scholarly journals Geochemical Characteristics of Alluvial Aquifer in the Varaždin Region

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1508
Author(s):  
Igor Karlović ◽  
Tamara Marković ◽  
Martina Šparica Miko ◽  
Krešimir Maldini
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Alluvial Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Chemistry ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Transformation Of Organic Matter ◽  
Observation Wells ◽  
Hydrochemical Type

The variation in the major groundwater chemistry can be controlled by dissolution and precipitation of minerals, oxidation-reduction reactions, sorption and exchange reactions, and transformation of organic matter, but it can also occur as a result of anthropogenic influence. The alluvial aquifer represents the main source of potable water for public water supply of the town Varaždin and the surrounding settlements. Sampling campaigns were carried out from June 2017 until June 2019 to collect groundwater samples from nine observation wells. Major cations and anions, dissolved organic carbon and nutrients were analyzed in the Hydrochemical Laboratory of Croatian Geological survey. The sampled waters belong to the CaMg-HCO3 hydrochemical type, except the water from observation well P-4039 that belongs to NaCa-HCO3 hydrochemical type. It was identified that groundwater chemistry is mainly controlled by hydrogeological environment (natural mechanism), but anthropogenic influence is not negligible. The results of this research have significant implications on sustainable coexistence between agricultural production and water supply.

Mineralogical Characterisation of Sediments at the Drigg Low Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Site and the Influence on Groundwater Chemistry

2003 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Randall ◽  
D. P. Trivedi ◽  
J. Graham ◽  
J. S. Small ◽  
C. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Chemistry ◽  
Radioactive Waste Disposal ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Bicarbonate Ions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Coarse Grains ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Level Radioactive Waste

ABSTRACTPetrographic microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, surface area and cation exchange analyses have been undertaken on a suite of ‘bulk’ and size separated sediment fractions from the Drigg site. The data indicate a complex phyllosilicate assemblage consisting of illitic and vermiculite material derived from the complex weathering history of the siliceous, micaceous, feldspathic and chloritic parent clasts. Coarse grains range from clean fresh looking ‘polished’ clasts to heavily coated with iron oxides and oxyhydroxides. The surfaces of most igneous clasts (granites and volcanics) are usually highly altered to micaceous (‘illitic’), chloritic and vermiculitic clays. Carbonates, such as calcite, dolomite and siderite, are present, particularly in the more shallow formations. The properties of the sediments have a clear impact on the evolution of groundwater chemistry. Redox conditions are consistent with equilibrium between iron oxyhdroxides and siderite, both present in Drigg sediments. Drigg groundwater samples are close to equilibrium with calcite, which not only controls the concentration of dissolved calcium and bicarbonate ions, but also the groundwater pH. Concentrations of potassium and magnesium are controlled by ion exchange reactions, while both mineralogical and groundwater evidence show that some weathering of aluminosilicate minerals is occurring, although equilibrium is not reached.

scholarly journals Study on the soil corrosivity towards the buried water supply pipelines in Madhyapur Thimi municipality, Bhaktapur

BIBECHANA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Kumar P Dahal ◽  
Dinesh KC ◽  
Jagadeesh Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential

This research work is carried out to identify the corrosive nature of soils towards the buried-galvanized steel and cast iron pipelines buried in Sanothimi areas of Madhyapur Thimi municipality, Bhaktapur based on different soil parameters such as organic content, moisture content, pH, resistivity, oxidation-reduction potential, chloride and sulfate ions. The soil parameters of the collected soil samples from the study areas were analyzed using standard ASTM methods. Concentrations of these soil parameters measured in this study were found as: organic content (0.9- 7.9%), moisture content (8.0-36.7%), pH (6.8-7.7), resistivity (3900-16700 ohm.cm), oxidation-reduction potential (337-461 mV vs SHE), chloride (25-71 ppm) and sulfate (35-464 ppm) contents. These soil parameters gave an indication of “mildly corrosive” to “less corrosive” nature of soils on the galvanized steels and cast iron pipelines buried in the study areas. Based on the findings of the present studies, it can be advised to the related authorities or local people that simple modification of the soils by using cheapest non-conducting materials like gravel or sand around the buried water supply pipelines before undergrounding them in the study areas is very beneficial from the corrosion point of view to increase their life time. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v11i0.10387 BIBECHANA 11(1) (2014) 94-102

Reactivity of transition metal fluorides. VIII. Reactions of rhenium heptafluoride and hexafluoride

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Canterford ◽  
TA O'Donnell ◽  
AB Waugh
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Transition Metals ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Metal Fluorides ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Halogen Exchange ◽  
Transition Metal Fluorides

Oxidation-reduction and halogen-exchange reactions of the higher fluorides of rhenium with a series of selected reagents have been investigated. The results correlate with studies of reactivities of higher fluorides of other transition metals previously reported. The reactions reported provide markedly improved preparative routes to the hexachloride, pentabromide, and pentafluoride of rhenium.

Control of trichloroethylene plume migration using a biobarrier system: a field-scale study

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2074-2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. Kuo ◽  
S. Y. Wang ◽  
Y. M. Chang ◽  
S. H. Chen ◽  
C. M. Kao
Keyword(s):  
Field Scale ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Plume Migration ◽  
System A ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Tce Degradation ◽  
Carbon Concentrations ◽  
By Products

The objective of this field-scale study was to evaluate the effectiveness of controlling trichloroethylene (TCE) plume migration using the polycolloid substrate (PS) biobarrier. The developed PS (containing soybean oil, lactate and surfactants) could release substrate to enhance the TCE dechlorination. In this study, a biobarrier comprising PS injection wells was installed. Injection wells were installed at 5-m intervals, and approximately 15 L of PS was injected into each well. Results show that TCE concentrations in the injection wells dropped from an average of 87 μg/L to below 1 μg/L after 35 days of PS injection. The total organic carbon concentrations in the injection wells increased from an average of 2.1–543 mg/L after 30 days of PS injection. The dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) values dropped from an average of 1.6 mg/L to below 0.1 mg/L and from 124 mv to −14 mv after 20 days of injection, respectively. The DO and ORP remained in anaerobic conditions during the remaining 100 days of the operational period. TCE degradation by-products were observed in groundwater samples during the operational period. This reveals that the addition of PS could effectively enhance the reductive dechlorinating of TCE.

Taste and odor events in Barcelona's water supply

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ventura ◽  
L. Matia ◽  
J. Romero ◽  
MaR. Boleda ◽  
I. Martí ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
River Water ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Taste And Odor ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Odorous Compound ◽  
Ne Spain

Two cases of taste and odor episodes in raw and groundwater in the Barcelona (NE Spain) metropolitan area are described. The first was caused by creosote, a distill of coal tar, dumped into river water by two wood-preserving factories. The second taste and odor episode was caused by the presence of a potent odorous compound, the 2-ethyl-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane, in different groundwater samples. This compound is a by-product present in wastes from resin manufacturing plants that use neopentyl glycol as a raw material for acid-catalysed condensations.

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