scholarly journals Assessing the Presence of Wuchereria bancrofti Infections in Vectors Using Xenomonitoring in Lymphatic Filariasis Endemic Districts in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sellase Pi-Bansa ◽  
Joseph Osei ◽  
Worlasi Kartey-Attipoe ◽  
Elizabeth Elhassan ◽  
David Agyemang ◽  
...  

Mass drug administration (MDA) is the current mainstay to interrupt the transmission of lymphatic filariasis. To monitor whether MDA is effective and transmission of lymphatic filariasis indeed has been interrupted, rigorous surveillance is required. Assessment of transmission by programme managers is usually done via serology. New research suggests that xenomonitoring holds promise for determining the success of lymphatic filariasis interventions. The objective of this study was to assess Wuchereria bancrofti infection in mosquitoes as a post-MDA surveillance tool using xenomonitoring. The study was carried out in four districts of Ghana; Ahanta West, Mpohor, Kassena Nankana West and Bongo. A suite of mosquito sampling methods was employed, including human landing collections, pyrethrum spray catches and window exit traps. Infection of W. bancrofti in mosquitoes was determined using dissection, conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction and loop mediated isothermal amplification assays. Aedes, Anopheles coustani, An. gambiae, An. pharoensis, Culex and Mansonia mosquitoes were sampled in each of the four study districts. The dissected mosquitoes were positive for filarial infection using molecular assays. Dissected An. melas mosquitoes from Ahanta West district were the only species found positive for filarial parasites. We conclude that whilst samples extracted with Trizol reagent did not show any positives, molecular methods should still be considered for monitoring and surveillance of lymphatic filariasis transmission.

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1116-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ertuğrul Güçlü ◽  
Mehmet Koroglu ◽  
Yusuf Yürümez ◽  
Hande Toptan ◽  
Elif Kose ◽  
...  

SUMMARY BACKGROUND Healthcare personnel are at risk of becoming infected while taking upper and/or lower respiratory tract specimens. Therefore, there is a need for sampling methods that do not risk infecting them. In this study, we aimed to compare the saliva and Oro-Nasopharyngeal Swab (ONS) sampling methods. METHODS Patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 included patients whose diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Group 2 included patients with COVID-19 compatible findings in lung computed tomography (CT), but with a negative PCR. Group 3 included patients who presented to the emergency department with COVID-19 compatible complaints but had normal CT. Saliva and ONS samples were taken on the third day of hospitalization in groups 1 and 2, whereas in group 3, they were taken at the time of admission to the hospital. RESULTS A total of 64 patients were included in the study. The average age was 51.04 ± 17.9 years, and 37 (57.8%) were male. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 27 (42.2%) patients’ saliva samples. While the sensitivity and positive predictive value of saliva samples were 85.2%, specificity and negative predictive value were 89.2%. The value of kappa was in substantial agreement (0.744), and it was found statistically significant (<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Saliva samples can be used instead of ONS samples in detecting SARS-CoV-2. Investigating SARS-CoV-2 with saliva is cheaper, easier for the patient and overall, and, most importantly, it poses much less risk of SARS-CoV-2 contamination to healthcare personnel.


2014 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
pp. 978-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Ximenes ◽  
Eduardo Brandão ◽  
Paula Oliveira ◽  
Abraham Rocha ◽  
Tamisa Rego ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oljira Kenea ◽  
Meshesha Balkew ◽  
Habte Tekie ◽  
Teshome Gebre-Michael ◽  
Wakgari Deressa ◽  
...  

1996 ◽  
Vol 173 (6) ◽  
pp. 1510-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. McCarthy ◽  
M. Zhong ◽  
R. Gopinath ◽  
E. A. Ottesen ◽  
S. A. Williams ◽  
...  

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