scholarly journals Groundwater Vulnerability and Nitrate Contamination Assessment and Mapping Using DRASTIC and Geostatistical Analysis

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2022
Author(s):  
Moustafa El Baba ◽  
Prabin Kayastha ◽  
Marijke Huysmans ◽  
Florimond De Smedt
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Geostatistical Analysis ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
Kriging Interpolation ◽  
Regression Kriging ◽  
Contamination Assessment ◽  
The Gaza Strip

The Gaza Strip is in a chronic state of water shortage and the coastal aquifer as the only freshwater source is increasingly depleted and polluted, especially by nitrate. Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution is essential for adequate protection and management. In this study, the assessment of the aquifer vulnerability to contamination is derived by applying the DRASTIC procedure, firstly with original default weights and ratings and, secondly, improved by estimating rating values by multiple linear regression of observed log-transformed nitrate concentration in groundwater, with DRASTIC factors extended to land-use. The results are very different because high and low vulnerability areas shift considerably. Subsequently, a geostatistical analysis of the spatial distribution of the nitrate concentration is performed, firstly by ordinary kriging interpolation of the observed nitrate concentration and secondly by regression kriging using DRASTIC factors and land-use as indicators of the spatial variation in nitrate occurrence. These maps differ because the map obtained by regression kriging interpolation shows much more details of environmental factors such as dunes, ridges, soil types and built-up areas that affect the presence of nitrate in groundwater. The results of this study can be used by the Palestinian authorities concerned with sustainable groundwater management in the Gaza Strip.

scholarly journals Analysis of Nitrate occurrence and distribution in Groundwater in the Gaza Strip using major ion chemistry by Baalousha H.

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-349
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
World Health ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Nitrate Sources ◽  
Major Ion ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
The Gaza Strip

Nitrate in groundwater in the Gaza Strip, Palestine has become a serious problem in the last decade. As a result of extensive use of fertilizers, discharging of wastewater from treatment plants, and leakage of wastewater form cesspools, increased levels of nitrate up to 400 mg/l have been detected in groundwater. Nitrate concentrations more than 50 mg l-1 are very harmful to infant, foetuses, and people with health problems. The most efficient way to prevent nitrate impacts is to identify the sources of nitrate and to reduce them at the source. In this study, samples of groundwater from 63 wells were collected and chemically analyzed. Analysis of these samples revealed they have nitrate concentrations more than the maximum permissible limit recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). The major ion chemistry analysis was used to identify nitrate sources. Based on the relation between land use and nitrate concentration in groundwater, sources of nitrate were identified. These sources are: (1) leakage from wastewater treatment plants, (2) leakage from cesspits, and (3) intensive agricultural activities. It was found that the leakage of wastewater from cesspits and over-loaded treatment plants has greater influence on groundwater nitrate contamination more than agricultural activities. This study shows the important role of the type of infiltrated water into the sub-soil, combined land use, in determining the source of nitrate in groundwater.

Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability to Nitrate Contamination in Gaza Strip, Palestine

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad N. Almasri ◽  
Jagath J. Kaluarachchi ◽  
Said Ghabayen ◽  
Ammar Jarrar ◽  
Mac McKee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Nitrate Contamination

scholarly journals GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY OF PANDAK AND BAMBANGLIPURO, YOGYAKARTA SPECIAL PROVINCE, INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leakhena Snguon ◽  
Doni Prakasa Eka Putra ◽  
Heru Hendrayana
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Groundwater Protection ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
Contaminant Concentration ◽  
Protection Zone ◽  
Drastic Method ◽  
Hydrogeological Setting ◽  
The Impact

The study of intrinsic vulnerability of groundwater was generated in order to delineate groundwater protection zone in Pandak and Bambanglipuro, Indonesia, whose mainly water supply is from groundwater. Two methods of vulnerability mapping are chosen for the evaluation; DRASTIC method and Hoelting method. The resulted maps conducted from these method are validated using the actual contaminant concentration through the impact of on-site sanitation, for instance nitrate as it is proved to be very stable contaminants in groundwater. Considered in different hydrogeological setting, these two methods have produced various results at the certain site. However, its reliability has been drawn upon the nitrate concentration at the study areas. Keywords: Intrinsic groundwater, vulnerability, DRASTIC, Hoelting methods, nitrate contamination

scholarly journals Anthropic Pollution Impacts on Groundwater Vulnerability Based on Modified DRASTIC-FAHP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Goodarzi ◽  
Amirreza R. Niknam ◽  
Vahid Jamali ◽  
Hamid Reza Pourghasemi ◽  
Mahboobeh Kiani-Harchegani
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Drastic Model ◽  
Modified Drastic ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Abstract In arid and semi-arid regions such as Iran, groundwater is more important for humans and ecosystems than surface water. Different models of groundwater vulnerability assessment can be used to better manage water resources. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the qualitative vulnerability of groundwater resources in the Birjand Plain aquifer using the DRASTIC model and 7 hydrogeological components. DRASTIC model was also modified by adding a land use component (MDRASTIC) based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) methods. After calculating the vulnerability index, the vulnerability of each method was mapped and the final index obtained from each method was classified into 4 different categories. Nitrate concentration was used to confirm the results and to analyze the sensitivity of a single parameter. Sensitivity analysis showed that the groundwater vulnerability is mainly affected by water depth and land use. To validate each of the models, their correlation with nitrate concentration was calculated and compared. To determine the correlation coefficient, simple linear regression method was performed and the Pearson and Spearman methods were used. According to the obtained Pearson correlation results, the DRASTIC, MDRASTIC, MDRASTIC-AHP, and MDRASTIC-FAHP models resulted in values of 0.550, 0.680, 0.778, and 0.794respectively. The results show a good correlation between the modified DRASTIC-FAHP model and nitrate concentration as an indicator of groundwater pollution.

scholarly journals Drastic method to map groundwater vulnerability to pollution using nitrate measurements in agricultural areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 981 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Samara ◽  
G. Yoxas
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Drastic Model ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

DRASTIC model has been used to map groundwater vulnerability to pollution in many areas. Since this method is used in different places without any changes, it cannot consider the effects of pollution type and characteristics. Therefore, the method needs to be calibrated and corrected for that aquifer and specific land use. In this research, by correcting the rates of DRASTIC parameters, one can assess the vulnerability potential to pollution more accurately. The new rates were computed using the relationships between DRASTIC INDEX (DI) corresponding to land use and to nitrate concentration in groundwater. The proposed methodology was applied in deltaic region of alluvial aquifer of Volinaios catchment located in the northwestern part of Peloponnesus. In order to determine the quality of the ground waters, either for watering or irrigating purposes, in the study area, a sampling was made. Correlation was used to find the relationship between the index and measured pollution in each point and therefore, to modify the rates. The results showed that the modified DRASTIC is better than the original method for nonpoint source pollution in agricultural areas.

scholarly journals Modified DRASTIC model for groundwater vulnerability to nitrate contamination in the Dagujia River Basin, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aihua Wei ◽  
Pan Bi ◽  
Jie Guo ◽  
Shuai Lu ◽  
Duo Li
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Drastic Model ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Over Exploitation

Abstract Due to rapid economic growth and over-exploitation of groundwater, nitrate pollution in groundwater has become very serious. The main objective of this study is to modify the DRASTIC model to identify groundwater vulnerability to nitrate pollution. The DRASTIC model was firstly used to analyze the intrinsic vulnerability. The DRASTIC model with the inclusion of a land-use factor (DRASTIC-LU) was put forward to map the specific vulnerability of groundwater. Furthermore, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) was introduced to avoid the drawback of the overlay and index methods, and the improved integrated models of DRASTIC + SVM and DRASTIC-LU + SVM were built. Moreover, 103 groundwater samples were collected for building and validating the models. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of DRASTIC, DRASTIC-LU, DRASTIC + SVM, and DRASTIC-LU + SVM was found to be 0.853, 0.755, 0.631, and 0.502, respectively. The model DRASTIC-LU was more precise than the original one. The results also showed that the integrated model using SVM exhibited better correlation between the vulnerability value and the nitrate pollution. The study indicated that the modified models including the land-use factor as well as SVM in the DRASTIC model were more suitable to assess the groundwater vulnerability to nitrate.

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