scholarly journals Interactions between Tandem Cylinders in an Open Channel: Impact on Mean and Turbulent Flow Characteristics

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1718
Author(s):  
Hasan Zobeyer ◽  
Abul B. M. Baki ◽  
Saika Nowshin Nowrin
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Recirculation Zone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Flow Recirculation ◽  
Tandem Cylinders ◽  
Flow Development ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Recirculation Length

The flow hydrodynamics around a single cylinder differ significantly from the flow fields around two cylinders in a tandem or side-by-side arrangement. In this study, the experimental results on the mean and turbulence characteristics of flow generated by a pair of cylinders placed in tandem in an open-channel flume are presented. An acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) was used to measure the instantaneous three-dimensional velocity components. This study investigated the effect of cylinder spacing at 3D, 6D, and 9D (center to center) distances on the mean and turbulent flow profiles and the distribution of near-bed shear stress behind the tandem cylinders in the plane of symmetry, where D is the cylinder diameter. The results revealed that the downstream cylinder influenced the flow development between cylinders (i.e., midstream) with 3D, 6D, and 9D spacing. However, the downstream cylinder controlled the flow recirculation length midstream for the 3D distance and showed zero interruption in the 6D and 9D distances. The peak of the turbulent metrics generally occurred near the end of the recirculation zone in all scenarios.

Numerical Simulation of Unstable Stratified Turbulent Flow in Open Channels

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakhytzhan Zhumagulov ◽  
Alibek Issakhov ◽  
Askar Khikmetov
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fourier Method ◽  
Thomas Algorithm ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Diffusion

AbstractThis paper considers the unstable stratified turbulent flow in an open channel. A mathematical model of unstable stratified turbulent flow is introduced, which allows to assess the mean and fluctuation characteristics of the turbulent flow. The numerical algorithm is developed for solving this problem. A numerical method is based on the projection method, which divides the problem into three stages. At the first stage, it is assumed that the transfer of momentum occurs only by convection and diffusion. Intermediate velocity field is solved by fractional steps method. At the second stage, three-dimensional Poisson equation is solved by the Fourier method in combination with tridiagonal matrix method (Thomas algorithm). Finally, at the third stage, it is expected that the transfer is only due to the pressure gradient. The simulation results are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data.

Experimental and Numerical Investigations of the 3-D Turbulent Flow Characteristics Around Submerged Permeable Breakwaters

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Stanley ◽  
Georgios Etsias ◽  
Steven Dabelow ◽  
Dimitrios Dermisis ◽  
Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Turbulent Structures ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Design Simplicity ◽  
Study Laboratory ◽  
Geometric Designs

Submerged breakwaters are favored for their design simplicity in projects intended to dissipate wave energy and reduce erosion on coastlines. Despite their popularity, the effects that submerged breakwaters exhibit on the surrounding hydrodynamics are not clearly understood, mainly due to the flow complexity generated from 3-dimensional turbulent structures in the vicinity of the breakwaters that affect the mean flow characteristics and the transport of sediment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects that various geometric designs of submerged permeable breakwaters have on the turbulent flow characteristics. To meet the objective of this study, laboratory experiments were performed in a water-recirculating flume, in which the 3-dimensional velocity field was recorded in the vicinity of scaled breakwater models. Breakwaters that were tested include non-permeable, three-hole, and ten-hole models. The experimental data obtained was compared to results obtained from numerical simulations. Results demonstrated that permeable breakwaters exhibit more vertical turbulent strength than their non-permeable counterparts. It was also discovered that three-hole breakwater models produce higher turbulent fluctuations than that of the ten-hole breakwaters. The results from this study will be used eventually to enhance the performance of restoration projects in coastal areas in Louisiana.

Three-Dimensional Simulation of Turbulent Rectangular and Square Impinging Jet Flows

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingguang Chen ◽  
Zhong Xu ◽  
Yulin Wu ◽  
Yongjian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Recirculation Zone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Adverse Pressure Gradient ◽  
Impinging Jet ◽  
Boundary Layer Separation ◽  
Streamwise Velocity ◽  
Impinging Jets ◽  
Jet Flows ◽  
Dimensional Simulation

Flow characteristics of turbulent impinging jets issuing, respectively, from a rectangular and a square nozzles have been investigated numerically through the solution of three-dimensional Navier-Strokes equations in steady state. Two geometries with two nozzle-to-plate spacings of four and eight times of hydraulic diameters of the jet pipes, and two Reynolds numbers of 20000 and 30000 have been considered with fully developed inlet boundary conditions. An RNG based k–ε turbulence model and a deferred correction QUICK scheme in conjunction with the wall function method have been applied to the prediction of the flow fields within semi-confined spaces. A common feature revealed by the computational results is the presence of a toroidal recirculation zone around the jet. An adverse pressure gradient is found at the impingement surface downstream the stagnation point. Boundary layer separation will occur if the gradient is strong enough, and the separation manifests itself as a secondary recirculation zone at the surface. In addition, three-dimensional simulations reveal the existence of two and four pronounced streamwise velocity off-center peaks at the cross-planes near to the impingement plate, respectively, in the rectangular and square impinging jet flows. These peaks are found forming at the horizontal planes where the wall jets start forming accompanied by two or four pairs of counter-rotating vortex rings. It is believed that the formation of the off-center velocity peaks is due to the vorticity diffusion along the wall jet as the jet impinges on the target plate.

Coherent structures and dominant frequencies in a turbulent three-dimensional diffuser

2012 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 320-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Malm ◽  
Philipp Schlatter ◽  
Dan S. Henningson
Keyword(s):  
Coherent Structures ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Bulk Velocity ◽  
Time Signal ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dominant Frequencies

AbstractDominant frequencies and coherent structures are investigated in a turbulent, three-dimensional and separated diffuser flow at $\mathit{Re}= 10\hspace{0.167em} 000$ (based on bulk velocity and inflow-duct height), where mean flow characteristics were first studied experimentally by Cherry, Elkins and Eaton (Intl J. Heat Fluid Flow, vol. 29, 2008, pp. 803–811) and later numerically by Ohlsson et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 650, 2010, pp. 307–318). Coherent structures are educed by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of the flow, which together with time probes located in the flow domain are used to extract frequency information. The present study shows that the flow contains multiple phenomena, well separated in frequency space. Dominant large-scale frequencies in a narrow band $\mathit{St}\equiv fh/ {u}_{b} \in [0. 0092, 0. 014] $ (where $h$ is the inflow-duct height and ${u}_{b} $ is the bulk velocity), yielding time periods ${T}^{\ensuremath{\ast} } = T{u}_{b} / h\in [70, 110] $, are deduced from the time signal probes in the upper separated part of the diffuser. The associated structures identified by the POD are large streaks arising from a sinusoidal oscillating motion in the diffuser. Their individual contributions to the total kinetic energy, dominated by the mean flow, are, however, small. The reason for the oscillating movement in this low-frequency range is concluded to be the confinement of the flow in this particular geometric set-up in combination with the high Reynolds number and the large separated zone on the top diffuser wall. Based on this analysis, it is shown that the bulk of the streamwise root mean square (r.m.s.) value arises due to large-scale motion, which in turn can explain the appearance of two or more peaks in the streamwise r.m.s. value. The weak secondary flow present in the inflow duct is shown to survive into the diffuser, where it experiences an imbalance with respect to the upper expanding corners, thereby giving rise to the asymmetry of the mean separated region in the diffuser.

Turbulence Measurements in the Corner Wall Jet

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barrett Poole ◽  
Joseph W. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wall Jet ◽  
Hot Wire ◽  
Turbulence Measurements ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Turbulent Flow Field

The corner wall jet is similar to the standard three-dimensional wall jet with the exception that one half of the surface has been rotated counter-clockwise by 90 degrees. The corner wall jet investigated here is formed using a long round pipe with a Reynolds number of 159,000. Contours of the mean and turbulent flow field were measured using hot-wire anemometry. The results indicate that the ratio of lateral to vertical growth in the corner wall jet is approximately half of that in a standard turbulent three-dimensional wall jet.

Large Eddy Simulations of Flow Past Two Pipelines in Tandem in Close Proximity to the Seabed

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Li ◽  
Mia Abrahamsen Prsic ◽  
Muk Chen Ong ◽  
Boo Cheong Khoo
Keyword(s):  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
Recirculation Zone ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Large Eddy Simulations ◽  
Plane Wall ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Tandem Cylinders ◽  
Flow Past ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
The Mean

Three-dimensional Large Eddy Simulations (LES) with Smagorinsky subgrid scale model have been performed for the flow past two free-spanning marine pipelines in tandem placed in the vicinity of a plane wall at a very small gap ratio, namely G/D = 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5. The ratio of cylinder center-to-center distance to cylinder diameter, or pitch ratio, L/D, considered in the simulations is taken as L/D = 2 and 5. This work serves as an extension of Abrahamsen Prsic et al. (2015) [1]. In essence, six sets of simulations have been performed in the subcritical Reynolds number regime at Re = 1.31 × 104. Our major findings can be summarized as follows. (1) At both pitch ratios, the wall proximity has a decreasing effect on the mean drag coefficient of the upstream cylinder. At L/D = 2, the mean drag coefficient of the downstream cylinder is negative since it is located within the drag inversion separation distance. (2) At L/D = 2, a squarish cavity-like flow exists between the tandem cylinders and flow circulates within the cavity. A long lee-wake recirculation zone is found behind the downstream cylinder at G/D = 0.1. However, a much smaller lee-wake recirculation zone is noticed at L/D = 5 with G/D = 0.1. (3) At L/D = 2, the reattachment is biased to the bottom shear layer due towards the deflection from the plane wall, which leads to the formation of the slanted squarish cavity-like flow where the flow circulates between the tandem cylinders.

Flow Development and Analysis of MHD Generators and Seawater Thrusters

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Doss ◽  
G. D. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Skin Friction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Plasma Generator ◽  
Electrical Fields ◽  
Mhd Generator ◽  
Flow Development ◽  
Electrode Wall ◽  
Plasma Generators

The flow characteristics inside magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) plasma generators and seawater thrusters are analyzed and are compared using a three-dimensional computer model that solves the governing partial differential equations for fluid flow and electrical fields. Calculations have been performed for a Faraday plasma generator and for a continuous electrode seawater thruster. The results of the calculations show that the effects caused by the interaction of the MHD forces with the fluid flow are strongly manifested in the case of the MHD generator as compared to the flow development in the MHD thruster. The existence of velocity overshoots over the sidewalls confirm previously published results for MHD generators with strong MHD interaction. For MHD thrusters, the velocity profile is found to be slightly flatter over the sidewall as compared to that over the electrode wall. As a result, distinct enhancement of the skin friction exists over the sidewalls of MHD generators in comparison to that of MHD thrusters. Plots of velocity profiles and skin friction distributions are presented to illustrate and compare the flow development in MHD generators and thrusters.

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