scholarly journals Fate of Diclofenac and Its Transformation and Inorganic By-Products in Different Water Matrices during Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Process Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Heim ◽  
Mohamad Rajab ◽  
Giorgia Greco ◽  
Sylvia Grosse ◽  
Jörg E. Drewes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Target Compound ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Boron Doped Diamond ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
By Products

The focus of this study was to investigate the efficacy of applying boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes in an electrochemical advanced oxidation process, for the removal of the target compound diclofenac (DCF) in different water matrices. The reduction of DCF, and at the same time the formation of transformation products (TPs) and inorganic by-products, was investigated as a function of electrode settings and the duration of treatment. Kinetic assessments of DCF and possible TPs derived from data from the literature were performed, based on a serial chromatographic separation with reversed-phase liquid chromatographyfollowed by hydophilic interaction liquid chromatography (RPLC-HILIC system) coupled to ESI-TOF mass spectrometry. The application of the BDD electrode resulted in the complete removal of DCF in deionized water, drinking water and wastewater effluents spiked with DCF. As a function of the applied current density, a variety of TPs appeared, including early stage products, structures after ring opening and highly oxidized small molecules. Both the complexity of the water matrix and the electrode settings had a noticeable influence on the treatment process’s efficacy. In order to achieve effective removal of the target compound under economic conditions, and at the same time minimize by-product formation, it is recommended to operate the electrode at a moderate current density and reduce the extent of the treatment.

An electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) for the inactivation of Rhizoctonia solani in fertigation solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-424
Author(s):  
Serge Lévesque ◽  
Thomas Graham ◽  
Dorin Bejan ◽  
Jamie Lawson ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Electrochemical System ◽  
Boron Doped Diamond ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Low Levels

Boron-doped diamond anodes and stainless-steel cathodes were employed in an electrochemical flow cell and evaluated for inactivation efficacy on the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn [Thanatephorus cucumeris (A.B. Frank) Donk] in hydroponic fertigation water. The electrochemical system showed promise as an electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) in that significant reductions in R. solani (AG-8) were achieved; however, to achieve complete inactivation the system required supplemental chloride (20 mg L−1), while using 9.09 mA cm−2. The chloride allowed for low levels of free chlorine (≤0.17 mg L−1) that were more active in the bulk solution, complementing the electrode surface EAOP reactions. Perchlorate production was an initial concern but was found to be negligible under the conditions tested. Small but significant increases in nitrate, ammonium, and sulphate were observed following treatment. These increases are hypothesized to originate from the degradation of proteins and amino acids released during pathogen cell disruption.

Degradation of carbamazepine by UV/chlorine advanced oxidation process and formation of disinfection by-products

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (16) ◽  
pp. 16448-16455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqing Zhou ◽  
Ying Xia ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Tian Yao ◽  
Zhou Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
By Products

Electrochemical advanced oxidation process using DiaChem®electrodes

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Tröster ◽  
L. Schäfer ◽  
M. Fryda ◽  
T. Matthée
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Boron Doped Diamond ◽  
Electrochemical Window

The electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) using boron doped diamond (DiaChem®, registered trademark of Condias GmbH) has been studied for wastewater treatment and drinking water disinfection. DiaChem® electrodes consist of preferentially metallic base materials coated with a conductive polycrystalline diamond film by hot-filament chemical vapour deposition. They exhibit high overpotential for water electrolysis as well as high chemical inertness and extended lifetime. In particular the high overpotential for water decomposition opens the widest known electrochemical window, allowing the energy efficient production of hydroxyl radicals directly from aqueous solutions. The hydroxyl radicals on the other hand are effectively used for the oxidation of pollutants. The EAOP using DiaChem® electrodes thus facilitates the direct and, if necessary, complete decomposition of even hazardous or persistent pollutants in different wastewaters. Current efficiencies of more than 90%, also without the use of additives for hydroxyl radical generation, have been demonstrated. Additionally, for drinking water preparation diamond electrodes facilitate disinfection with and without the support of chlorine.

Formation of disinfection by-products in the ultraviolet/chlorine advanced oxidation process

2015 ◽  
Vol 518-519 ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding Wang ◽  
James R. Bolton ◽  
Susan A. Andrews ◽  
Ron Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
By Products

Competition between electrochemical advanced oxidation and electrochemical hypochlorination of acetaminophen at boron-doped diamond and ruthenium dioxide based anodes

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 418-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordache Boudreau ◽  
Dorin Bejan ◽  
Nigel J. Bunce
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Process ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Boron Doped Diamond ◽  
Boron Doped

This work was undertaken to distinguish four pathways for the electrochemical oxidation of acetaminophen as a model organic substrate: (i) direct electron transfer from the substrate to the anode, (ii) reaction of the substrate with HO• at boron-doped diamond anodes, (iii) non-radical (two-electron) oxidation of the substrate at Ti/RuO2 anodes, and (iv) electrochemical hypochlorination if Cl– is present. Pathway (i) was isolated as a slow reaction when boron-doped diamond (BDD) was used as the anode in the range of water stability, whereas in the corresponding reaction with Ti/RuO2 only pathway (iii) could be detected. Pathway (ii) predominated for BDD in the potential range of water oxidation, and was the only mechanism leading to mineralization of the substrate. Comparison between chemical hypochlorination and electrochemical oxidation at Ti/RuO2 in the presence of chloride ion indicated that the latter process principally involves mediated hypochlorination. Oxidation at boron-doped diamond anodes in the presence of chloride was the most complex mechanistically, with competition between hypochlorination and the electrochemical “advanced oxidation process”; this led to the formation of chlorinated byproducts. The observation of mineralization under these conditions demonstrated cross-over between reaction pathways (ii) and (iv), even though hypochlorination appeared to be the initial pathway for loss of acetaminophen. The presence of chloride ion did not significantly retard mineralization of acetaminophen in the initial stages of oxidation, but significantly increased the energy requirement for complete mineralization. The results are discussed in the context of the use of electrochemical oxidation in waste management.

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