scholarly journals In-Vitro Application of a Qatari Burkholderia cepacia strain (QBC03) in the Biocontrol of Mycotoxigenic Fungi and in the Reduction of Ochratoxin A biosynthesis by Aspergillus carbonarius

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randa Zeidan ◽  
Zahoor Ul-Hassan ◽  
Roda Al-Thani ◽  
Quirico Migheli ◽  
Samir Jaoua
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Aspergillus Carbonarius ◽  
Penicillium Verrucosum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mycotoxigenic Fungi

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by certain filamentous fungi, causing human and animal health issues upon the ingestion of contaminated food and feed. Among the safest approaches to the control of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxin detoxification is the application of microbial biocontrol agents. Burkholderia cepacia is known for producing metabolites active against a broad number of pathogenic fungi. In this study, the antifungal potential of a Qatari strain of Burkholderia cepacia (QBC03) was explored. QBC03 exhibited antifungal activity against a wide range of mycotoxigenic, as well as phytopathogenic, fungal genera and species. The QBC03 culture supernatant significantly inhibited the growth of Aspergillus carbonarius, Fusarium culmorum and Penicillium verrucosum in PDA medium, as well as A. carbonarius and P. verrucosum biomass in PDB medium. The QBC03 culture supernatant was found to dramatically reduce the synthesis of ochratoxin A (OTA) by A. carbonarius, in addition to inducing mycelia malformation. The antifungal activity of QBC03’s culture extract was retained following thermal treatment at 100 °C for 30 min. The findings of the present study advocate that QBC03 is a suitable biocontrol agent against toxigenic fungi, due to the inhibitory activity of its thermostable metabolites.

Current Importance of Ochratoxin A–Producing Aspergillus spp.

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. ABARCA ◽  
F. ACCENSI ◽  
M. R. BRAGULAT ◽  
F. J. CABAÑES
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Aspergillus Carbonarius ◽  
Penicillium Verrucosum ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Food Commodities

Ochratoxin A (OA) is receiving attention worldwide because of the hazard it poses to human and animal health. OA contamination of commodities, such as cereals or pork and poultry meat, is well recognized. Nevertheless, there is an increasing number of articles reporting OA contamination in other food commodities, such as coffee, beer, wine, grape juice, and milk, in the last few years. This continuous and increasing exposure to OA that humans experience is reflected in the high incidence of OA in both human blood and milk in several countries. OA was believed to be produced only by Aspergillus ochraceus and closely related species of section Circumdati and by Penicillium verrucosum; however, in the genus Aspergillus, the production of OA has been recently reported by species outside the section Circumdati. Thus, it has been clearly established as a metabolite of different species of the section Nigri, such as Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus carbonarius. OA production ability by Aspergillus spp. is more widespread than previously thought; therefore, there is the possibility that unexpected species can be new sources of this mycotoxin in their natural substrates.

scholarly journals Inhibitory activity of stilbenes against filamentous fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luce Mattio ◽  
Giorgia Catinella ◽  
Marcello Iriti ◽  
Lisa Vallone
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mycotoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Diffusion Assay ◽  
Inflammatory Action

Stilbenoids (resveratrol and its derivatives) are secondary metabolites produced by plants as defence mechanism to microbial infection. These compounds are known for their anti-inflammatory action and health benefits in preventing a wide range of disorders (e.g. cancer and cardiovascular diseases). However, their antimicrobial properties are less investigated. A series of 8 stilbenoid compounds were synthesized and their antifungal activity against 19 wild strains of filamentous fungi and yeasts (isolated from the environment and food) was tested in vitro. Using an agar diffusion assay, compounds were tested at the concentration of 100 μg/ml on filamentous fungi and yeasts at 104 CFU/ml. The results showed that tested derivatives possess moderate antifungal activity: in particular, monomeric stilbenoids 3’-hydroxy-pterostilbene and piceatannol, and dimeric stilbenoids (±)-trans-δ-viniferin and pallidol were active against mycotoxigenic fungi.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Oil on Growth and Ochratoxin A Production by Aspergillus carbonarius Isolates

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Paiva Rodrigues ◽  
Andrea Luciana Astoreca ◽  
Águida Aparecida de Oliveira ◽  
Lauranne Alves Salvato ◽  
Gabriela Lago Biscoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Aspergillus Carbonarius ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Aspergillus carbonarius is a saprobic filamentous fungus, food spoiling fungus and a producer of ochratoxin A (OTA) mycotoxin. In this study, the in vitro antifungal activity of neem oil (0.12% p/p of azadirachtin) was evaluated against the growth of six strains of A. carbonarius and the production of OTA. Four different concentrations of neem oil were tested in addition to three incubation times. Only the concentration of 0.3% of neem oil inhibited more than 95% of the strain’s growth (97.6% ± 0.5%), while the use of 0.5% and 1.0% of neem oil showed lower antifungal activity, 40.2% ± 3.1 and 64.7% ± 1.1, respectively. There was a complete inhibition of OTA production with 0.1% and 0.3% neem oil in the four strains isolated in the laboratory from grapes. The present study shows that neem essential oil can be further evaluated as an auxiliary method for the reduction of mycelial growth and OTA production.

scholarly journals Antibacterial effect of the adhering human Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LB.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1046-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Coconnier ◽  
V Liévin ◽  
M F Bernet-Camard ◽  
S Hudault ◽  
A L Servin
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Culture Supernatant ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
Acidic Conditions

The spent culture supernatant of the human Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LB produces an antibacterial activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens. It decreased the in vitro viability of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. In contrast, it did not inhibit lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. The activity was heat stable and relatively sensitive to enzymatic treatments and developed under acidic conditions. The antimicrobial activity was independent of lactic acid production. Activity against S. typhimurium SL1344 infecting human cultured intestinal Caco-2 cells was observed as it was in the conventional C3H/He/oujco mouse model with S. typhimurium C5 infection and oral treatment with the LB spent culture supernatant.

scholarly journals Antifungal activities of thiosemicarbazones and semicarbazones against mycotoxigenic fungi

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rojane de Oliveira Paiva ◽  
Lucimar Ferreira Kneipp ◽  
Carla Marins Goular ◽  
Mariana Almeida Albuquerque ◽  
Aurea Echevarria
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Mycotoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Chelating Effect

Mycotoxigenic fungi can compromise the quality of food, exposing human and animal health at risk. The antifungal activity of eight thiosemicarbazones (1-8) and nine semicarbazones (9-17) was evaluated against Aspergillus flavus, A. nomius, A. ochraceus, A. parasiticus and Fusarium verticillioides. Thiosemicarbazones had MIC values of 125-500 µg/ml. The thiosemicarbazones 1 and 2 exerted fungistatic activity against Aspergillus spp., and thiosemicarbazone 2 exerted fungicidal activity against F. verticillioides. Compound 2 showed an iron chelating effect of 63%. The ergosterol content of A. parasiticus had a decrease of 28 and 71% for the 31.2 and 62.5 µg/ml concentrations of thiosemicarbazone 2 compared to the control. The obtained results of antifungal activity revealed that thiosemicarbazone class was more active when compared to semicarbazone class and, the thiosemicarbazone 2 was the most active compound, specially, against Aspergillus spp.

scholarly journals Molecular Diagnostic of Ochratoxin A with Specific Aptamers in Corn and Groundnut via Fabrication of A Microfluidic Device

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepshikha Shahdeo ◽  
Azmat Ali Khan ◽  
Amer M Alanazi ◽  
Yun Suk Huh ◽  
Shruti Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Colorimetric Detection ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Analytical Device

Abstract Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the predominant mycotoxins that contaminate a wide range of food commodities. In the present study, a 36-mer aptamer was used as a molecular recognition element coupled with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for colorimetric detection of OTA in a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPADs). The µPADs consisted of three zones: control, detection, and sample, interconnected by channels. The biophysical characterizations of aptamer conjugated AuNPs were done by UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The developed colorimetric assay for OTA showed a limit of detection of 242, 545, and 95.69 ng/mL in water, corn, and groundnut, respectively. The HPLC detection method achieved acceptable coefficient in standard curves (r2 = 0.9995), better detection range, and recovery rates in spiked corn and groundnut samples as 43.61 ± 2.18% to 87.10 ± 1.82% and 42.01 ± 1.31% to 86.03 ± 2.64% after multiple sample extractions and cleanup steps. However, the developed µPADs analytical device had the potent ability to rapidly detect OTA without any extraction pre-requirement, derivatization, and cleanup steps, thus illustrating its feasibility in the animal health sector, agricultural, and food industries.

scholarly journals Essential oil of Xylopia aethiopica from Cameroon: Chemical composition, antiradical and in vitro antifungal activity against some mycotoxigenic fungi

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alphonse Sokamte Tegang ◽  
Thierry Marcel Ntsamo Beumo ◽  
Pierre Michel Jazet Dongmo ◽  
Leopold Tatsadjieu Ngoune
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Mycotoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Xylopia Aethiopica ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

scholarly journals Application of Plant Extracts to Control Postharvest Gray Mold and Susceptibility of Apple Fruits to B. cinerea from Different Plant Hosts

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Šernaitė ◽  
Neringa Rasiukevičiūtė ◽  
Alma Valiuškaitė
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Cinnamon Extract ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Hosts ◽  
Apple Fruits

Sustainable plant protection can be applied on apples against fungal pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea (which is responsible for gray mold)—a significant global postharvest disease. This pathogen can affect a wide range of hosts; and fruits may have variable susceptibilities to B. cinerea from different plant hosts. New possibilities to control gray mold in food production are under demand due to the emergence of resistance against antifungal agents in fungal pathogens. Cinnamon, pimento, and laurel extracts were previously assessed for antifungal activities under in vitro conditions and were found to have the potential to be effective against postharvest gray mold. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of cinnamon, pimento, and laurel extracts in vitro and against postharvest gray mold on apples to determine the susceptibility of apple fruits to B. cinerea from different plant hosts, and to analyze the chemical composition of the extracts. Apples (cv. “Connell Red”) were treated with different concentrations of extracts and inoculated with B. cinerea isolates from apple and strawberry followed by evaluation of in vitro antifungal activity. The results reveal that most of the concentrations of the extracts that were investigated were not efficient enough when assessed in the postharvest assay, despite having demonstrated a high in vitro antifungal effect. Apples were less susceptible to B. cinerea isolated from strawberry. To conclude, cinnamon extract was found to be the most effective against apple gray mold; however, higher concentrations of the extracts are required for the efficient inhibition of B. cinerea in fruits during storage.

In vitro evaluation of essential oils against Aspergillus carbonarius isolates and their effects on Ochratoxin A related gene expression in synthetic grape medium

Food Control ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliada K. Lappa ◽  
Eleni Simini ◽  
George-John E. Nychas ◽  
Efstathios Z. Panagou
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aspergillus Carbonarius ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation

scholarly journals Miltefosine Against Scedosporium and Lomentospora Species: Antifungal Activity and Its Effects on Fungal Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Rollin-Pinheiro ◽  
Yuri de Castro Almeida ◽  
Victor Pereira Rochetti ◽  
Mariana Ingrid Dutra da Silva Xisto ◽  
Luana Pereira Borba-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Exogenous Addition ◽  
Species Production

Scedosporium and Lomentospora species are filamentous fungi responsible for a wide range of infections in humans and are frequently associated with cystic fibrosis and immunocompromising conditions. Because they are usually resistant to many antifungal drugs available in clinical settings, studies of alternative targets in fungal cells and therapeutic approaches are necessary. In the present work, we evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of miltefosine against Scedosporium and Lomentospora species and how this phospholipid analogue affects the fungal cell. Miltefosine inhibited different Scedosporium and Lomentospora species at 2–4 µg/ml and reduced biofilm formation. The loss of membrane integrity in Scedosporium aurantiacum caused by miltefosine was demonstrated by leakage of intracellular components and lipid raft disorganisation. The exogenous addition of glucosylceramide decreased the inhibitory activity of miltefosine. Reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial activity were also affected by miltefosine, as well as the susceptibility to fluconazole, caspofungin and myoricin. The data obtained in the present study contribute to clarify the dynamics of the interaction between miltefosine and Scedosporium and Lomentospora cells, highlighting its potential use as new antifungal drug in the future.

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