scholarly journals Productive Infection of Mouse Mammary Glands and Human Mammary Epithelial Cells by Zika Virus

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert ◽  
Chiche ◽  
Legros ◽  
Jeannin ◽  
Montange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Human Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Human Mammary Epithelial

Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the large category of arboviruses. Surprisingly, several human-to-human transmissions of ZIKV have been notified, either following sexual intercourse or from the mother to fetus during pregnancy. Importantly, high viral loads have been detected in the human breast milk of infected mothers, and the existence of breastfeeding as a new mode of mother-to-child transmission of ZIKV was recently hypothesized. However, the maternal origin of infectious particles in breast milk is currently unknown. Here, we show that ZIKV disseminates to the mammary glands of infected mice after both systemic and local exposure with differential kinetics. Ex vivo, we demonstrate that primary human mammary epithelial cells were sensitive and permissive to ZIKV infection in this study. Moreover, by using in vitro models, we prove that mammary luminal- and myoepithelial-phenotype cell lines are both able to produce important virus progeny after ZIKV exposure. Our data suggest that the dissemination of ZIKV to the mammary glands and subsequent infection of the mammary epithelium could be one mechanism of viral excretion in human breast milk.

scholarly journals Leptin Expression in Human Mammary Epithelial Cells and Breast Milk

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1810-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Smith-Kirwin ◽  
Darlise M. O’Connor ◽  
Jennifer Johnston ◽  
Elizabeth de Lancy ◽  
Sandra G. Hassink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Human Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Human Mammary Epithelial

Leptin has recently been shown to be produced by the human placenta and potentially plays a role in fetal and neonatal growth. Many functions of the placenta are replaced by the mammary gland in terms of providing critical growth factors for the newborn. In this study, we show that leptin is produced by human mammary epithelial cells as revealed by RT/PCR analysis of total RNA from mammary gland and immunohistochemical staining of breast tissue, cultured mammary epithelial cells, and secretory epithelial cells present in human milk. We also verify that immunoreactive leptin is present in whole milk at 30- to 150-fold higher concentrations than skim milk. We propose that leptin is secreted by mammary epithelial cells in milk fat globules, which partition into the lipid portion of breast milk.

scholarly journals Viral oncogenes accelerate conversion to immortality of cultured conditionally immortal human mammary epithelial cells

Oncogene ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 2169-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Garbe ◽  
Michelle Wong ◽  
Don Wigington ◽  
Paul Yaswen ◽  
Martha R Stampfer
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Human Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Viral Oncogenes ◽  
Human Mammary Epithelial

scholarly journals The ETS Transcription Factor ESE-1 Transforms MCF-12A Human Mammary Epithelial Cells via a Novel Cytoplasmic Mechanism

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 5548-5564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Prescott ◽  
Karen S. N. Koto ◽  
Meenakshi Singh ◽  
Arthur Gutierrez-Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Nuclear Localization ◽  
Human Breast Cancer ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Transformation ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Human Mammary Epithelial

ABSTRACT Several different transcription factors, including estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and ETS family members, have been implicated in human breast cancer, indicating that transcription factor-induced alterations in gene expression underlie mammary cell transformation. ESE-1 is an epithelium-specific ETS transcription factor that contains two distinguishing domains, a serine- and aspartic acid-rich (SAR) domain and an AT hook domain. ESE-1 is abundantly expressed in human breast cancer and trans-activates epithelium-specific gene promoters in transient transfection assays. While it has been presumed that ETS factors transform mammary epithelial cells via their nuclear transcriptional functions, here we show (i) that ESE-1 protein is cytoplasmic in human breast cancer cells; (ii) that stably expressed green fluorescent protein-ESE-1 transforms MCF-12A human mammary epithelial cells; and (iii) that the ESE-1 SAR domain, acting in the cytoplasm, is necessary and sufficient to mediate this transformation. Deletion of transcriptional regulatory or nuclear localization domains does not impair ESE-1-mediated transformation, whereas fusing the simian virus 40 T-antigen nuclear localization signal to various ESE-1 constructs, including the SAR domain alone, inhibits their transforming capacity. Finally, we show that the nuclear localization of ESE-1 protein induces apoptosis in nontransformed mammary epithelial cells via a transcription-dependent mechanism. Together, our studies reveal two distinct ESE-1 functions, apoptosis and transformation, where the ESE-1 transcription activation domain contributes to apoptosis and the SAR domain mediates transformation via a novel nonnuclear, nontranscriptional mechanism. These studies not only describe a unique ETS factor transformation mechanism but also establish a new paradigm for cell transformation in general.

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