scholarly journals The Upwelling Groundwater Flow in the Karst Area of Grassano-Telese Springs (Southern Italy)

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Fiorillo ◽  
Guido Leone ◽  
Mauro Pagnozzi ◽  
Vittorio Catani ◽  
Giovanni Testa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Unconfined Aquifer ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Karst Springs ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Different Types

The hydraulic phenomenon of upwelling groundwater flow affecting the karst area of the Grassano-Telese springs (southern Italy) has been investigated through piezometric measurements, discharge, and chemical–physical monitoring of springs, radon activity included. Locally, both large karst springs and sulfurous thermal springs are closely located, and raise several questions on their origin. In this study, the phenomenon of the upwelling flow is supported by different types of evidences: Amazing density of sinkholes connected to hypogenic speleogenesis processes, constancy of temperature, and hydraulic conductivity of spring water, change of radon activity during the hydrological year, increasing of the hydraulic head with depth. Numerical code provides an estimation of the upwelling phenomenon in an unconfined aquifer feeding the karst springs, using MODFLOW tools. Based on the results reached, the phenomenon of the upwelling flow is able to explain the hydrological processes observed in the Telese karst area.

scholarly journals Hydrogeology of the Karst Area of the Grassano and Telese Springs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Leone ◽  
Mauro Pagnozzi ◽  
Vittorio Catani ◽  
Giovanni Testa ◽  
Libera Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Alluvial Plain ◽  
Discharge Zone ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
General Phenomenon ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Time Fluctuation ◽  
Geomorphic Processes

This work deals with the hydraulic phenomenon of the ascendant groundwater flow affecting the karst area of the Grassano and Telese springs (Campania, Southern Italy). It has been investigated through piezometric measurements, discharge and chemical-physical monitoring of springs and measurements of the radon 222Rn activity. The presence of ascendant flows is supported by numerous and different types of evidences in the area: location and topographical position of the springs; amazing density of sinkholes connected to geomorphic processes that develop below the topographic surface and involve the rising of CO2 and H2S rich waters; constancy of the temperature and the electrical conductivity of the spring waters over the time; fluctuation of the radon activity during the hydrological year; increasing of the hydraulic head with depth; presence of artesian conditions in the alluvial plain. Numerical simulations of the groundwater flow also support the general phenomenon of the ascendant flow in the discharge area and represent a useful background to interpret hydrological phenomena in the study area. The results of the simulations are suitable with all the hydrogeological processes observed in the area of the Grassano and Telese springs; this last is thought to belong to the regional groundwater flow system of the Matese massif and represents its discharge zone.

scholarly journals A Steady-State Model to Simulate Groundwater Flow in Unconfined Aquifer

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Pagnozzi ◽  
Gianluca Coletta ◽  
Guido Leone ◽  
Vittorio Catani ◽  
Libera Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Unconfined Aquifer ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Saturated Zone ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Spring Catchment

The hydraulic and hydrogeological features of the Caposele aquifer have been investigated by using a numerical groundwater flow model. In particular, groundwater flow simulations were performed for a multilayered, unconfined aquifer in steady-state conditions for different thicknesses of the aquifer’s saturated zone. The Caposele groundwater model was carried out starting from a generic model drained by a unique spring outlet in accordance with the geo-hydrological features of the study area. The conceptual model was built considering hydrogeological features of spring catchment, and was then implemented with the MODFLOW numerical code. A combined 2D-3D approach was adopted, and the model was calibrated on borehole data available for the time period 2012–2019. Different thicknesses of the aquifer were set, and a reliable relationship was found between the hydraulic head, saturated zone and hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. Using the MODPATH package, the mean travel time (Darcian) of groundwater was computed for five different scenarios, corresponding to the model’s depths; the analysis that was performed shows that the travel time is higher for a greater and lower for a smaller thickness of the aquifer’s saturated zone, respectively. The Caposele aquifer model was zoned in different sectors, named flow pipe areas, that play different roles in groundwater recharge-discharge processes. A vector analysis was also carried out in order to highlight the ascendant flow near the spring zone.

scholarly journals Geological and groundwater flow model of a submarine groundwater discharge site at Hanko (Finland), northern Baltic Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samrit Luoma ◽  
Juha Majaniemi ◽  
Arto Pullinen ◽  
Juha Mursu ◽  
Joonas J. Virtasalo
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Submarine Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Local Geometry ◽  
Groundwater Flow Model ◽  
Submarine Groundwater

AbstractThree-dimensional geological and groundwater flow models of a submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) site at Hanko (Finland), in the northern Baltic Sea, have been developed to provide a geological framework and a tool for the estimation of SGD rates into the coastal sea. The dataset used consists of gravimetric, ground-penetrating radar and shallow seismic surveys, drill logs, groundwater level monitoring data, field observations, and a LiDAR digital elevation model. The geological model is constrained by the local geometry of late Pleistocene and Holocene deposits, including till, glacial coarse-grained and fine-grained sediments, post-glacial mud, and coarse-grained littoral and aeolian deposits. The coarse-grained aquifer sediments form a shallow shore platform that extends approximately 100–250 m offshore, where the unit slopes steeply seawards and becomes covered by glacial and post-glacial muds. Groundwater flow preferentially takes place in channel-fill outwash coarse-grained sediments and sand and gravel interbeds that provide conduits of higher hydraulic conductivity, and have led to the formation of pockmarks on the seafloor in areas of thin or absent mud cover. The groundwater flow model estimated the average SGD rate per square meter of the seafloor at 0.22 cm day−1 in autumn 2017. The average SGD rate increased to 0.28 cm day−1 as a response to an approximately 30% increase in recharge in spring 2020. Sensitivity analysis shows that recharge has a larger influence on SGD rate compared with aquifer hydraulic conductivity and the seafloor conductance. An increase in recharge in this region will cause more SGD into the Baltic Sea.

Microbial impact of different types of municipal wastewaters used to irrigate nectarines in Southern Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Alessandro Vivaldi ◽  
Salvatore Camposeo ◽  
Pietro Rubino ◽  
Antonio Lonigro
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Municipal Wastewaters

scholarly journals Groundwater flow to a horizontal or slanted well in an unconfined aquifer

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 13-1-13-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbin Zhan ◽  
Vitaly A. Zlotnik
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Unconfined Aquifer

Flow pattern and residence time of conduit flow and diffuse flow in calcareous sandstones (Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, Czech Republic)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Kůrková ◽  
Jiří Bruthans
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Tracer Tests ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Karst Springs ◽  
Bohemian Cretaceous Basin

<p>Localities containing karst features were studied in the northwestern part of Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. Namely Turnov area in facies transition between coarse-delta sandstones and marlstones (Jizera Formation, Turonian) and Miskovice area in limestones and sandy limestones - sandstones (Peruc-Korycany Formation, Cenomanian). Evolution of karst conduits is discussed elsewhere (Kůrková et al. 2019).</p><p>In both localities, disappearing streams, caves and karst springs with maximum discharge up to 100 L/s were documented. Geology and hydrogeology of this area was studied from many points of view to describe formation of karst conduits and characterize groundwater flow. Tracer tests were performed using NaCl and Na-fluoresceine between sinkholes and springs under various flow rates to evaluate residence times of water in conduits and to describe geometry of conduits. Breatkthrough curves of tracer tests were evaluated by means of Qtracer2 program (Field 2002). Groundwater flow velocity in channels starts at 0.6 km/day during low water levels up to 15 km/day during maximum water levels, the velocity increases logarithmically as a function of discharge. Similar karst conduits probably occur in other parts of Bohemian Cretaceous Basin where lot of large springs can be found.</p><p>Mean residence time of difussed flow based on tritium, CFC and SF<sub>6</sub> sampled at karst springs is 20 years for 75% of water and 100 years for remaining 25%, based on binary mixing dispersion model. This shows that most of the water drained by karst conduits is infiltrated through the soil and fractured environment with relatively high residence time. Residence times in different types of wells and springs were also measured in whole north-western part of Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. Results indicate long residence times in semi-stagnant zones represented by monitoring wells and short residence times in preferential zones represented by springs and water-supply wells.</p><p> </p><p>Research was funded by the Czech Science Foundation (GA CR No. 19-14082S), Czech Geological Survey – internal project 310250</p><p> </p><p>Field M. (2002): The QTRACER2 program for Tracer Breakthrough Curve Analysis for Tracer Tests in Karstic Aquifers and Other hydrologic Systems. – U.S. Environmental protection agency hypertext multimedia publication in the Internet at http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=54930.</p><p>Kůrková I., Bruthans J., Balák F., Slavík M., Schweigstillová J., Bruthansová J., Mikuš P., Grundloch J. (2019): Factors controlling evolution of karst conduits in sandy limestone and calcareous sandstone (Turnov area, Czech Republic). Journal of Hydrology: 574: 1062-1073</p>

scholarly journals Flood history in the karst environment of Castellana-Grotte (Apulia, southern Italy)

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Parise
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Karst Environment ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Town

Abstract. Karst environments are characterized by peculiar hydrologic features, and in particular by a very limited, if not absent, surface hydrography. Water tends to infiltrate rapidly underground through the complex network of fractures and karstic conduits in the rock mass. However, on the occasion of concentrated rainfall, as well as in case of prolonged precipitation, such network might not be able to allow flowing of large amounts of water, which causes the occurrence of floods. This contribution illustrates the flood history in a classical karst area of Southern Italy, the town of Castellana-Grotte, in Apulia. The oldest part of the town lies at the bottom of a karst valley, which was hit by many flood events in the last centuries. More than twenty of these are here documented, starting from critical analysis of existing publications and documents, integrated with additional historical researches. Aimed at reconstructing the flood history at Castellana-Grotte, the best-documented events are described, together with the main factors, which played a role in distribution and gravity of the related damage. Eventually some engineering works realized during the first decades of the last century, in order to avoid further damage on the occasion of catastrophic floods, are also described.

scholarly journals Hydrogeological Conceptual Model in the Middle of Randublatung Groundwater Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 (1) ◽  
pp. 012078
Author(s):  
D L Setyaningsih ◽  
K D Setyawan ◽  
D P E Putra ◽  
Salahuddin
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Unconfined Aquifer ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
The North ◽  
Shallow Wells ◽  
Groundwater Basin ◽  
Constant Head

Abstract Randublatung groundwater basin is one of the groundwaters basins with massive utilization of groundwater pumping. However, the knowledge of the comprehensive hydrogeological system in this groundwater basin is limited, so this research aims to determine a comprehensive hydrogeological conceptual model of the Randublatung groundwater basin. The methodology was conducted by collecting secondary and primary data of deep and shallow wells to evaluate boundaries of pattern and direction of groundwater flow and develop the aquifer system’s geometry. The result shows that the groundwater flow boundaries are Grogol River in the west, Wado River in the East, Bengawan Solo river in the South as a river boundary, and Rembang Mountains in the North as a constant head boundary. Therefore, groundwater flows from the hills area to the Bengawan Solo River and the north as the river’s flow. Based on the log bor evaluation, the aquifer system of the study area consist of an unconfined aquifer with a maximum thickness of 20 m and three layers of confined aquifers with thickness vary between 8 to 60 m. the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifers depends on the aquifer’s lithology range from sand, gravel, limestone, and sandstone. This hydrogeological conceptual model provides essential information for numerical groundwater models in the middle of the Randublatung groundwater basin.

scholarly journals A new model of groundwater flow within an unconfined aquifer: Application of Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 3227-3247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Aime Feulefack ◽  
◽  
Jean Daniel Djida ◽  
Atangana Abdon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Derivative ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Unconfined Aquifer ◽  
New Model
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