The Recombinant Maize Ribosome-Inactivating Protein Transiently Reduces Viral Load in SHIV89.6 Infected Chinese Rhesus Macaques

Developing an effective vaccine against HIV infection remains an urgent goal. We used a DNA prime/fowlpox virus boost regimen to immunize Chinese rhesus macaques. The animals were challenged intramuscularly with pathogenic molecularly cloned SHIV-KB9. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of vaccines were investigated by measuring IFN-γlevels, monitoring HIV-specific binding antibodies, examining viral load, and analyzing CD4/CD8 ratio. Results show that, upon challenge, the vaccine group can induce a strong immune response in the body, represented by increased expression of IFN-γ, slow and steady elevated antibody production, reduced peak value of acute viral load, and increase in the average CD4/CD8 ratio. The current research suggests that rapid reaction speed, appropriate response strength, and long-lasting immune response time may be key protection factors for AIDS vaccine. The present study contributes significantly to AIDS vaccine and preclinical research.

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Functional Impairment of Central Memory CD4 T Cells Is a Potential Early Prognostic Marker for Changing Viral Load in SHIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0019607 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. e19607 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Hong He ◽

Pramod N. Nehete ◽

Bharti Nehete ◽

Eric Wieder ◽

Guojun Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Viral Load ◽

Prognostic Marker ◽

Functional Impairment ◽

Cd4 T Cells ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Central Memory ◽

Memory Cd4 T Cells

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Peptide-binding motifs associated with MHC molecules common in Chinese rhesus macaques are analogous to those of human HLA supertypes and include HLA-B27-like alleles

Immunogenetics ◽

10.1007/s00251-013-0686-9 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 371-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Bianca R. Mothé ◽

Scott Southwood ◽

John Sidney ◽

A. Michelle English ◽

Amanda Wriston ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Peptide Binding ◽

Hla B27 ◽

Binding Motifs ◽

Mhc Molecules ◽

Chinese Rhesus Macaques

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Low Aedes aegypti Vector Competence for Zika Virus from Viremic Rhesus Macaques

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12121345 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1345

Author(s):

Rosilainy Surubi Fernandes ◽

Mariana Rocha David ◽

Filipe Vieira Santos De Abreu ◽

Anielly Ferreira-de-Brito ◽

Noemi R. Gardinali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Short Duration ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Rhesus Macaques ◽

Vector Competence ◽

Transmission Dynamics ◽

Zikv Infection ◽

Transmission Rates ◽

Time Points

Despite worldwide efforts to understand the transmission dynamics of Zika virus (ZIKV), scanty evaluation has been made on the vector competence of Aedes aegypti fed directly on viremic human and non-human primates (NHPs). We blood-fed Ae. aegypti from two districts in Rio de Janeiro on six ZIKV infected pregnant rhesus macaques at several time points, half of which were treated with Sofosbuvir (SOF). Mosquitoes were analyzed for vector competence after 3, 7 and 14 days of incubation. Although viremia extended up to eight days post monkey inoculation, only mosquitoes fed on the day of the peak of viremia, recorded on day two, became infected. The influence of SOF treatment could not be assessed because the drug was administered just after mosquito feeding on day two. The global infection, dissemination and transmission rates were quite low (4.09%, 1.91% and 0.54%, respectively); no mosquito was infected when viremia was below 1.26 × 105 RNA copies/mL. In conclusion, Ae. aegypti vector competence for ZIKV from macaques is low, likely to be due to low viral load and the short duration of ZIKV viremia in primates suitable for infecting susceptible mosquitoes. If ZIKV infection in human and macaques behaves similarly, transmission of the Zika virus in nature is most strongly affected by vector density.

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