Identifikasi dan Pencegahan Daerah Rawan Bencana Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Gambut Di Kalimantan Barat

Kalimantan Barat memiliki potensi bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan gambut yang tinggi karena banyaknya titik api dan jenis lahan gambut yang mudah terbakar pada musim kemarau. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memetakan dan menentukan kecenderungan titik pamas dan mengidentifikasi dan mencegah kawasan rawan kebakaran hutan dan lahan gambut dengan data hotspot, peta curah hujan, peta tutupan lahan, peta kesatuan hidrologis gambut, dan peta cekungan air tanah menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis atau SIG. Metode overlap digunakan untuk menganalisis kecenderungan titik panas sedangkan Overlay dan Scoring digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi kawasan rawan kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Setelah dilakukan analisis titik panas, terdapat kecenderungan curah hujan pada kelas curah hujan 1.500-3.000 mm/tahun dengan 2.192 kejadian. Perubahan tutupan lahan di kawasan hutan mengalami penurunan sebesar 7,96%. Peningkatan tutupan lahan di kawasan non-hutan sebesar 11,26%, mempengaruhi potensi dan kecenderungan titik api dan bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Kubu Raya memiliki tingkat kerawanan bencana kebakaran pada kelas sangat rawan dengan luasan 0,26%, dan Kapuas Hulu memiliki tingkat kerawanan bencana kebakaran pada kelas tidak rawan dengan luas 0,19%. Kabupaten Ketapang merupakan daerah dengan tingkat pencegahan tertinggi, dengan luas cekungan airtanah sebesar 26,46%.ABSTRACTWest Kalimantan has a high potential for forest and peatland fire disasters due to the high number of hotspots and the type of peatland which burns easily during the dry season. The purpose of this research is to map and determine the trend of hotspots and areas prone to forest and peatland fires and prevent them with hotspot data, rainfall maps, land cover maps, maps of peat hydrological units, and maps of groundwater basins using Geographic Information Systems or GIS. The overlap method is used to analyze the trend of hotspots; meanwhile, Overlay and Scoring are used to identify areas prone to forest and land fires in this research. After analyzing the hotspots, there is a tendency for rainfall with a class of 1,500-3,000mm/year with 2,192 events. Land cover change in forested areas decreased by 7.96%. It increased land cover in non-forest areas by 11.26%, affecting the potential and tendency of hotspots and forest and land fire disasters. Kubu Raya has a fire disaster vulnerability level in the very vulnerable class with an area of 0.26%, and Kapuas Hulu has a fire disaster vulnerability level in the non-prone class with an area of 0.19%. Ketapang Regency is the area with the highest prevention rate, with a groundwater basin area of 26.46%.

Determination Of Groundwater Recharge Area In Raimanuk And Surroundings, Timor Island

The Raimanuk area in Timor, East Nusa Tenggara, is located in the Aroki Groundwater Basin. The decreasing quality and potential groundwater availability in the Aroki Groundwater Basin is feared due to its widespread use for household needs and agriculture. The lack of the groundwater recharge area map will pose an obstacle in policymaking regarding the management and preparation of spatial conservation areas in the Raimanuk Region. This study aims to determine the zone and classification of groundwater recharge areas in the Raimanuk area based on spatial data analysis. The groundwater recharge area can be determined using slope, river flow patterns, spring emergence, and groundwater table depth. The classification of the recharge area uses a scoring approach with an overlapping analysis of the parameter assessments, which are hydraulic conductivity, precipitation, soil cover, slope, and depth of unconfined groundwater. The result of the study is the groundwater recharge area map of Raimanuk. The groundwater recharge area is located in the Mandeu Hill area, which is the main recharge area. The groundwater discharge area is located in the Aroki plain area that can be the main recharge area.

Assessment of groundwater utilization in the Bandung-Soreang groundwater basin based on non-domestic water demand planning standards

The need for water in various human activities increases with population, agriculture, and industry. The utilization of surface water is a priority to meet water demands. However, if access to surface water cannot be fulfilled, then the fulfillment of water demands will shift to groundwater. The research was conducted by calculating the standard of water demands for industrial activities based on the ministry of public works and housing standards. The first calculation is carried out by calculating water demand through the industrial land area in the research location and multiplied by the standard of water demand for non-domestic water demands. The second standard water demand calculation is the equivalent percentage of domestic water demands as non-domestic water demands. The first calculation method explains that West Bandung Regency had exceeded the maximum value of the standard water demands. In the second calculation method, Cimahi City, Sumedang Regency, and West Bandung Regency had exceeded the maximum value of water demand standards. Further research is needed regarding the collecting data of distribution and volume of groundwater utilization by unregistered wells. It is to explain actual groundwater utilization for domestic and non-domestic in Bandung-Soreang Groundwater Basin. So that water resources management can be carried out comprehensively.

Groundwater Resources Estimation in the Middle of Randublatung Groundwater Basin Based on Geoelectrical Investigation

The high groundwater use in the Randublatung Groundwater Basin area relates to groundwater abstraction for agriculture. Therefore, a question arises on how much groundwater resources in this area may support agricultural groundwater usage. This research has the objective to quantify the groundwater resources in this area. This research conducts a geoelectrical investigation to identify the aquifer’s lithology and observe the groundwater level. The research reveals that resistivity values of subsurface rock layers in the research area range from 0.13 to 124.86 Ωm. The aquifer layer consisted of two aquifer systems, with the hydraulic conductivity varies of the aquifer layer is 0.0001 cm/s until 0.01 cm/s. The aquifer layers estimated to be found at depths vary 5 – 90 m from the ground with thickness range from 10 to 70 m. Meanwhile, the aquiclude layers consisted of clay, silty clay, and sandy clay was estimated to be found at depths varies 0 – 50 m from the ground with thickness varies from 5 to 65 m. by combining those data with a hydraulic gradient of groundwater flow, the dynamic groundwater resources in the research area is estimated between 50 m3/day and 4,691 m3/day.

Hydrogeological Conceptual Model in the Middle of Randublatung Groundwater Basin

Randublatung groundwater basin is one of the groundwaters basins with massive utilization of groundwater pumping. However, the knowledge of the comprehensive hydrogeological system in this groundwater basin is limited, so this research aims to determine a comprehensive hydrogeological conceptual model of the Randublatung groundwater basin. The methodology was conducted by collecting secondary and primary data of deep and shallow wells to evaluate boundaries of pattern and direction of groundwater flow and develop the aquifer system’s geometry. The result shows that the groundwater flow boundaries are Grogol River in the west, Wado River in the East, Bengawan Solo river in the South as a river boundary, and Rembang Mountains in the North as a constant head boundary. Therefore, groundwater flows from the hills area to the Bengawan Solo River and the north as the river’s flow. Based on the log bor evaluation, the aquifer system of the study area consist of an unconfined aquifer with a maximum thickness of 20 m and three layers of confined aquifers with thickness vary between 8 to 60 m. the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifers depends on the aquifer’s lithology range from sand, gravel, limestone, and sandstone. This hydrogeological conceptual model provides essential information for numerical groundwater models in the middle of the Randublatung groundwater basin.

Biodiversity of Rambut Cave Sale Central Java

Rembang zone karst area stretches from Central Java to Madura Islands. This area is the most significant water or groundwater basin (CAT) area in Rembang Regency, often known as Watuputih Mountains or Karst Area. Watuputih Groundwater Basin is a karst area that is characterized by the formation of several caves. Rambut Cave is one of the caves in Watuputih area located to the east of Watuputih with coordinate’s point −6.8783, 111.5534. There are seven types of flora found in the Rambut Cave, namely Horseshoe Bats, Bent-Wing Bats, Ants, Geckos and Crickets, Forest Grasshoppers, and Snails. While the flora was found, there are six types of Bauhinia scandens, Suweg, Mahogany, Drypetes littoralis, Yellow Palm, and Teak trees. The study results obtained the Flora Diversity Index Value H=0.687, which belongs to the low category, and the value of Fauna Diversity Index H’=1.414, which belongs to the medium category.

Developing a groundwater conservation area using analytical hierarchy process in Randublatung groundwater basin

Randublatung Groundwater Basin is a cross-regional Groundwater Basin located in Central Java with an area of 203 Km2. The increase of population in this area led to the increasing need for groundwater not only for freshwater sources and consumption but also for agriculture and industrial needs. The rise of uncontrolled groundwater usage can result in pollution and degradation in the quality and quantity of groundwater. There need to be conservation efforts to maintain the sustainability of groundwater utilization. This study aims to determine conservation zones and management priorities in the Randublatung groundwater basin area. Conservation zones are determined based on the value of their parameters: (a) availability and potential of groundwater, (b) groundwater depletion, (c) changes in groundwater quality, (d) land use, (e) aquifer characteristics, (f) prioritization of groundwater protection areas, and (g) water use. Those parameters are weighed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and then overlaid corresponding to the weight of the parameter to acquire the matrix of conservation zones. The results indicate the type of lithology in the research area was an alluvial deposit—the development of the data processing presented in the form of a map of groundwater. There are four types of conservation zones in a confined aquifer, i.e., secured, vulnerable, and critical.