scholarly journals MMR Vaccine Attitude and Uptake Research in the United Kingdom: A Critical Review

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 402
Author(s):  
Louis Torracinta ◽  
Rachel Tanner ◽  
Samantha Vanderslott
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Socio Economic Variables

This review critically assesses the body of research about Measles-Mumps-and-Rubella (MMR) vaccine attitudes and uptake in the United Kingdom (UK) over the past 10 years. We searched PubMed and Scopus, with terms aimed at capturing relevant literature on attitudes about, and uptake of, the MMR vaccine. Two researchers screened for abstract eligibility and after de-duplication 934 studies were selected. After screening, 40 references were included for full-text review and thematic synthesis by three researchers. We were interested in the methodologies employed and grouped findings by whether studies concerned: (1) Uptake and Demographics; (2) Beliefs and Attitudes; (3) Healthcare Worker Focus; (4) Experimental and Psychometric Intervention; and (5) Mixed Methods. We identified group and individual level determinants for attitudes, operating directly and indirectly, which influence vaccine uptake. We found that access issues, often ignored within the public “anti-vax” debate, remain highly pertinent. Finally, a consistent theme was the effect of misinformation or lack of knowledge and trust in healthcare, often stemming from the Wakefield controversy. Future immunisation campaigns for children, including for COVID-19, should consider both access and attitudinal aspects of vaccination, and incorporate a range of methodologies to assess progress, taking into account socio-economic variables and the needs of disadvantaged groups.

scholarly journals MMR Vaccine Attitude and Uptake Research in the United Kingdom: A Critical Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Torracinta ◽  
Rachel Tanner ◽  
Samantha Vanderslott
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Socio Economic Variables

This review critically assesses the body of research about Measles-Mumps-and-Rubella (MMR) vaccine attitudes and uptake in the United Kingdom (UK) over the past 10 years. We searched PubMed and Scopus, with terms aimed at capturing relevant literature on attitudes, uptake, decision-making, and beliefs about the MMR vaccine. Two researchers screened for abstract eligibility and after de-duplication 934 studies were selected. After screening, 40 references were included for full-text review and thematic synthesis by three researchers. We were interested in the methodologies employed, and grouped findings by whether studies concerned: (1) Uptake and Demographics; (2) Beliefs and Attitudes; (3) Healthcare Worker Focus; (4) Experimental and Psychometric Intervention; (5) Mixed Methods. We identified group and individual level determinants for attitudes, operating directly and indirectly, that influence vaccine uptake. We found that access issues, often ignored within the public “anti-vax” debate, remain highly pertinent. Finally, a consistent theme was the effect of misinformation and lack of knowledge or trust in healthcare, often stemming from the Wakefield controversy. Future COVID-19 immunisation campaigns for children should consider both access and attitudinal aspects of vaccination, and incorporate a range of methodologies to assess progress, taking into account socio-economic variables and the needs of disadvantaged groups.

The British Are Coming!

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Bátiz-Lazo
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom

Chapter 3 (‘The British Are Coming!’) explains the origins of the technology in the United Kingdom. It is widely assumed that the operation of a machine in the Enfield branch of Barclays was the ‘prime mover’ in this industry. However, the historical record fails to identify a hero inventor; rather multiple independent versions of the cash machine were launched at more or less the same time in different countries. Yet in spite of the great fanfare, there was no real race to market. There is no evidence the engineers responsible for them knew of each other’s existence before this launch (but many bankers did). Four years later, very few members of the public knew the cash machine existed, even less had used them and only a handful found them convenient.

scholarly journals What does it Mean to be a Man? Trans Masculinities, Bodily Practices, and Reflexive Embodiment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1097184X2110085
Author(s):  
Sofia Aboim ◽  
Pedro Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Hegemonic Masculinity ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Political ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Reflexive Practice ◽  
Bodily Experiences ◽  
To Come

Confronted with the centrality of the body for trans-masculine individuals interviewed in the United Kingdom and Portugal, we explore how bodily-reflexive practices are central for doing masculinity. Following Connell’s early insight that bodies needed to come back to the political and sociological agendas, we propose that bodily-reflexive practice is a concept suited to account for the production of trans-masculinities. Although multiple, the journeys of trans-masculine individuals demonstrate how bodily experiences shape and redefine masculinities in ways that illuminate the nexus between bodies, embodiments, and discursive enactments of masculinity. Rather than oppositions between bodily conformity to and transgression of the norms of hegemonic masculinity, often encountered in idealizations of the medicalized transsexual against the genderqueer rebel, lived bodily experiences shape masculinities beyond linear oppositions. Tensions between natural and technological, material and discursive, or feminine and masculine were keys for understanding trans-masculine narratives about the body, embodiment, and identity.

Waking Up in the Poll Booth

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 901-910
Author(s):  
Robert E. Goodin ◽  
James Mahmud Rice
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Waking Up

Judging from Gallup Polls in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, opinion often changes during an election campaign. Come election day itself, however, opinion often reverts back nearer to where it was before the campaign began. That that happens even in Australia, where voting is compulsory and turnout is near-universal, suggests that differential turnout among those who have and have not been influenced by the campaign is not the whole story. Inspection of individual-level panel data from 1987 and 2005 British General Elections confirms that between 3 and 5 percent of voters switch voting intentions during the campaign, only to switch back toward their original intentions on election day. One explanation, we suggest, is that people become more responsible when stepping into the poll booth: when voting they reflect back on the government's whole time in office, rather than just responding (as when talking to pollsters) to the noise of the past few days' campaigning. Inspection of Gallup Polls for UK snap elections suggests that this effect is even stronger in elections that were in that sense unanticipated.

scholarly journals The Determinants of Charity Misconduct

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diarmuid McDonnell ◽  
Alasdair C. Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Regulatory Action ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Dataset ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Public Scrutiny

Charities in the United Kingdom have been the subject of intense media, political, and public scrutiny in recent times; however, our understanding of the nature, extent, and determinants of charity misconduct is weak. Drawing upon a novel administrative dataset of 25,611 charities for the period 2006-2014 in Scotland, we develop models to predict two dimensions of charity misconduct: regulatory investigation and subsequent action. There have been 2,109 regulatory investigations of 1,566 Scottish charities over the study period, of which 31% resulted in regulatory action being taken. Complaints from members of the public are most likely to trigger an investigation, whereas the most common concerns relate to general governance and misappropriation of assets. Our multivariate analysis reveals a disconnect between the types of charities that are suspected of misconduct and those that are subject to subsequent regulatory action.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Copyright Exception for Teaching Purposes: Australia, Malaysia and the United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratnaria Wahid ◽  
Ida Madieha Abdul Ghani Azmi
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Public Access ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Copyright Exception ◽  
Materials Used

While education is considered a basic human right, the copyright system however seems to hamper public access to information and knowledge. This is especially so when information that largely comes from developed countries are used as commodities that have to be bought by developing countries. This paper compares the international and national laws in Malaysia, United Kingdom and Australia on the copyright exceptions to materials used for teaching purposes. It analyzes the different ways countries manage and balance between copyright owners and copyright users’ interest and shows that in many circumstances, copyright owners are over-protected by national copyright systems although this is not required by international copyright law. This paper also shows that international treaties governing copyright law do allow some flexibility for member countries to implement copyright systems based on their own needs and circumstances but such opportunity is not fully utilized by member countries for the benefit of the public.  

scholarly journals Die Kulanz in der Schadensversicherung

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Lucas Gutsche
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Future Change ◽  
Insurance Law ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Positive Light

Ex gratia is an integral part of the practice of private insurers. In the public perception, it is predominantly seen in a positive light. This work shows that ex gratia can neither always be reconciled with the legal principles of private insurance law, nor is it always unobjectionable from an economic perspective. The relevant German actors have so far remained inactive in this regard. A comprehensive legal comparison with the United Kingdom provides insightful guidance on how to enforce the legal conformity of ex gratia. The developments in the United Kingdom suggest that a future change in the approach in Germany is conceivable.

scholarly journals Does the Hunting Act 2004 adequately prevent the killing of foxes?

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Paige Austen ◽  
Nusrat Ahmed ◽  
Monika Adaemic ◽  
Shan Ahmed ◽  
Travis Aithawaite
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
British Culture

Foxes have been hunted for decades in the United Kingdom due to it being an essential part of British culture. However, nowadays the public are strongly against fox hunting. This is evident from The Hunting Act 2004 (Act 04) being enforced to protect wild mammals. Despite the Act being in effect there have been cases where suspected hunters have gotten away with being convicted of hunting as a result of loopholes within the current legislation. Therefore in order to improve the effectiveness of the Act it must be built upon. Through analysing the Act itself alongside cases, ethical issues of hunting and changing social attitudes, we will consider whether the Act can be altered so that it can adequately prevent the killing of foxes.

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