scholarly journals Evidence of Human Parvovirus B19 Infection in the Post-Mortem Brain Tissue of the Elderly

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Skuja ◽  
Anda Vilmane ◽  
Simons Svirskis ◽  
Valerija Groma ◽  
Modra Murovska
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Human Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Pathogenic Potential

After primary exposure, the human parvovirus B19 (B19V) genome may remain in the central nervous system (CNS), establishing a lifelong latency. The structural characteristics and functions of the infected cells are essential for the virus to complete its life cycle. Although B19V has been detected in the brain tissue by sequencing PCR products, little is known about its in vivo cell tropism and pathogenic potential in the CNS. To detect B19V and investigate the distribution of its target cells in the CNS, we studied brain autopsies of elderly subjects using molecular virology, and optical and electron microscopy methods. Our study detected B19V in brain tissue samples from both encephalopathy and control groups, suggesting virus persistence within the CNS throughout the host’s lifetime. It appears that within the CNS, the main target of B19V is oligodendrocytes. The greatest number of B19V-positive oligodendrocytes was found in the white matter of the frontal lobe. The number was significantly lower in the gray matter of the frontal lobe (p = 0.008) and the gray and white matter of the temporal lobes (p < 0.0001). The morphological changes observed in the encephalopathy group, propose a possible B19V involvement in the demyelination process.

scholarly journals Human Parvovirus B19 VP2 Empty Capsids Bind to Human Villous Trophoblast Cellsin vitroVia the Globoside Receptor

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole C. Wegner ◽  
Jeanne A. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Human Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Trophoblast Cells ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Viral Binding ◽  
Successful Infection ◽  
Villous Trophoblast ◽  
Empty Capsid

Background:Pregnant women acutely infected with human parvovirus B19 (B19) may transmit the virus to the developing fetus. The mechanism whereby the virus interacts with the placenta is unknown. It is known that globoside receptor is required for successful infection of the target cells, which are the highly undifferentiated, actively dividing colony and burst-form units of the erythroid series. Globoside is present on trophoblast cells which have intimate contact with maternal blood, and may therefore serve as a potential route for B19 transmission into the fetal compartment.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to determine whether B19 VP2 capsids could bind to villous trophoblast cells in vitro and whether globoside was involved.Methods:Binding of B19 VP2 empty capsid to first-trimester villous trophoblast cells was assessed by multiple approaches, including ICC using either biotinylated B19 VP2 empty capsid or unlabeled B19 VP2 empty capsid. Quantification of viral binding involvedI125-labeled B19 VP2 empty capsid. Competition studies included excess unlabeled empty capsids or pretreatment with globoside-specific IgM antibody.Results:Linear binding of B19 VP2 capsid to purified villous trophoblast cells in vitro was clearly demonstrated (R2= 0.9524). Competition studies revealed specificity ofI125-labeled B19 VP2 capsid binding to villous trophoblast cells when pretreatment with either 60-fold excess unlabeled B19 capsid or globoside-specific IgM antibody took place. The results illustrated B19's ability to bind in a specific manner to globoside-containing villous trophoblast cells.Conclusion:We speculate that the globoside present on trophoblast cells may play a role in viral binding in vivo, which may facilitate B19 transmission across the maternal–fetal interface.

A cytotoxic nonstructural protein, NS1, of human parvovirus B19 induces activation of interleukin-6 gene expression.

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 8485-8491 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Moffatt ◽  
N Tanaka ◽  
K Tada ◽  
M Nose ◽  
M Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Human Parvovirus B19

Lymphoproliferative responses after infection with human parvovirus B19.

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 7327-7330 ◽  
Author(s):  
A von Poblotzki ◽  
C Gerdes ◽  
U Reischl ◽  
H Wolf ◽  
S Modrow
Keyword(s):  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Human Parvovirus B19

scholarly journals White matter tracts characteristics in habitual decision-making circuit underlie ritual behaviors in anorexia nervosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Tadayonnejad ◽  
Fabrizio Pizzagalli ◽  
Stuart B. Murray ◽  
Wolfgang M. Pauli ◽  
Geena Conde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
White Matter Tracts ◽  
Compulsive Behaviors ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Brain Behavior

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a difficult to treat, pernicious psychiatric disorder that has been linked to decision-making abnormalities. We examined the structural characteristics of habitual and goal-directed decision-making circuits and their connecting white matter tracts in 32 AN and 43 healthy controls across two independent data sets of adults and adolescents as an explanatory sub-study. Total bilateral premotor/supplementary motor area-putamen tracts in the habit circuit had a significantly higher volume in adults with AN, relative to controls. Positive correlations were found between both the number of tracts and white matter volume (WMV) in the habit circuit, and the severity of ritualistic/compulsive behaviors in adults and adolescents with AN. Moreover, we found a significant influence of the habit circuit WMV on AN ritualistic/compulsive symptom severity, depending on the preoccupations symptom severity levels. These findings suggest that AN is associated with white matter plasticity alterations in the habit circuit. The association between characteristics of habit circuit white matter tracts and AN behavioral symptoms provides support for a circuit based neurobiological model of AN, and identifies the habit circuit as a focus for further investigation to aid in development of novel and more effective treatments based on brain-behavior relationships.

Human Parvovirus B19 Infection in Patients with Coronary Atherosclerosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 612-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Chi Liu ◽  
Chia-Ti Tsai ◽  
Cho-Kai Wu ◽  
Meng-Fen Yu ◽  
Mu-Zon Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Human Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Parvovirus B19 Infection
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