scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles in HTLV-1 Communication: The Story of an Invisible Messenger

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1422
Author(s):  
Sarah Al Sharif ◽  
Daniel O. Pinto ◽  
Gifty A. Mensah ◽  
Fatemeh Dehbandi ◽  
Pooja Khatkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Cell Aggregation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infects 5–10 million people worldwide and is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) as well as other inflammatory diseases. A major concern is that the most majority of individuals with HTLV-1 are asymptomatic carriers and that there is limited global attention by health care officials, setting up potential conditions for increased viral spread. HTLV-1 transmission occurs primarily through sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, intravenous drug usage, and breast feeding. Currently, there is no cure for HTLV-1 infection and only limited treatment options exist, such as class I interferons (IFN) and Zidovudine (AZT), with poor prognosis. Recently, small membrane-bound structures, known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), have received increased attention due to their potential to carry viral cargo (RNA and proteins) in multiple pathogenic infections (i.e., human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1), Zika virus, and HTLV-1). In the case of HTLV-1, EVs isolated from the peripheral blood and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) of HAM/TSP patients contained the viral transactivator protein Tax. Additionally, EVs derived from HTLV-1-infected cells (HTLV-1 EVs) promote functional effects such as cell aggregation which enhance viral spread. In this review, we present current knowledge surrounding EVs and their potential role as immune-modulating agents in cancer and other infectious diseases such as HTLV-1 and HIV-1. We discuss various features of EVs that make them prime targets for possible vehicles of future diagnostics and therapies.

Analyzing Interval Systems of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I Infection of CD4+ T-Cells

2017 ◽  
pp. 126-147
Author(s):  
Zohreh Dadi
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cell Dynamics ◽  
Adult T Cell Leukemia ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
Study Interval

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) infects a type of white blood cell called a T lymphocyte. HTLV-I infection is seen in diverse region of the world such as the Caribbean Islands, southwestern Japan, southeastern United States, and Mashhad (Iran). This virus is the etiological agent of two main types of disease: HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and adult T cell leukemia. Also, the role of HTLV-I in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as HTLV-I associated arthropathy and systemic lupus erythematosus is under investigation. In this chapter, the author considers an ODE model of T-cell dynamics in HTLV-I infection which was proposed by Stilianakis and Seydel in 1999. Mathematical analysis of the model with fixed parameters has been done by many researchers. The author studies dynamical behavior (local stability) of this model with interval uncertainties, called interval system. Also, effective parameters in the local dynamics of model are found. For this study, interval analysis and particularly of Kharitonov's stability theorem are used.

Risk Factors and Cofactors for Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-I)-associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) in Jamaica

1995 ◽  
Vol 142 (11) ◽  
pp. 1212-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Krämer ◽  
Elizabeth M. Maloney ◽  
Owen St. C. Morgan ◽  
Pamela Rodgers-Johnson ◽  
Angela Manns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Tropical Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Human T Cell

scholarly journals Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type-I (HTLV-I)-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis with Acute Type of Adult T-Cell Leukemia.

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1130-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka FURUKAWA ◽  
Toshihide OKADOME ◽  
Mitsutoshi TARA ◽  
Kiyoshige NIINA ◽  
Shuji IZUMO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Tropical Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Acute Type ◽  
T Cell Leukemia ◽  
Cell Leukemia ◽  
Adult T Cell Leukemia ◽  
Human T Cell

scholarly journals Progressive Spastic Paraparesis Associated with Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type I(HTLV-I).

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1257-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis CARTIER ◽  
Fernando ARAYA ◽  
Jose Luis CASTILLO ◽  
Fernando RUIZ ◽  
Adriana GORMAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Type I ◽  
T Cell Leukemia ◽  
Cell Leukemia ◽  
Cell Leukemia Virus Type ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
T Cell Leukemia Virus

scholarly journals Defective Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-I) Provirus in 10 Chilean Seronegative Patients with Tropical Spastic Paraparesis or HTLV-I-Associated Myelopathy

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1811-1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Ramirez ◽  
Luis Cartier ◽  
Maritza Rios ◽  
Jorge Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Tropical Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells

We studied the presence of tax and ltrgenes from human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) provirus in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 15 seronegative patients with tropical spastic paraparesis or HTLV-I-associated myelopathy by PCR. Only a region of the tax gene from 10 patients was amplified. The nucleotide homologies of six Chilean isolates to the ATK-1 clone ranged between 98.7 and 99.4%.

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