scholarly journals Lead poisoning in cattle and chickens in the state of Pará, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1077-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Diomedes Barbosa ◽  
Henrique dos Anjos Bomjardim ◽  
Karinny Ferreira Campos ◽  
Marcos Dutra Duarte ◽  
Pedro Soares Bezerra Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Excessive Salivation ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

The present study describes the occurrence of lead poisoning in cattle and chickens in Pará, Brazil. In a lot composed of 80 calves from a dairy herd, 10 animals became sick and nine died, but one animal recovered after being removed from the paddock. Upon inspection of this paddock, the presence of truck batteries used to store energy captured by solar panels was found. The clinical signs observed in calves included difficult breathing, nasal discharge, excessive salivation, corneal opacity, pushing of the head against objects and recumbency. The chickens had decreased oviposition and produced eggs with thin or malformed shells. The necropsy findings of the cattle, as well as the histopathological changes observed, were of little significance except for one animal that showed mild astrocytosis histopathology in the cerebral cortex. In one of the chickens, renal histopathology showed mild multifocal acute tubular necrosis. The mean lead concentrations in the livers and kidneys of the cattle were 93.91mg/kg and 209.76mg/kg, respectively, and the mean concentration detected in chicken livers was 105.02mg/kg. It was concluded that the source of lead poisoning in these calves and chickens were the truck battery plates, which were within reach of the animals.

Clinico-Haematological Alterations in Goats Affected with Ruminal Acidosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Chavelikar ◽  
G. C. Mandali ◽  
D. M. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Muscle Twitching ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Ruminal acidosis is one of the most important clinical emergencies in sheep and goats resulting into high mortality rate. In the present study, eight healthy farm goats and 24 goats presented to the TVCC of the college with clinical signs of ruminal acidosis like anorexia, tympany, increased pulse and respiratory rate, reduced body temperature, doughy rumen, enteritis, oliguria, grinding of teeth, purulent nasal discharge, muscle twitching, arched back, dehydration and recumbency with rumen liquor pH below 6 were examined for haematological alterations using autohaematoanalyzer. Among various haematological parameters evaluated from acidotic goats, the mean values of Hb (12.21±0.17 vs. 10.86±0.15 g/dl), TEC (14.28±0.16 vs. 12.04±0.36 ×106/ μl), TLC (13.43±0.11 vs. 11.11±0.27 ×103/μl), PCV (36.91±0.53 vs. 29.88±0.55%), neutrophils (64.54±0.93 vs. 28.13±0.92%), MCV (23.38±0.37 vs. 19.38±1.34 fl) and MCH (7.03±0.08 vs. 6.31±0.25 pg) were found significantly increased, while the mean values of lymphocytes (28.00±0.82 vs. 65.38±0.80%) and MCHC (24.55 ±0.26 vs. 34.88±0.97 g/dl) were decreased significantly from the base values of healthy goats. It was concluded that ruminal acidosis induced due to accidental heavy ingestion of readily fermentable carbohydrate rich grains and food waste significantly altered the haematological profile concurrent with clinical manifestations in goats, and hence can be used to assess the severity of the disease.

Clinical Significance of Cryofibrinogenemia: Possible Pathophysiological Link with Raynaud’s Phenomenon

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD S. SOYFOO ◽  
AHMED GOUBELLA ◽  
ELIE COGAN ◽  
JEAN-CLAUDE WAUTRECHT ◽  
ANNICK OCMANT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Primary Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Objective.To describe the clinical findings and prevalence of patients with cryofibrinogenemia (CF) and to determine whether CF is associated with primary Raynaud’s phenomenon.Methods.Between June 2006 and December 2009, 227 patients were tested for CF in a single university hospital. Forty-five patients with primary Raynaud’s phenomenon were tested for CF.Results.A total of 117 patients with CF without cryoglobulinemia were included. The main clinical manifestations included skin manifestations (50%) and arthralgia (35%). There were 67 patients with primary CF and 50 patients with secondary CF. There was no significant difference in the mean concentration of the cryoprecipitate in primary CF as compared to the secondary form (172 ± 18.6 vs 192 ± 20.9 mg/dl, respectively; p = 0.41). Highest concentrations of cryoprecipitate were observed in those containing fibrinogen only as compared to cryoprecipitates containing fibrinogen and fibronectin (301 ± 43.5 vs 125 ± 10.6 mg/dl; p < 0.001). Patients having skin necrosis (n = 3) had significantly higher values of cryofibrinogen compared to those without necrosis (638 ± 105 vs 160 ± 10.2 mg/dl; p = 0.0046). Among the 45 patients with primary Raynaud’s phenomenon, 36 had associated CF. There was no significant difference in the mean concentration of the cryoprecipitate in these patients compared to those with primary CF.Conclusion.There seems to be a significant correlation between cryofibrinogen concentration and the severity of the clinical signs, particularly when cryoprecipitate is composed of fibrinogen alone. CF might have a possible pathophysiological role in primary Raynaud’s phenomenon.

Clinical and Morpho-Molecular epidemiology of bovine theileriosis in Kashmir, India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Farooq ◽  
N. A. Tufani ◽  
H. U. Malik ◽  
M. S. Mir
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Lymph Node Biopsy ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Bovine Theileriosis ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears

Total 1683 cattle were screened for Theileria infections for one calendar year. The overall incidence was 4.34%. It was highest in summer (7.57%), followed by autumn (3.51%). Cattle above 2 years of age (6.19%) particularly Holstein Friesian Cross (5.81%), followed by Jersey Cross (2.77%) were highly infected. Female (4.49%) were mostly affected as compared to male (3.14%). Affected animals showed persistent high fever, tachycardia, tachypnea and reduced ruminal motility. Other important clinical signs were emaciation, swelling of pre-scapular lymph nodes, inappetence, pale mucous membranes or congested mucous membranes, occulo-nasal discharge, corneal opacity, presence of ticks, salivation, coughing and decreased milk production. The diagnostic efficacy of PCR was highest (100%, 73/73), followed by peripheral blood smears examination (93.15%, 68/73) and lymph node biopsy (49.31%, 36/73). There is a consistent increase in the incidence of bovine theileriosis which may be due climate change and import of carrier animals from the neighbouring states.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the canine nasal cavity and frontal sinus: eight cases

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS Rogers ◽  
MA Walker ◽  
RG Helman
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Frontal Sinus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Facial Deformity ◽  
Bone Lysis ◽  
The Mean

Squamous cell carcinoma of the canine nasal cavity and frontal sinus was diagnosed in eight cases between May 1988 and April 1994. The most common presenting complaints were nasal discharge, including epistaxis; sneezing; and facial deformity or exophthalmos. Metastasis was not identified in any case, but bone lysis and invasion into tissues outside the nasal cavity were noted in five cases. Computed tomograms were performed in five cases and were more useful than radiographs in determining the extent of neoplastic involvement. Euthanasia was performed within one week of diagnosis in three cases at the owner's request; one case died at home within one month; and the remaining four cases were euthanized within eight months due to progressive clinical signs. The mean survival time in these eight cases was three months, with a range of zero weeks to eight months.

scholarly journals Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Bison, Acute and Chronic Cases

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Schultheiss ◽  
James K. Collins ◽  
Laura E. Austgen ◽  
James C. DeMartini
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Elastic Membrane ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Malignant Catarrhal Fever ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Lymphoid Infiltrates ◽  
Viral Sequences

Acute malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) was diagnosed in 10 bison from 6 herds and ranging from 1 to 6 years of age. The pattern of clinical signs and morphologic lesions differed among bison. Combinations of corneal opacity, lacrimation, nasal discharge, depression, excess salivation, anorexia, diarrhea, melena, and hematuria were observed. Vasculitis characterized by lymphoid infiltrates in the adventia with variable extension into media and intima was found in multiple tissues in each animal. Fibrinoid vascular necrosis was rare. Ulceration in the alimentary tract was found in 9/10 bison, and ulceration or hemorrhage in the urinary bladder was found in 8/10 bison. Lymphoid infiltrates were present in 7 of 9 livers and 9 of 9 kidneys examined histologically. Hyperplasia of lymph nodes was observed in 5 bison. Chronic MCF was diagnosed in 1 bison with an 80-day course of illness that began with lacrimation, corneal opacity, mucoid nasal discharge, depression, and anorexia. These signs ceased after 15 days but circling and blindness developed on day 76. Chronic vascular lesions characterized by endothelial cell hypertrophy, intimal thickening, fragmentation of the internal elastic membrane, smooth muscle hypertrophy, and adventitial infiltrates of lymphocytes and plasma cells were found in many organs. The retinal arteries had chronic inflammation and acute transmural fibrinoid necrosis. The retinas were infarcted. Polymerase chain reaction technique for amplification of ovine herpesvirus 2 sequences was performed on formalin-fixed tissues, and viral sequences were detected in 1–7 tissues from each animal. These viral sequences were not found in tissues of 4 bison not affected by MCF.

scholarly journals Clinical Evaluation of Corridor Disease in Bos indicus (Boran) Cattle Naturally Infected With Buffalo-Derived Theileria parva

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. J. Cook ◽  
Tatjana Sitt ◽  
E. Jane Poole ◽  
Gideon Ndambuki ◽  
Stephen Mwaura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Theileria Parva ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

Corridor disease (CD) is a fatal condition of cattle caused by buffalo-derived Theileria parva. Unlike the related condition, East Coast fever, which results from infection with cattle-derived T. parva, CD has not been extensively studied. We describe in detail the clinical and laboratory findings in cattle naturally infected with buffalo-derived T. parva. Forty-six cattle were exposed to buffalo-derived T. parva under field conditions at the Ol Pejeta Conservancy, Kenya, between 2013 and 2018. The first signs of disease observed in all animals were nasal discharge (mean day of onset was 9 days post-exposure), enlarged lymph nodes (10 days post-exposure), and pyrexia (13.7 days post-exposure). Coughing and labored breathing were observed in more than 50% of animals (14 days post-exposure). Less commonly observed signs, corneal edema (22%) and diarrhea (11%), were observed later in the disease progression (19 days post-exposure). All infections were considered clinically severe, and 42 animals succumbed to infection. The mean time to death across all studies was 18.4 days. The mean time from onset of clinical signs to death was 9 days and from pyrexia to death was 4.8 days, indicating a relatively short duration of clinical illness. There were significant relationships between days to death and the days to first temperature (chi2 = 4.00, p = 0.046), and days to peak temperature (chi2 = 25.81, p = 0.001), animals with earlier onset pyrexia died sooner. These clinical indicators may be useful for assessing the severity of disease in the future. All infections were confirmed by the presence of macroschizonts in lymph node biopsies (mean time to parasitosis was 11 days). Piroplasms were detected in the blood of two animals (4%) and 20 (43%) animals seroconverted. In this study, we demonstrate the successful approach to an experimental field study for CD in cattle. We also describe the clinical progression of CD in naturally infected cattle, including the onset and severity of clinical signs and pathology. Laboratory diagnoses based on examination of blood samples are unreliable, and alternatives may not be available to cattle keepers. The rapid development of CD requires recognition of the clinical signs, which may be useful for early diagnosis of the disease and effective intervention for affected animals.

scholarly journals Field Observations and Genetic Characterization of Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Egypt, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Sahar Abd El Rahman ◽  
Ahmed Ateya ◽  
Mohamed El-Beskawy ◽  
Kerstin Wernike ◽  
Bernd Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Buccal Cavity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Malignant Catarrhal Fever ◽  
Field Observations

Ovine gammaherpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) causes a lethal disease in cattle and some wild ruminants called malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), which affects the epithelial and lymphoid tissues of the respiratory and digestive tracts and has an important impact on the livestock industry. In this study, MCF was diagnosed in 18 of 427 cattle from different sites in Egypt by its typical clinical signs, found in all 18 animals: corneal opacity, fever, erosions in the buccal cavity, lymphadenitis, and purulent nasal discharge. All affected cattle had been reared in contact with clinically inconspicuous sheep. Of the 18 clinically ill cattle, 13 succumbed to the disease, resulting in estimated morbidity and case fatality rates of 4.2% and 72.2%, respectively. Five samples collected from the affected cattle were positive for OvHV-2 by real-time PCR and were used for sequencing of an 832-bp fragment of the ORF27/gp48 gene. The ORF27 nucleotide sequence of all Egyptian samples was identical, but distinct from viruses found in other parts of Africa and the Mediterranean.

scholarly journals Clinical Study of the Disease of Calves Associated with Infection

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Stipkovits ◽  
P. Ripley ◽  
J. Varga ◽  
V. Pálfi
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Serological Examination ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Clinical, bacteriological and serological examination of 35 calves from the age of 5 to 26 days was performed in a Holstein-Friesian dairy herd endemically infected with Mycoplasma bovis. M. bovis was isolated from 48.6% of nasal swabs taken from the calves at the age of 5 days, and from 91.4% of the same calves at the age of 26 days, indicating the gradual spread of infection. The isolation rate of Pasteurella multocida did not change much, and varied from 28.6 to 25.7%. No P. haemolytica could be detected. In addition to M. bovis and P. multocida, the herd was also infected with different viruses (including bovine viral diarrhoea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine adenoviruses, parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus) as a large proportion of the sera of newborn calves contained colostral antibodies against these viruses. In most of the newborn calves severe clinical signs (fever, depression, inappetence, hyperventilation, dyspnoea, nasal discharge and coughing) due to M. bovis infection developed. The clinical signs appeared already on the fifth day of life, and their incidence was the highest at the age of 10 to 15 days. Three calves (8.6%) died as a result of severe serofibrinous pneumonia. The surviving calves showed very poor weight gain (ranging from 1.5 to 3.5 kg) during the first two weeks of life.

scholarly journals The effect of zinc deficiency on wool growth and skin and wool follicle histology of male Merino lambs

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. White ◽  
G. B. Martin ◽  
P. I. Hynd ◽  
R. E. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Respective Treatment ◽  
Wool Follicle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

The aims of this work were to quantify the requirements of Zn for wool growth in growing male Merino lambs, and to describe the histological lesions of Zn deficiency in skin and wool follicles. Four groups of male Merino lambs (n 4) weighing 22 kg were fed ad lib. for 96 d on diets that contained 4 (basal diet), 10, 17 or 27 mg Zn/kg. Sheep in a fifth group were fed on the diet containing 27 mg Zn/kg, but were pair-fed to sheep on the 4 mg Zn/kg diet. Zn was added to the basal diet as ZnSO4 to give the respective treatment concentrations. Sheep fed on the diet containing 4 mg Zn/kg showed clinical signs of Zn deficiency and lower feed intakes and wool growth than sheep in the other groups. Their wool fibres were improperly keratinized and the wool follicles contained a higher proportion of apoptotic bodies than other groups. There was no evidence of parakeratosis and the rate of bulb-cell production was not affected. Sheep from other groups showed no clinical signs of Zn deficiency, and mean feed intakes and growth rates did not differ significantly between sheep fed on diets containing 10, 17 or 27 mg Zn/kg. However, wool growth was reduced in sheep fed on the diet containing 10 mg Zn/kg compared with those fed on diets containing 17 or 27 mg/kg. The mean concentration of Zn in the plasma at which wool growth was 90 % of maximum was 0.5 mg/l. The equivalent value for the diet was 12 mg/kg, with 95 % confidence intervals of 8 to 16 mg/kg. The results suggest that Zn deficiency reduces wool growth through a specific mechanism, perhaps involving impaired protein synthesis.

Instant 99mTc-Labelled Glucoheptonate Kit for Kidney Imaging

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 (05) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Al-Hilli ◽  
H. M. A. Karim ◽  
M. H. S. Al-Hissoni ◽  
M. N. Jassim ◽  
N. H. Agha
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Organ Distribution ◽  
Stable Complex ◽  
Scintillation Camera ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Kidney Imaging ◽  
Mean Concentration

Gelchromatography column scanning has been used to study the fractions of reduced hydrolyzed 99mTc, 99mTc-pertechnetate and 99mTc-chelate in a 99mTc-glucoheptonate (GH) preparation. A stable high labelling yield of 99mTc-GH complex in the radiopharmaceutical has been obtained with a concentration of 40-50 mg of glucoheptonic acid-calcium salt and not less than 0.45 mg of SnCl2 2 H2O at an optimal pH between 6.5 and 7.0. The stability of the complex has been found significantly affected when sodium hydroxide solution was used for the pH adjustment. However, an alternative procedure for final pH adjustment of the preparation has been investigated providing a stable complex for the usual period of time prior to the injection. The organ distribution and the blood clearance data of 99mTc-GH in rabbits were relatively similar to those reported earlier. The mean concentration of the radiopharmaceutical in both kidneys has been studied in normal subjects for one hour with a scintillation camera and the results were satisfactory.

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