scholarly journals Type 1 Diabetes Patients’ Practice, Knowledge and Attitudes towards Influenza Immunization

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 707
Author(s):  
Giulia Dallagiacoma ◽  
Agnese Allora ◽  
Stefano Salvati ◽  
Giulia Cocciolo ◽  
Michele Capraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetes Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
Influenza Immunization ◽  
Attitudes And Practices

Diabetic patients are at higher risk of developing infectious diseases and severe complications, compared to the general population. Almost no data is available in the literature on influenza immunization in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). As part of a broader project on immunization in diabetic patients, we conducted a cross-sectional study to: (i) report on seasonal influenza coverage rates in T1DM patients, (ii) explore knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) towards seasonal influenza in this population, and (iii) identify factors associated with vaccine uptake, including the role of family doctors and diabetologists. A survey was administered to 251 T1DM patients attending the Diabetes Clinic at San Raffaele Research Hospital in Milan, Italy and individual-level coverage data were retrieved from immunization registries. Self-reported seasonal influenza immunization coverage was 36%, which decreased to 21.7% when considering regional immunization registries, far below coverage target of 75%. More than a third (36.2%) of T1DM patients were classified as pro-vaccine, 30.7% as hesitant, 17.9% as uninformed, and 15.1% as anti-vaccine. Diabetologists resulted to be the most trusted source of information on vaccines’ benefits and risks (85.3%) and should be more actively involved in preventive interventions. Our study highlights the importance of developing tailored vaccination campaigns for people with diabetes, including hospital-based programs involving diabetes specialists.

scholarly journals Day-to-Day Variations in Fasting Plasma Glucose Do Not Influence Gastric Emptying in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Aigner ◽  
Björn Becker ◽  
Sonja Gerken ◽  
Daniel R. Quast ◽  
Juris J. Meier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Fasting Plasma

<b>Objective:</b> Acute experimental variations in glycemia decelerate (hyperglycemia) or accelerate (hypoglycemia) gastric emptying. Whether spontaneous variations in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) have a similar influence on gastric emptying is yet unclear. <p><b>Research design and methods:</b> Gastric emptying of a mixed meal was prospectively studied three times in 20 patients with type 1 diabetes and 10 healthy subjects with normal glucose tolerance using a <sup>13</sup>C-CO<sub>2</sub> octanoate breath test with Wagner-Nelson analysis. The velocity of gastric emptying was related to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) measured before the test (grouped as low, intermediate, or high). In addition, gastric emptying data from 255 patients with type 1 diabetes studied for clinical indications were compared by tertiles of baseline FPG. </p> <p><b>Results:</b> Despite marked variations in FPG (by 4.8 (3.4; 6.2) mmol/l), gastric emptying did not differ between the three prospective examinations in patients with type 1 diabetes (D T<sub>1/2</sub> between highest and lowest FPG: 1 [95 % CI: -35; 37] min; p = 0.90). The coefficient of variation for T<sub>1/2 </sub>determined three times was 21.0 %. Similar results at much lower variations in FPG were found in healthy subjects. In the cross-sectional analysis, gastric emptying did not differ between the tertiles of FPG (D T<sub>1/2</sub> between highest and lowest FPG: 7 [95 % CI: - 10; 23] min; p = 0.66), when FPG varied by 7.2 (6.7; 7.8) mmol/l. However, higher HbA<sub>1c</sub> was significantly related to slower gastric emptying.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Day-to-day variations in FPG not induced by therapeutic measures do not influence gastric emptying significantly. These findings are in contrast with those obtained after rapidly clamping plasma glucose in the hyper- or hypoglycemic concentrations range and challenge the clinical importance of short-term glucose fluctuations for gastric emptying in type 1-diabetic patients. Rather, chronic hyperglycemia is associated with slowed gastric emptying.</p>

scholarly journals Associations Among Taste Perception, Food Neophobia and Preferences in Type 1 Diabetes Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3052
Author(s):  
Chiara Mameli ◽  
Camilla Cattaneo ◽  
Luisa Lonoce ◽  
Giorgio Bedogni ◽  
Francesca Chiara Redaelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Neophobia ◽  
Product Categories

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common systemic diseases in childhood which predisposes the patient to serious short-term and long-term complications, affecting all body systems. Taste and olfactory impairments were first described a long time ago in adult patients affected by diabetes (both type 1 and type 2 diabetes). However, studies evaluating taste perception, behavioral attitudes (e.g., food neophobia), and preferences toward foods in children and adolescents affected by T1D are globally lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess taste sensitivity, food neophobia, and preferences among children and adolescents affected by T1D and healthy controls in a cross-sectional study. T1D patients presented a significantly lower ability in general to correctly identify taste qualities, especially bitter and sour tastes. Moreover, they were characterized by fewer fungiform papillae compared to controls, as well as a lower responsiveness to the bitter compound 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP). There were no significant differences in food neophobia scores between the two groups, but differences were observed in the mean hedonic ratings for some product categories investigated. Diabetic patients showed a greater liking for certain type of foods generally characterized by sourness and bitterness, an observation probably linked to their impaired ability to perceive taste stimuli, e.g., sourness and bitterness. These results may help to enhance the understanding of these relationships in populations with elevated diet-related health risks.

scholarly journals Changes from 1986 to 2018 in the Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight, Metabolic Control and Treatment in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Teresa Pastor-Fajardo ◽  
María Teresa Fajardo-Giménez ◽  
Vicente Bosch-Giménez ◽  
José Pastor-Rosado
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetic Children ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background: In recent decades, a global increase in the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has been observed in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional, population study examined three groups (1986, 2007, and 2018) of children and adolescents aged <16 years diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the World Health Organization recommendations.Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in diabetic children and adolescents was 30.2% (95% CI: 23.1-38.3). There was a significant increase from 1986 to 2007 (11.9% to 41.7%, p=0.002) and from 1986 to 2018 (11.9% to 34.8%, p=0.012), but no significant differences were found from 2007 to 2018 (41.7% to 34.8%, p=0.492). The age at diagnosis was lower in the group with excess body mass (p=0.037). No significant differences were observed in age (p=0.690), duration of diabetes (p=0.163), distribution according to sex (p=0.452), metabolic control (HbA1c, p=0.909), or insulin units kg/day (p=0.566), in diabetic patients with overweight or obesity. From 2007 to 2018, the use of insulin analogs (p=0.009) and a higher number of insulin doses (p=0.007) increased significantly, with no increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity.Conclusions: The evolution of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in diabetic children and adolescents during the study period is a reflection of the epidemic of childhood obesity in a global obesogenic environment.

scholarly journals Day-to-Day Variations in Fasting Plasma Glucose Do Not Influence Gastric Emptying in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Aigner ◽  
Björn Becker ◽  
Sonja Gerken ◽  
Daniel R. Quast ◽  
Juris J. Meier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Fasting Plasma

<b>Objective:</b> Acute experimental variations in glycemia decelerate (hyperglycemia) or accelerate (hypoglycemia) gastric emptying. Whether spontaneous variations in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) have a similar influence on gastric emptying is yet unclear. <p><b>Research design and methods:</b> Gastric emptying of a mixed meal was prospectively studied three times in 20 patients with type 1 diabetes and 10 healthy subjects with normal glucose tolerance using a <sup>13</sup>C-CO<sub>2</sub> octanoate breath test with Wagner-Nelson analysis. The velocity of gastric emptying was related to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) measured before the test (grouped as low, intermediate, or high). In addition, gastric emptying data from 255 patients with type 1 diabetes studied for clinical indications were compared by tertiles of baseline FPG. </p> <p><b>Results:</b> Despite marked variations in FPG (by 4.8 (3.4; 6.2) mmol/l), gastric emptying did not differ between the three prospective examinations in patients with type 1 diabetes (D T<sub>1/2</sub> between highest and lowest FPG: 1 [95 % CI: -35; 37] min; p = 0.90). The coefficient of variation for T<sub>1/2 </sub>determined three times was 21.0 %. Similar results at much lower variations in FPG were found in healthy subjects. In the cross-sectional analysis, gastric emptying did not differ between the tertiles of FPG (D T<sub>1/2</sub> between highest and lowest FPG: 7 [95 % CI: - 10; 23] min; p = 0.66), when FPG varied by 7.2 (6.7; 7.8) mmol/l. However, higher HbA<sub>1c</sub> was significantly related to slower gastric emptying.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Day-to-day variations in FPG not induced by therapeutic measures do not influence gastric emptying significantly. These findings are in contrast with those obtained after rapidly clamping plasma glucose in the hyper- or hypoglycemic concentrations range and challenge the clinical importance of short-term glucose fluctuations for gastric emptying in type 1-diabetic patients. Rather, chronic hyperglycemia is associated with slowed gastric emptying.</p>

scholarly journals Soluble CD163 was linked to galectin-3, diabetic retinopathy and antidepressants in type 1 diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1343-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva O Melin ◽  
Jonatan Dereke ◽  
Maria Thunander ◽  
Magnus Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Diabetes Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Galectin 3

Objective Depression has been associated with diabetic retinopathy and increased plasma levels of galectin-3, a lectin expressed in activated macrophages. Increased levels of sCD163, the soluble form of a macrophage expressed scavenger receptor involved in several inflammatory processes, have been demonstrated in the vitreous of the eye in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients with severe diabetic retinopathy. The aim was to explore whether circulating sCD163 was associated with diabetic retinopathy, depression and/or galectin-3 in T1D patients, controlling for gender, metabolic factors, other diabetes complications, life style and medication. Design Cross sectional. Methods Two hundred eighty-seven T1D patients, men 56%, age 18–59 years, diabetes duration ≥1 year, were consecutively recruited from one specialist diabetes clinic. Depression was assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression subscale. Blood samples, anthropometrics and blood pressure values were collected, supplemented with data from electronic medical records and the Swedish National Diabetes Registry. High plasma sCD163 was defined as ≥0.575 mg/L (corresponding to the 80th percentile) and high plasma galectin-3 as ≥4.659 µg/L (corresponding to the 95th percentile). Results The prevalence of depression was 10%, antidepressant medication 8%, diabetic retinopathy 72%, high sCD163 20% and high galectin 3 5%. High galectin-3 (AOR 9.7), antidepressants (AOR 3.8), diabetic retinopathy (AOR 2.4) and systolic blood pressure (per mmHg) (AOR 1.03) were associated with high sCD163. Conclusions This is the first study to show that circulating sCD163 was independently associated with galectin-3, the use of antidepressants and diabetic retinopathy, in patients with T1D. Depression was not associated with sCD163.

scholarly journals Assessment of Ramadan Education and Knowledge Among Diabetic Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117955141775161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mussa Hussain Almalki ◽  
Ibtihal Hussen ◽  
Shawana A. Khan ◽  
Abdulrahman Almaghamsi ◽  
Fahad Alshahrani
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: During Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn until dusk for one lunar month every year. Most of the Muslim patients with diabetes are unaware of the potential complications that can occur while fasting, such as hypoglycemia. The aim of this study is to assess the the patient education level and patients’ overall awareness of any possible complications that could occur while fasting during Ramadan and to determine how these patients deal with these complications. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study and surveyed diabetic patients about their diabetes-related knowledge over a period of 4 months from the outpatient clinic at the Obesity, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center at King Fahad Medical City. Patients were included if they were ≥16 years and if they had been receiving treatment for at least 1 year before the study, irrespective of the medications used; patients were also asked about the presence or absence of complications. Results: This study included 477 patients (325 women and 152 men). Most patients (297; 62.3%) had type 2 diabetes. The patients’ mean age was 39.72 ± 15.29 years, and the mean duration of diabetes was 10.80 ± 5.88 years. During the preceding Ramadan, 76% of patients reported fasting, whereas 58% said that they monitored their blood glucose levels once per day. Hypoglycemic episodes were reported in 60.3% of cases with type 2 diabetes and in 8.3% of cases with type 1 diabetes. Among those who had hypoglycemia, 2.8% of patients with type 1 diabetes and 17.8% with type 2 diabetes broke their fast. Finally, 54% of patients reported that their health care providers offered them instructions on diabetes management during Ramadan. Conclusions: Ramadan health education in diabetes can encourage, improve, and guide patients to change their lifestyles during Ramadan while minimizing the risk of acute complications.

scholarly journals The Correlation between Anti-GAD65 and Coxsackievirus B-IgG (CVB-IgG) in Type 1 Diabetes-Coxsackievirus B (T1D-CVB) Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
Ahmed S Kareem ◽  
Ghanim A. Almola ◽  
Oday J Alsalihi
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Coxsackievirus B ◽  
Human Beta Cells ◽  
The University

Coxsackieviruses are one of the main causes of type 1 diabetes, due to the sequence similarity between the protein 2 C (P2-C) in the structure of the virus and the glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) autoantigen in human beta-cells. The study aims to detect the anti-GAD65 and specific anti-CVB IgG in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) patients to study the correlation between the levels of the GAD65 autoantigen and CVB- IgG autoantibody in T1D-CVB patients. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2018 to July 2019 at Babylon Diabetic Center in Marjan Teaching city, Babylon teaching hospital for maternity and children and college of medicine at the University of Babylon. A total of 150 samples were obtained from diabetic patients and 50 samples from non-diabetic individuals as control. Diabetic mellitus (DM) patients diagnosed by clinical features, RBS test (above 200 mg/dL) and HbA1c test (above 6.5%). Anti-Gad and CVB-IgG detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) . The study showed the age group A2 (1-5 years), the females group (B1), and rural group (C1) more susceptible to T1D-CVB infection. The study exhibited a positive correlation between anti-gad and anti-CVB-IgG (r = 0.644**) in T1D-CVB patients.

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