scholarly journals Accurate Evaluation of Sea Surface Temperature Cooling Induced by Typhoons Based on Satellite Remote Sensing Observations

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1413
Author(s):  
Jiagen Li ◽  
Liang Sun ◽  
Yuanjian Yang ◽  
Hao Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Mixed Layer Depth ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Sst Cooling ◽  
The Impact

We introduce a novel method to accurately evaluate the satellite-observed sea surface temperature (SST) cooling induced by typhoons with complex tracks, which is widely used but only roughly calculated in previous studies. This method first records the typhoon forcing period and the SST response grid by grid, then evaluates the SST cooling in each grid by choosing the maximum decrease in SST within this time period. This grid-based flexible forcing date method can accurately evaluate typhoon-induced SST cooling and its corresponding date in each grid, as indicated by applying the method to the irregular track of Typhoon Lupit (2009) and three sequential typhoons in 2016 (Malakas, Megi, and Chaba). The method was used to accurately calculate the impact of Typhoon Megi by removing the influence of the other two typhoons. The SST cooling events induced by all typhoons in the northwest Pacific from 2004 to 2018 were extracted well using this method. Our findings provide new insights for accurately calculating the response of the ocean using multi-satellite remote sensing and simulation data, including the sea surface salinity, sea surface height, mixed layer depth, and the heat content of the upper levels of the ocean.

Experience in developing a method for long-term forecasting of the ice breakup time for the Vyatka River basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Y.A Pavroz . ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Geopotential Height ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
River Ice ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Ice Breakup ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Breakup Time

An attempt is made to develop a method for long-term forecasting of the ice breakup time for the Vyatka River basin, to identify the impact of the distribution of sea surface temperature and geopotential height in the informative regions at the levels H100 and H500 over the Northern Hemisphere on the river ice breakup. The location and boundaries of the informative regions in the fields of H100 and H500 were revealed by the discriminant analysis, the EOF expansion coefficients of the fields of anomalies of monthly mean values of H100 and H500 for January and February and the anomalies of monthly mean sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific were used as potential predictors. The stepwise regression analysis allowed deriving good and satisfactory (S/σ = 0.45–0.73) complex prognostic equations for forecasting the ice breakup time for the Vyatka River basin. The essential influence of H100 and H500 geopotential height fields and the spatial distribution of sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific in January and February on the river ice breakup time is revealed. It is proposed to improve the method by considering the impact of air temperature, maximum ice thickness per winter, and other indirect characteristics on the processes of river ice breakup in the Vyatka River basin. Keywords: ice regime, long-range forecast, river ice breakup, expansion coefficients, geopotential height fields, spring ice phenomena, energy-active zones of the oceans, complex prognostic equation

Experience in developing a method for long-term forecasting of the ice breakup time for the Vyatka River basin

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Y.A Pavroz . ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Geopotential Height ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
River Ice ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Ice Breakup ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Breakup Time

An attempt is made to develop a method for long-term forecasting of the ice breakup time for the Vyatka River basin, to identify the impact of the distribution of sea surface temperature and geopotential height in the informative regions at the levels H100 and H500 over the Northern Hemisphere on the river ice breakup. The location and boundaries of the informative regions in the fields of H100 and H500 were revealed by the discriminant analysis, the EOF expansion coefficients of the fields of anomalies of monthly mean values of H100 and H500 for January and February and the anomalies of monthly mean sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific were used as potential predictors. The stepwise regression analysis allowed deriving good and satisfactory (S/σ = 0.45–0.73) complex prognostic equations for forecasting the ice breakup time for the Vyatka River basin. The essential influence of H100 and H500 geopotential height fields and the spatial distribution of sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific in January and February on the river ice breakup time is revealed. It is proposed to improve the method by considering the impact of air temperature, maximum ice thickness per winter, and other indirect characteristics on the processes of river ice breakup in the Vyatka River basin. Keywords: ice regime, long-range forecast, river ice breakup, expansion coefficients, geopotential height fields, spring ice phenomena, energy-active zones of the oceans, complex prognostic equation

scholarly journals Half a century of satellite remote sensing of sea-surface temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 111366 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Minnett ◽  
A. Alvera-Azcárate ◽  
T.M. Chin ◽  
G.K. Corlett ◽  
C.L. Gentemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Sea Surface

scholarly journals Sea Surface Temperature and Ocean Heat Content during Tropical Cyclones Pam (2015) and Winston (2016) in the Southwest Pacific Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHNEEL CHANDRA ◽  
SUSHIL KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Ocean Heat Content ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Sst Cooling ◽  
Argo Profiles

AbstractThe sea surface temperature (SST) and upper ocean heat content (OHC) have been explored along the track of two tropical cyclones (TCs), TC Pam (2015) and TC Winston (2016). These TCs severely affected the islands of Vanuatu and Fiji, in the South Pacific Region (8°–30°S, 140°E– 170°W). The SST decreased by as much as 5.4°C along the tracks of the TCs with most cooling occurring to the left of the TCs tracks relative to TCs motion. SST cooling of 1-5°C has generally been observed during both the forced and relaxation stages of TC passage. The Argo profiles near the TC revealed observable mixed layer deepening. Subsurface warming was also observed post-TC passage from the temperature profile of one of the floats after the passage of both TCs. The OHC and heat fluxes are seen to play an important part in TC intensification as both these TCs intensified after passing over the regions of high OHC and enhanced heat fluxes. Apart from the traditionally used OHC obtained up to the depth of the 26°C isotherm (QH), the OHC was also determined up to the depth of the 20°C isotherm (QH,20). The QH and QH,20 values decreased in the majority of cases post TC passage while QH,20 increased in one instance post-TC passage for both the TCs. QH,20 has also been used to identify heat energy changes at deeper levels and correlated well with the traditionally used OHC during the weaker stages of the TCs.

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