scholarly journals Effects of Backwashing on Granular Activated Carbon with Ammonium Removal Potential in a Full-Scale Drinking Water Purification Plant

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Niu ◽  
Ikuro Kasuga ◽  
Futoshi Kurisu ◽  
Hiroaki Furumai
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Drinking Water Purification ◽  
Purification Plant

Granular activated carbon (GAC) has been widely introduced to advanced drinking water purification plants to remove organic matter and ammonium. Backwashing, which is the routine practice for GAC maintenance, is an important operational factor influencing the performance of GAC and its microbial biomass. In this study, the effects of backwashing on the ammonium removal potential of GAC were evaluated. In addition, abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) on GAC were analyzed. GAC samples before and after backwashing were collected from a full-scale drinking water purification plant. Samplings were conducted before and after implementation of prechlorination of raw water. The results showed that the ammonium removal potential of the GAC increased by 12% after backwashing before prechlorination (p < 0.01). After implementing the prechlorination, the ammonium removal potential of the GAC decreased by 12% even after backwashing (p < 0.01). The AOA was predominant on the GAC in the two samplings. Regardless of prechlorination, the amounts of the AOA and the AOB remained at the same level before and after backwashing. Analysis of the backwashing water indicated that the amounts of the AOA and AOB washed out from the GAC were negligible (0.08%–0.26%) compared with their original amounts on the GAC. These results revealed the marginal role of backwashing on the biomass of ammonia oxidizers on GAC. However, the results also revealed that backwashing could have a negative impact on the ammonium removal potential of GAC during prechlorination.

scholarly journals CARVÃO ATIVADO GRANULAR IMPREGNADO COM ZINCO PARA REMOÇÃO DE BACTÉRIAS DA ÁGUA PARA CONSUMO HUMANO

e-xacta ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Flávia Sayuri Arakawa ◽  
Quelen Letícia Shimabuku ◽  
Priscila Ferri Coldebella ◽  
Franciele Pereira Camacho ◽  
Fernando Alves Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Drinking Water Purification ◽  
Filter Bed

<p align="justify">O carvão ativado granular impregnado com zinco (C/Zn) foi avaliado em relação à atividade antibacteriana para eliminação de micro-organismos na purificação de água para consumo humano. Os meios filtrantes produzidos a partir de C/Zn foram caracterizados através de técnicas instrumentais como análises de BET e difração de raios-X (DRX) para determinar a distribuição de poros e área superficial e as fases estruturais, respectivamente. Experimentos foram realizados em um sistema doméstico de purificação de água utilizando filtros com leito de carvão ativado granular sem impregnação e com impregnação de zinco nas concentrações de 1,0, 3,0, 5,0 e 10,0% (m/m). A atividade antibacteriana dos meios filtrantes foi avaliada em relação à eficiência de remoção de bactérias Escherichia coli da água. Foram preparadas soluções sintéticas com água deionizada contaminada artificialmente com uma concentração aproximada entre 1,0x105 a 9,0x106 UFC/100mL de Escherichia coli. Assim a eficiência bacteriológica dos meios filtrantes com C/Zn foi superior com o aumento da concentração de zinco impregnado no carvão ativado. O filtro com leito de carvão ativado impregnado com 10% de zinco apresentou a maior eficiência com remoção de Escherichia coli superior a 99% e melhorando a qualidade bacteriológica da água para consumo humano.</p><p align="justify">Abstract</p><p align="justify">Granular activated carbon impregnated with zinc (C/Zn) was evaluated for the antibacterial activity for elimination of micro-organisms in drinking water purification. The filter media produced from C/Zn were characterized by instrumental techniques such as the BET analyzes and x-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the pore distribution and surface area and structural phases, respectively. Experiments were performed in a household water purification system using filters with granular activated carbon bed without impregnation and impregnation with zinc in concentrations of 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0% (w/w). The antibacterial activity of the filter media was evaluated regarding to the removal efficiency of bacteria Escherichia coli of water. Synthetic solutions were prepared with deionized water contaminated artificially with an approximate concentration of 1.0 x105 to 9.0 x106 CFU/100mL of Escherichia coli. The efficiency bacteriological efficiency bacteriological of filter media with C/Zn was higher with increasing concentration of zinc impregnated on activated carbon.The filter bed of activated carbon impregnated with 10% of zinc showed the highest efficiency with removal of bacterial Escherichia coli higher than 98% and improving the bacteriological quality of drinking water.</p>

scholarly journals The Bacterial Communities of Full-Scale Biologically Active, Granular Activated Carbon Filters Are Stable and Diverse and Potentially Contain Novel Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (19) ◽  
pp. 6864-6872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. LaPara ◽  
Katheryn Hope Wilkinson ◽  
Jacqueline M. Strait ◽  
Raymond M. Hozalski ◽  
Michael J. Sadowksy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTThe bacterial community composition of the full-scale biologically active, granular activated carbon (BAC) filters operated at the St. Paul Regional Water Services (SPRWS) was investigated using Illumina MiSeq analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments. These bacterial communities were consistently diverse (Shannon index, >4.4; richness estimates, >1,500 unique operational taxonomic units [OTUs]) throughout the duration of the 12-month study period. In addition, only modest shifts in the quantities of individual bacterial populations were observed; of the 15 most prominent OTUs, the most highly variable population (aVariovoraxsp.) modulated less than 13-fold over time and less than 8-fold from filter to filter. The most prominent population in the profiles was aNitrospirasp., representing 13 to 21% of the community. Interestingly, very few of the known ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB; <0.07%) and no ammonia-oxidizingArchaeawere detected in the profiles. Quantitative PCR ofamoAgenes, however, suggested that AOB were prominent in the bacterial communities (amoA/16S rRNA gene ratio, 1 to 10%). We conclude, therefore, that the BAC filters at the SPRWS potentially contained significant numbers of unidentified and novel ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms that possessamoAgenes similar to those of previously described AOB.

scholarly journals Ceria modified activated carbon: an efficient arsenic removal adsorbent for drinking water purification

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1223-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radha Sawana ◽  
Yogesh Somasundar ◽  
Venkatesh Shankar Iyer ◽  
Babita Baruwati
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Modified Activated Carbon ◽  
Drinking Water Purification

A facile method to modify activated carbon fibers for drinking water purification

2019 ◽  
Vol 365 ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zuo ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Hong Zheng ◽  
Pengyi Zhang ◽  
Hongwei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Activated Carbon Fibers ◽  
Drinking Water Purification

An Estimation of Safety of Ozonation and Chlorination of a Water Purification Plant

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2385-2388 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sato ◽  
H. Yamamori ◽  
H. Matsuda ◽  
H. Nagase ◽  
H. Kito
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Sos Chromotest ◽  
Purification Plant ◽  
Mutagenic Compound

We investigated the effect of ozonation and chlorination on the mutagenic activity of humic substances. SOS Chromotest was used for mutagenic test. The mutagenic activity decreased, but couldnotberemoved perfectly. Glyoxal, which is known as the strong mutagenic compound produced by ozonation, was not decomposed at equal amounts of chlorine to the chlorine consumption, but decomposed to 10 % at 5 times. Also, granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration was performed, but it was not effective.

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