technique ◽  
Great Health

Aflatoxins in feeds cause great health hazards to animals, and thus eventually to humans as well. The potential of clays from Arusha (AC), Kilimanjaro (KC), the Coast (CC), and Morogoro (MC), as well as volcanic ash (VA) and rice husk ash (RA), were evaluated for their capacity to adsorb aflatoxins B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1), and G2 (AFG2) relative to a commercial binder Mycobind® (R) using in vitro technique. On average, CC, VA, KC, MC, AC, RA, and R adsorbed 39.9%, 51.3%, 61.5%, 62.0%, 72.6%, 84.7%, and 98.1% of the total aflatoxins from solution, respectively. The capacity of AC and RA was statistically (p < 0.05) better in binding aflatoxins next to R. The adsorption capacity seemed to follow the trend of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of these materials. The CEC (meq/100 g) of CC, MC, KC, VA, AC, RA, and R were 7.0, 15.4, 18.8, 25.4, 27.2, 27.2, and 38.9, respectively. On average 96.3%, 42.7%, 80.8%, and 32.1% of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2 were adsorbed, respectively. The binding capacity of the clays and ashes relative to Mycobind® was about 100% for AC and RA, 50% for KC, MC, and VA, and 33.3% for CC. The AC and RA seem to be promising resources in binding aflatoxins in solution.

scholarly journals An In-Vitro Evaluation of the Capacity of Local Tanzanian Crude Clay and Ash Based Materials in Binding Aflatoxins in Solution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ayo ◽  
Athanasia Matemu ◽  
Germana Laswai ◽  
Martin Kimanya
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation ◽  
In Vitro Technique ◽  
Great Health

Aflatoxins in feeds cause great health hazards to animals and in advance, to human. Potential of crude clays designated AC, KC, CC and MC and ashes VA and RA were evaluated for their capacity to adsorb aflatoxins B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1) and G2 (AFG2) relative to a commercial binder MycobinderR (Evonik Industries AG) using in-vitro technique. On average, CC, VA, KC, MC, AC, RA and MycobindR adsorbed 39.9%, 51.3%, 61.5%, 62.0%, 72.6%, 84.7% and 98.1% of the total aflatoxins in buffered solution, respectively. The capacity of AC and RA was statistically (p&lt;0.05) better in binding aflatoxins next to MycobindR. Capacity of the TBM and MycobindR to bind aflatoxins, seemed to follow the trend of their cation exchange capacity (CEC). The CEC (meq/100g) of CC, MC, KC, VA, AC, RA and MycobindR were 7.0, 15.4, 18.8, 25.4, 27.2, 27.2 and 38.9, respectively. On average 96.3%, 42.7%, 80.8% and 32.1% of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 were adsorbed, respectively. &nbsp;Binding capacity of the clays and ashes relative to MycobindR was about 100% for AC and RA, 50% for KC, MC and VA and 33.3% for CC.&nbsp; The AC and RA seem to be promising resources in binding aflatoxins in solution.

Application of Nanoparticle of Merapi Volcanic Ash and Phosphate-Solubilizing Fungi in Improving Inceptisols Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 1044 ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Rina Devnita ◽  
Apong Sandrawati ◽  
Mahfud Arifin ◽  
Pujawati Suryatmana ◽  
Muhammad Amir Solihin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Microbiology ◽  
Available P ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Soil Physics ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

Nanoparticles of Merapi volcanic ash and phosphate-solubilizing fungi were expected to function as ameliorants in improving some Inceptisols characteristics. Nanoparticles of volcanic ash were used in accelerating and streamlining the chemical reaction in the soil. Phosphate-solubilizing fungi were expected to assist the process of several soil reactions. The aim of the research was to improve some chemical characteristics like available P, cation exchange capacity, Fe, and Zn content of Inceptisols in Cilembu Village, Sumedang District, West Java Province, Indonesia. The research used a complete randomized experimental design in factorial with two factors. The first factor was the nanoparticle of Merapi volcanic ash consisted of four doses on soil weight percentage (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%). The second factor was phosphate-solubilizing fungi consisted of two doses (without and 10 g.kg-1). The volcanic ash was collected from Mt. Merapi, Central Java, after the eruption of November 2010 and kept in the Laboratory of Soil Physics and Conservation in Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The nanoparticle of volcanic ash was processed at Nanotechnology and Graphene Research Centre, Universitas Padjadjaran. The phosphate-solubilizing fungi were isolated from Inceptisols in Soil Microbiology Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran. These treatments were combined and mixed with soils and incubated for three months. Every one month during those three months of the incubation period, some soils were taken to be analyzed of available P, cation exchange capacity (CEC), available Fe, and available Zn. The result showed that there was no interaction between the nanoparticle of Merapi volcanic ash and phosphate-solubilizing fungi to parameters investigated except the CEC after two months of incubation. There was an effect of nanoparticle volcanic ash and phosphate-solubilizing fungi individually to available Fe dan Zn. There was a trend of increasing available P, and CEC and decreasing available Fe and Zn by the longer period of incubation.

scholarly journals Adsorption Potentials of Alfisol on Glyphosate and Cadmium Contaminants

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
F. B. Okanlawon ◽  
O. O. Awotoye ◽  
P. O. Ogunbamowo
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
University Of Ibadan ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

Aims: This study aimed at demonstrating the adsorption capacity as well as the removal of glyphosate and cadmium unto Alfisols. Place and Duration of Study: Research was carried out in Analytical Laboratory of Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The soil sample was collected from an undisturbed forest land, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Methodology: The soil sample was air dried for 72 hours under ambient temperature and allowed to pass through 2 mm sieve before use. All solutions and soil dispersions were prepared using de-ionised water. The pH, organic carbon, particle size, exchangeable cations, cation exchange capacity, available phosphorus and soil total nitrogen were all analysed for in the soil sample following the standard procedures likewise the cadmium and glyphosate adsorption/adsorbent studied. Results: The pH of the soil is slightly acidic with high total organic carbon, while the cation exchange capacity is on the lower side. The textural class of the soil greatly influences its water retention capacity, thus the soil under study is predominantly sandy. A decrease in the equilibrium adsorption capacity was observed when the adsorbent dose was increased from 0.2 – 0.8 g however, with a sharp increase at a dose of 1 g. An increase in the percentage cadmium removal was observed with increase in pH from 48.80% to a maximum of 91.10% at neutral pH. The result also indicates that increasing the initial concentration of the cadmium ions and glyphosate lead to an increase in the uptake capacity of the soil for both adsorbate. At higher ionic strength of 0.1 M, the peak removal was obtained at initial concentration of 10 ppm which eventually attains equilibrium at other concentration level. Conclusion: Alfisol can therefore concluded to be an adsorbent provided some conditions like a low cadmium concentration, a neutral pH and a higher adsorbent dosage are adhere too. While glyphosate removal, a pH of 5 and higher ionic strength of KNO3. is required.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Zeolite from Bagasse and Rice Husk Ashes as Surfactant Builder on Detergency Process: Variation of NaOH Concentration for Silica Isolation

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-143
Author(s):  
Arnelli Arnelli ◽  
Bara Yunianto Fathoni ◽  
Teguh Iman Prastyo ◽  
Ahmad Suseno ◽  
Yayuk Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Sodium Aluminate ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mineral Type

Zeolite was successfully synthesised from ash bagasse and from rice husk ash as source of silica and applied to surfactant builder. The removal of silica from bagasse ash and from rice husk ash was influenced by NaOH concentration to obtain sodium silicate. This research aimed to synthesize zeolite, determine the optimum concentration of NaOH to synthetic zeolite, identify the zeolite mineral type, morphology, determine cation exchange rate and detergency by using synthesized zeolite as builder. Synthesis of zeolite was undertaken by sol-gel method followed by hydrothermal process. The stages of this study included the production of bagasse and rice husk ashes, isolation of silicate using a variation of NaOH concentration of 1.67, 3.33, 5.00, 6.67 and 8.30 M in the form of sodium silicate. Synthesis of zeolite was carried out by reacting sodium silicate and sodium aluminate using hydrothermal method. The synthesized zeolites were characterized using XRD and SEM. The results of this research indicated the types of zeolite minerals formed, namely, zeolite A, Na-A, Na-Y and sodalite. The morphology of the synthesized zeolites from both samples was quite homogeneous, NaOH concentration used to produce zeolite from bagasse ash was 1.67 M with value of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and detergency were respectively 121.14 mek/100 gram and 92.09% while synthesis zeolite from rice husk ash was generated using 8.3 M NaOH concentration with value of cation exchange capacity (CEC) and detergency were 65,71 mek / 100 gram and 94,313%, respectively.

scholarly journals Respons Aplikasi Partikel Nano Abu Vulkanik dan Batuan Fosfat terhadap Beberapa Sifat Kimia Tanah Inceptisols Cilembu, Jawa Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Pradhinto Dwi Nugroho ◽  
Mahfud Arifin ◽  
Rina Devnita
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Available P ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Phosphate Rocks

<p class="teksabst"><strong>Abstrak.</strong><em> </em>Kandungan dan ketersediaan unsur P,  yang merupakan unsur esensial,  rendah pada Inceptisols Cilembu. Unsur P dalam bentuk partikel nano diharapkan dapat mudah diserap oleh tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh amelioran partikel nano (abu vulkanik dan batuan fosfat) terhadap P-tersedia dan kemasaman tanah (pH-H<sub>2</sub>O), serta kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) tanah Inceptisols Cilembu, Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Juni 2019 di Laboratorium Fisika Tanah Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumber Daya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial. Penelitian dilakukan dengan inkubasi partikel nano abu vulkanik dan batuan fosfat dengan dosis masing-masing 0% (0 g), 2% (20 g per kg tanah), 4% (40 g per kg tanah) dan 6% (60 g per kg tanah). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terjadi interaksi antara partikel nano abu vulkanik dan batuan fosfat terhadap P-tersedia dan kemasaman tanah (pH-H<sub>2</sub>O) dan kapasitas tukar kation (KTK). Partikel nano abu vulkanik dan batuan fosfat terlihat nyata berpengaruh terhadap P tersedia setelah inkubasi bulan pertama dan bulan kedua. Penggunaan partikel nano abu vulkanik berpengaruh nyata terhadap meningkatnya pH setelah inkubasi bulan pertama. Interaksi partikel nano abu vulkanik dan partikel nano batuan fosfat tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai KTK.<strong></strong></p><strong>Abstract. </strong>The content and availability of P, which is an essential element in Cilembu Inceptisols. is low. P element in the form of nano particles is expected to increase P availability. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Ameliorant nanoparticles (volcanic ash and phosphate rock) on P availability and soil acidity (pH-H<sub>2</sub>O) as well as cation exchange capacity (CEC) in Inceptisols Cilembu, Sumedang, West Java. This research conducted in January to June 2019 in the Soil Physics Laboratory of the Department of Land Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University. The research used Factorial Completely Randomized Design. The study carried out by incubation of volcanic ash nano particles and phosphate rocks with doses of 0% (0 g), 2% (20 g per kilograms of soil), 4% (40 g per kilograms of soil) and 6% (60 g per kilograms of soil). The results showed no interaction between volcanic ash nano particles and phosphate rocks on available P, soil acidity (pH-H<sub>2</sub>O) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The effect of nano particles of volcanic ash and phosphate rock was significantly affected by available P after incubation of the first and second months. The use of nano volcanic ash particles has a significant effect on increasing pH after the incubation of the first month. Interaction effect of volcanic ash nano particles and phosphate rock nano particles was not significant on CEC value.

scholarly journals PREPARATION OF SOME VIETNAMESE MONTMORILLONITES

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Mai Thi Hoang Vo ◽  
Thach Ngoc Le
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Solid Catalyst

Montmorillonite is a "green" solid catalyst and support used in many organic reations. In this paper, we describe the method to prepare two acid-activated montmorillonites from Binh Thuan and Lam Dong clays. We still prepared some cation exchanged montmorillonites as Fe3+ Zn 2+ and Al 3+. The Vietnamese montmorillonites and K-10, KSF (two commercial Fluka montmorillonites) were determinated simultanneously on some physicochemical properties such as crystalline structure, chemical composition, cation exchange capacity, adsorption capacity, porisity, surface area and acidity. The results shows that the quality of Vietnamese montmorillonites are equivalent with K-10 and KSF.

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