scholarly journals Effects of Water Stress on Fluorescence Parameters and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Drip Irrigation in Rice

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Xiaopeng Ma ◽  
Tingbo Lv ◽  
Meng Bai ◽  
Zelin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Use Efficiency

To study the effects of water stress on the fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic characteristics of rice under drip irrigation and mulching, so as to determine the response mechanisms to water stress during the tillering stage. A two-year trial was carried out at Shihezi University, China. Three water gradients were investigated. The results showed that the chlorophyll content (a + b), photosynthetic rate (Pn), and leaf area index (LAI) decreased with decreasing soil moisture content at the tillering stage. The chlorophyll content (a + b) and Pn in the flooding irrigation (CK) treatment were significantly higher than those in the stress treatments, and the chlorophyll content (a + b) and Pn in the W1 and W2 treatments were significantly lower than those in the other treatments. The maximum LAI of the CK, W1, and W2 treatments were similar, while the W3 produced lower values; stress treatment improved the ability of tillering in the early and middle stages, while the decrease in soil water content in the tillering stage resulted in a decrease in the final tillering rate; drought stress in the tillering stage resulted in decreased rice yields. The yield of the W1 and W2 treatments were similar, while that of the W3 treatment was seriously reduced. The main reasons for the reduction in yield was the significant decrease in the number of effective panicles, the seed setting rate, and a decrease in the 1000-grains weight. Water consumption in the stress treatments decreased by 51.69%–58.78% compared to the CK treatment; water-use efficiency in the CK treatment was only 0.25 kg·m−3, and the water-use efficiency of the stress treatments increased by 40%–72%. We should make full use of the compensation effect of drought stress in the water regulation of drip irrigation in covered rice and adopt the water control measure of the W2 treatment in the tillering stage. These measures are conducive to improving water-use efficiency and achieving the goal of high quality, high yield, and high efficiency.

scholarly journals Subsoiling Improves the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Leaves and Water Use Efficiency of Rainfed Summer Maize in the Southern Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Wenming Wu ◽  
Shiji Wang ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Jincai Li ◽  
Youhong Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Use Efficiency

In the southern Huang-Huai-Hai (HHH) region, China, maize production is frequently threatened by waterlogging at the seedling stage and by drought at the big flare stage. A two-year field experiment was performed to explore whether subsoiling (SS) in the winter wheat season could improve the photosynthetic capacity and increase the water use efficiency (WUE) of summer maize using the variety, Luyu9105. A split design was adopted in the experiment. The main plots used tillage practices, including SS and rotary tillage (RT). The subplots consisted of two irrigation methods, i.e., applied supplemental irrigation at the big flare stage (I) and no irrigation at the big flare stage (NI). The results showed that the SS treatment significantly increased soil water content (SWC) in the 40–60 cm soil layer. The SS treatment improved green leaf area index (gLAI) by 15.1%–30.2%, and enhanced the ear-leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (ci) and transpiration rate (Tr), and was accompanied by an increase in the grain-filling duration (T) by 5 days and the mean grain-filling rate (Va). The SS treatment decreased the stomatal limitation (Ls), indicating that RT treatment, which was under lower SWC, led to a decrease in Pn. Applied supplemental irrigation under RT treatment was able to compensate for the growth of leaves, but could not reverse the decreasing trend in the gLAI. Ultimately, the SS treatment improved WUE by 9.1%–9.9%, and increased grain yields by 10.0%–29.3%. Therefore, this study showed that in the southern Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, which has a yellow cinnamon soil type, the practice of SS can improve the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves and WUE of rainfed summer maize.

scholarly journals Interaction Effects of Nitrogen Source and Irrigation Regime on Tuber Quality, Yield, and Water Use Efficiency of Solanum tuberosum L.

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. M. Eid ◽  
Ali A. Abdel-Salam ◽  
Haythum M. Salem ◽  
Samira E. Mahrous ◽  
Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
N Source ◽  
Use Efficiency

Two field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of three drip irrigation regimes (G1: 120% crop evapotranspiration (ETc), G2: 100% ETc, and G3: 80% ETc) and four nitrogen (N) source treatments (S0: non-fertilized; S1: urea, S2: ammonium nitrate, and S3: ammonium sulfate on water consumption use, water utilization efficiency, chlorophyll, yield and tubers quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.; cv Diamond) under a drip irrigation system during two successive winter seasons (2015/16 and 2016/17)). Nitrogen fertilization was applied at 380 kg ha−1 as standard application for potato in the investigated area. The highest tubers yield was obtained from potato grown with G1 S2 (65.8 Mg ha−1), G1 S3 (63.6 Mg ha−1), G2 S2 (64.1 Mg ha−1), and G2 S3 (62.4 Mg ha−1), while the lowest tubers yield was obtained from potato grown with G3 S0 (10.1 Mg ha−1) and G2S0 (17.4 Mg ha−1). Different treatments of N source resulted in a significant increase for water use efficiency (WUtE) compared with unfertilized treatment. For the interaction effect, the highest WUtE was obtained from potato grown with G3 S2 (18.1 kg m−3), followed by G3 S3 (17.6 kg m−3), while the lowest WUtE was obtained from plants grown with G3S0 (3.0 kg m−3). However, the highest chlorophyll content was obtained from plants grown with G1 and any N source, followed by G2S1-3, while the lowest chlorophyll content was obtained from those grown with G3S0. The highest N, S, protein, and P contents in tubers were obtained from plants grown with G3S3, G3S2, and G2S2, while the highest K content in tubers was obtained from plants grown with G1S1 and G1S2. In concussion, the integrative effects of G1 or G2 with S2 or S3 is recommended for high productivity, while the integrative effects of G3S3 and G3S2 are recommended for high quality tubers.

scholarly journals Seed quality, water use efficiency and eco physiological characteristics of Lallemantia (Lallemantia sp.) species as effected by soil moisture content

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Mina ABDOLAHI ◽  
Saeideh MALEKI FARAHANI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

<p>This study investigated the effect of drought stress on the yield, water use efficiency (WUE), physiology, and seed quality of two species Lallemantia sp. Field experiments with three irrigation regimes were carried out in a split plot factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included irrigation after 40 %, 60 %, and 100 % depletion of available soil water (ASW) (I40, I60, and I100, respectively) as main plots and Lallemantia species L. iberica (M. Bieb.) Fisch. &amp; C. A. Mey. (S1) and L. royleana Benth. in Wall (S2) as subplots. Increment in depletion of ASW (I40 to I100) resulted in progressively less chlorophyll a content (Chl­ a), open stomata percentage (OS), and leaf area index (LAI). The highest Chl­ a and LAI were found to be 0.0087­ mg g−1, and 2.68 mg g−1 leaf mass in I40 treatment, respectively, while closed stomata percentage (CS) increased significantly as drought stress increased. The results of this experiment indicated that the appropriate yield of production was obtained in plots which were fully irrigated (I40) for all species of Lallemantia; however, the WUE increased as drought stress increased. The interaction of drought stress, Lallemantia species with grain yield and WUE was significant.</p>

Photosynthetic Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency ofThuja sutchuenensisFranch. During Water Stress and Recovery

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Jiang-Qun JIN ◽  
Quan-Shui GUO ◽  
Li ZHU ◽  
Ge-Xi XU ◽  
Jian-Feng LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Use Efficiency

Water stress and watertable depth influence yield, water use efficiency, and nitrogen recovery in bell pepper: lysimeter studies

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dalla Costa ◽  
G. Gianquinto
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency

Lysimeters of size 1.5 by 1.5 by 1.5 m, containing a loamy soil, were used to study the effects of both water stress during the reproductive stage and underground water supply on bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Continuous water stress treatments were obtained providing irrigation equal to 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, and 120% of maximum evapotranspiration (ET), evenly applied from flowering to end of the season. Another set of treatments involved a transient drought stress imposed by withholding 80 mm of irrigation, based on ET, beginning at 2 growth stages (early fruit set, or mid fruit growth). A well-watered control (irrigated restoring the entire ET) was included for comparison. The underground water supply treatments involved 3 permanent watertable depths (0.40, 0.70, and 1.10 m below soil surface) and one variable depth increasing from 0.40 to 1.30 m. Continuous water stress significantly reduced total fresh weight of fruit, which was linearly related to the water consumption. The highest marketable yield was found at irrigation of 120% ET; the lowest at 40% ET. Marketable yield did not differ among 60%, 80%, and 100% ET. Withholding water during early fruit set restricted fruit yield significantly, whereas plants undergoing drought later in fruit growth yielded as well as the well-watered control. Total fruit yield with a shallow watertable (0.40 m depth) was comparable to above-ground irrigation restoring 100% ET, but marketable yield was significantly reduced. Highest marketable yield was obtained with watertable at 0.7 m depth, but was reduced by lowering watertable depth. The lower yield observed in water shortage conditions was generally due to a reduced fruit number. In most cases, water use efficiency decreased with increasing water consumption, but was not affected by transient drought stress. Crop nitrogen content was the highest when irrigation provided 100% and 120% ET restoration. It was significantly reduced only by both 40% ET and watertable irrigated treatments. Generally, a shallow watertable allowed less nitrogen rescue than a deeper one. The critical period for water was identified between the beginning of fruit set and first maturing fruits when soil water potential should be maintained above –0.02 MPa.

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