scholarly journals Field Observations and Genetic Characterization of Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Egypt, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Sahar Abd El Rahman ◽  
Ahmed Ateya ◽  
Mohamed El-Beskawy ◽  
Kerstin Wernike ◽  
Bernd Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Malignant Catarrhal Fever ◽  
Field Observations

Ovine gammaherpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) causes a lethal disease in cattle and some wild ruminants called malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), which affects the epithelial and lymphoid tissues of the respiratory and digestive tracts and has an important impact on the livestock industry. In this study, MCF was diagnosed in 18 of 427 cattle from different sites in Egypt by its typical clinical signs, found in all 18 animals: corneal opacity, fever, erosions in the buccal cavity, lymphadenitis, and purulent nasal discharge. All affected cattle had been reared in contact with clinically inconspicuous sheep. Of the 18 clinically ill cattle, 13 succumbed to the disease, resulting in estimated morbidity and case fatality rates of 4.2% and 72.2%, respectively. Five samples collected from the affected cattle were positive for OvHV-2 by real-time PCR and were used for sequencing of an 832-bp fragment of the ORF27/gp48 gene. The ORF27 nucleotide sequence of all Egyptian samples was identical, but distinct from viruses found in other parts of Africa and the Mediterranean.

scholarly journals Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Bison, Acute and Chronic Cases

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Schultheiss ◽  
James K. Collins ◽  
Laura E. Austgen ◽  
James C. DeMartini
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Elastic Membrane ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Malignant Catarrhal Fever ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Lymphoid Infiltrates ◽  
Viral Sequences

Acute malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) was diagnosed in 10 bison from 6 herds and ranging from 1 to 6 years of age. The pattern of clinical signs and morphologic lesions differed among bison. Combinations of corneal opacity, lacrimation, nasal discharge, depression, excess salivation, anorexia, diarrhea, melena, and hematuria were observed. Vasculitis characterized by lymphoid infiltrates in the adventia with variable extension into media and intima was found in multiple tissues in each animal. Fibrinoid vascular necrosis was rare. Ulceration in the alimentary tract was found in 9/10 bison, and ulceration or hemorrhage in the urinary bladder was found in 8/10 bison. Lymphoid infiltrates were present in 7 of 9 livers and 9 of 9 kidneys examined histologically. Hyperplasia of lymph nodes was observed in 5 bison. Chronic MCF was diagnosed in 1 bison with an 80-day course of illness that began with lacrimation, corneal opacity, mucoid nasal discharge, depression, and anorexia. These signs ceased after 15 days but circling and blindness developed on day 76. Chronic vascular lesions characterized by endothelial cell hypertrophy, intimal thickening, fragmentation of the internal elastic membrane, smooth muscle hypertrophy, and adventitial infiltrates of lymphocytes and plasma cells were found in many organs. The retinal arteries had chronic inflammation and acute transmural fibrinoid necrosis. The retinas were infarcted. Polymerase chain reaction technique for amplification of ovine herpesvirus 2 sequences was performed on formalin-fixed tissues, and viral sequences were detected in 1–7 tissues from each animal. These viral sequences were not found in tissues of 4 bison not affected by MCF.

scholarly journals Molecular confirmation of ovine herpesvirus 2-induced malignant catarrhal fever lesions in cattle from Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1213-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selwyn A. Headley ◽  
Isadora K.F. Sousa ◽  
Antonio H.H. Minervino ◽  
Isabella O. Barros ◽  
Raimundo A. Barrêto Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Node ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Tegument Protein ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Malignant Catarrhal Fever ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph

Molecular findings that confirmed the participation of ovine herpesvirus 2 (OVH-2) in the lesions that were consistent with those observed in malignant catarrhal fever of cattle are described. Three mixed-breed cattle from Rio Grande do Norte state demonstrated clinical manifestations that included mucopurulent nasal discharge, corneal opacity and motor incoordination. Routine necropsy examination demonstrated ulcerations and hemorrhage of the oral cavity, corneal opacity, and lymph node enlargement. Significant histopathological findings included widespread necrotizing vasculitis, non-suppurative meningoencephalitis, lymphocytic interstitial nephritis and hepatitis, and thrombosis. PCR assay performed on DNA extracted from kidney and mesenteric lymph node of one animal amplified a product of 423 base pairs corresponding to a target sequence within the ovine herpesvirus 2 (OVH-2) tegument protein gene. Direct sequencing of the PCR products, from extracted DNA of the kidney and mesenteric lymph node of one cow, amplified the partial nucleotide sequences (423 base pairs) of OVH-2 tegument protein gene. Blast analysis confirmed that these sequences have 98-100% identity with similar OVH-2 sequences deposited in GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses, based on the deduced amino acid sequences, demonstrated that the strain of OVH-2 circulating in ruminants from the Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Norte and Minas Gerais are similar to that identified in other geographical locations. These findings confirmed the active participation of OVH-2 in the classical manifestations of sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever.

Clinical and Morpho-Molecular epidemiology of bovine theileriosis in Kashmir, India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Farooq ◽  
N. A. Tufani ◽  
H. U. Malik ◽  
M. S. Mir
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Lymph Node Biopsy ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Bovine Theileriosis ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears

Total 1683 cattle were screened for Theileria infections for one calendar year. The overall incidence was 4.34%. It was highest in summer (7.57%), followed by autumn (3.51%). Cattle above 2 years of age (6.19%) particularly Holstein Friesian Cross (5.81%), followed by Jersey Cross (2.77%) were highly infected. Female (4.49%) were mostly affected as compared to male (3.14%). Affected animals showed persistent high fever, tachycardia, tachypnea and reduced ruminal motility. Other important clinical signs were emaciation, swelling of pre-scapular lymph nodes, inappetence, pale mucous membranes or congested mucous membranes, occulo-nasal discharge, corneal opacity, presence of ticks, salivation, coughing and decreased milk production. The diagnostic efficacy of PCR was highest (100%, 73/73), followed by peripheral blood smears examination (93.15%, 68/73) and lymph node biopsy (49.31%, 36/73). There is a consistent increase in the incidence of bovine theileriosis which may be due climate change and import of carrier animals from the neighbouring states.

scholarly journals Malignant Catarrhal Fever-like Disease in Sheep after Intranasal Inoculation with Ovine Herpesvirus-2

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Li ◽  
Donal O'Toole ◽  
Okjin Kim ◽  
J. Lindsay Oaks ◽  
Timothy B. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Malignant Catarrhal Fever ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Nasal Secretions ◽  
Bronchiolar Epithelium ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A malignant catarrhal fever (MCF)–like disease was induced experimentally in 3 sheep after aerosol inoculation with ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2). Each of 3 OvHV-2–negative sheep was nebulized with 2 ml of nasal secretions containing approximately 3.07 − 109 OvHV-2 DNA copies from a sheep experiencing an intensive viral-shedding episode. Ovine herpesvirus-2 DNA became detectable by polymerase chain reaction in the peripheral blood leukocytes of all 3 sheep within 3 days, and all 3 seroconverted between 6 and 8 days postinfection (PI). The sheep developed clinical signs, with copious mucopurulent nasal discharge and fever around 14 days PI. One of the 3 clinically affected sheep was euthanized at 18 days PI. Major lesions at necropsy were multifocal linear erosions and ulcers in mucosa of the cheeks, tongue, pharynx, and proximal esophagus and mild disseminated pneumonia. Microscopically, there was extensive moderate superficial histiocytic–lymphocytic rhinitis with epithelial dissociation and degeneration. Moderate multifocal histiocytic bronchointerstitial pneumonia was associated with loss of terminal bronchiolar epithelium. Lymphocytic vasculitis was present only in the lung. The remaining 2 sheep recovered clinically, approximately 25 days PI. The study revealed that clinical signs and lesions resembling MCF can develop when uninfected sheep are exposed to a high dose of aerosolized OvHV-2.

scholarly journals Spectrum of Clinical Signs and Genetic Characterization of Gelatinous Drop-Like Corneal Dystrophy in a Colombian Family

Cornea ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1141-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Morantes ◽  
Cerys J. Evans ◽  
Ana V. Valencia ◽  
Alice E. Davidson ◽  
Alison J. Hardcastle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Corneal Dystrophy

scholarly journals Trypanosoma irwini n. sp (Sarcomastigophora: Trypanosomatidae) from the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (8) ◽  
pp. 875-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. McINNES ◽  
A. GILLETT ◽  
U. M. RYAN ◽  
J. AUSTEN ◽  
R. S. F. CAMPBELL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Trypanosome Species ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
A New Species

SUMMARYThe morphology and genetic characterization of a new species of trypanosome infecting koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) are described. Morphological analysis of bloodstream forms and phylogenetic analysis at the 18S rDNA and gGAPDH loci demonstrated this trypanosome species to be genetically distinct and most similar to Trypanosoma bennetti, an avian trypanosome with a genetic distance of 0·9% at the 18S rDNA and 10·7% at the gGAPDH locus. The trypanosome was detected by 18S rDNA PCR in the blood samples of 26 out of 68 (38·2%) koalas studied. The aetiological role of trypanosomes in koala disease is currently poorly defined, although infection with these parasites has been associated with severe clinical signs in a number of koalas. Based on biological and genetic characterization data, this trypanosome species infecting koalas is proposed to be a new species Trypanosome irwini n. sp.

scholarly journals Characterization of Pneumonia Due to Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in Dogs

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1790-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon L. Priestnall ◽  
Kerstin Erles ◽  
Harriet W. Brooks ◽  
Jacqueline M. Cardwell ◽  
Andrew S. Waller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Streptococcus Equi ◽  
Factor Alpha

ABSTRACT Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus has been linked to cases of acute fatal pneumonia in dogs in several countries. Outbreaks can occur in kenneled dog populations and result in significant levels of morbidity and mortality. This highly contagious disease is characterized by the sudden onset of clinical signs, including pyrexia, dyspnea, and hemorrhagic nasal discharge. The pathogenesis of S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection in dogs is poorly understood. This study systematically characterized the histopathological changes in the lungs of 39 dogs from a large rehoming shelter in London, United Kingdom; the dogs were infected with S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus. An objective scoring system demonstrated that S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus caused pneumonia in 26/39 (66.7%) dogs, and most of these dogs (17/26 [65.4%]) were classified as severe fibrino-suppurative, necrotizing, and hemorrhagic. Three recently described superantigen genes (szeF, szeN, and szeP) were detected by PCR in 17/47 (36.2%) of the S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus isolates; however, there was no association between the presence of these genes and the histopathological score. The lungs of S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus-infected dogs with severe respiratory signs and lung pathology did however have significantly higher mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) than in uninfected controls, suggesting a role for an exuberant host immune response in the pathogenesis of this disease.

scholarly journals Lead poisoning in cattle and chickens in the state of Pará, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1077-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Diomedes Barbosa ◽  
Henrique dos Anjos Bomjardim ◽  
Karinny Ferreira Campos ◽  
Marcos Dutra Duarte ◽  
Pedro Soares Bezerra Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Excessive Salivation ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

The present study describes the occurrence of lead poisoning in cattle and chickens in Pará, Brazil. In a lot composed of 80 calves from a dairy herd, 10 animals became sick and nine died, but one animal recovered after being removed from the paddock. Upon inspection of this paddock, the presence of truck batteries used to store energy captured by solar panels was found. The clinical signs observed in calves included difficult breathing, nasal discharge, excessive salivation, corneal opacity, pushing of the head against objects and recumbency. The chickens had decreased oviposition and produced eggs with thin or malformed shells. The necropsy findings of the cattle, as well as the histopathological changes observed, were of little significance except for one animal that showed mild astrocytosis histopathology in the cerebral cortex. In one of the chickens, renal histopathology showed mild multifocal acute tubular necrosis. The mean lead concentrations in the livers and kidneys of the cattle were 93.91mg/kg and 209.76mg/kg, respectively, and the mean concentration detected in chicken livers was 105.02mg/kg. It was concluded that the source of lead poisoning in these calves and chickens were the truck battery plates, which were within reach of the animals.

scholarly journals Pathological Changes Associated with Natural Outbreak of Swine Pasteurellosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamta Choudhary ◽  
Binod Kumar Choudhary ◽  
Ratan Chandra Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Pleural Thickening ◽  
Gram Staining

Swine pasteurellosis is usually observed in descript as well as nondescript pigs imparting in huge economic losses to the pig producers. The disease is characterized by pyrexia, dullness, staggering gait, anorexia, serous nasal discharge and dyspnoea. Case fatality rate may as high as 95% in adult animals and 100% in piglets. Typical lesions of oedematous swellings may remarkably visible in the pharyngeal region, these swellings spread to the ventral cervical region and brisket of pigs. Gross lesions include severe pneumonia and haemorrhages in lungs, petechial haemorrhages on serous membranes and other visceral organs. Lymph nodes usually get enlarged, oedematous and haemorrhagic. The blood smears from heart blood and tissue impression smears reveal teaming numbers of bipolar organisms indicating the presence of Pasteurella spp., the etiological organism. The bacteriological isolation and characterization of causative agent should be ruled out to identify by Gram’ staining for purity and bipolar morphology and biochemical characterization of the organisms. Molecular characterization necessitates to confirm Pasteurella multocida along with capsular types of the organism. Histopathological examination of lungs usually reveals typical fibrinous bronchopneumonia, multifocal suppuration and pleural thickening. Heart of some pigs may show presence of thrombi, haemorrhages and necrosed myocardium.

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