The Application of Low Impact Development Facility Chain on Storm Rainfall Control: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China

In recent decades, low impact development (LID) has become an increasingly important concern as a state-of-the-art stormwater management mode to treat urban flood, preferable to conventional urban drainage systems. However, the effects of the combined use of different LID facilities on urban flooding have not been fully investigated under different rainfall characteristics. In this study, a residential, neighborhood-scale catchment in Shenzhen City, southern China was selected as a case study, where the effects of four LID techniques (bio-retention, bio-swale, rain garden and pervious pavement) with different connection patterns (cascaded, semi-cascaded and paralleled) on runoff reduction efficiency were analyzed by the storm water management model (SWMM), promoted by the U.S. EPA. Three kinds of designed storm events with different return periods, durations and time-to-peak ratios were forced to simulate the flood for holistic assessment of the LID connection patterns. The effects were measured by the runoff coefficient of the whole storm–runoff process and the peak runoff volume. The results obtained indicate that the cascaded connect LID chain can more effectively reduce the runoff than that in the paralleled connect LID chain under different storms. The performances of the LID chains in modeling flood process in SWMM indicate that the runoff coefficient and the peak runoff volume increase with the increase in the rain return periods and the decrease in rain duration. Additionally, the move backward of the peak rain intensity to the end of the storm event slightly affects the peak runoff volume obviously while gives slight influence on the total runoff volume. This study provides an insight into the performance of LID chain designs under different rainfall characteristics, which is essential for effective urban flood management.

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Analysis of the impact of low impact development on runoff from a new district in Korea

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.346 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 1315-1321 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Jung-min Lee ◽

Kyoung-hak Hyun ◽

Jong-soo Choi

Keyword(s):

Flood Control ◽

Low Impact Development ◽

Urban Flood ◽

Management Planning ◽

Storm Water Management Model ◽

Continuous Simulation ◽

Runoff Volume ◽

Urban Stormwater Runoff ◽

Peak Runoff ◽

The Impact

An analysis of the impact of a low impact development (LID) on runoff was performed using a Storm Water Management Model 5 (SWMM5)–LID model. The SWMM5 package has been developed to facilitate the analysis of the hydrologic impacts of LID facilities. Continuous simulation of urban stormwater runoff from the district which included the LID design was conducted. In order to examine the impact of runoff in the LID district the first, second and third highest ranked flood events over the past 38 years were analyzed. The assessment estimated that a LID system under historical storm conditions would reduce peak runoff by approximately 55–66% and runoff volume by approximately 25–121% in comparison with that before the LID design. The impact on runoff was also simulated under 50, 80 and 100 year return period conditions. Under these conditions, the runoff reductions within the district were estimated to be about 6–16% (peak runoff) and 33–37% (runoff volume) in comparison with conditions prior to the LID. It is concluded from these results that LID is worthy of consideration for urban flood control in future development and as part of sewer and stormwater management planning.

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Simulation of Low Impact Development (LID) Practices and Comparison with Conventional Drainage Solutions

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2110640 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (11) ◽

pp. 640 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ioannis M. Kourtis ◽

Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis ◽

Evangelos Baltas

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Design Process ◽

Low Impact Development ◽

Green Roofs ◽

Storm Water ◽

Management Model ◽

Storm Events ◽

Storm Water Management Model ◽

Runoff Volume ◽

Peak Runoff

The present work aims at quantifying the benefit of Low Impact Development (LID) practices in reducing peak runoff and runoff volume, and at comparing LID practices to conventional stormwater solutions. The hydrologic-hydraulic model used was the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM5.1). The LID practices modeled were: (i) Green roofs; and (ii) Permeable pavements. Each LID was tested independently and compared to two different conventional practices, i.e., sewer enlargement and detention pond design. Results showed that for small storm events LID practices are comparable to conventional measures, in reducing flooding. Overall, smaller storms should be included in the design process.

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A new methodology for surcharge risk management in urban areas (case study: Gonbad-e-Kavus city)

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2016.567 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 823-832 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Farhad Hooshyaripor ◽

Jafar Yazdi

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Pareto Front ◽

Low Impact Development ◽

Optimal Solution ◽

Curve Number ◽

Hydrologic Model ◽

Storm Event ◽

Nsga Ii ◽

Urban Flood ◽

Conflicting Objectives

This research presents a simulation-optimization model for urban flood mitigation integrating Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) with Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) hydraulic model under a curve number-based hydrologic model of low impact development technologies in Gonbad-e-Kavus, a small city in the north of Iran. In the developed model, the best performance of the system relies on the optimal layout and capacity of retention ponds over the study area in order to reduce surcharge from the manholes underlying a set of storm event loads, while the available investment plays a restricting role. Thus, there is a multi-objective optimization problem with two conflicting objectives solved successfully by NSGA-II to find a set of optimal solutions known as the Pareto front. In order to analyze the results, a new factor, investment priority index (IPI), is defined which shows the risk of surcharging over the network and priority of the mitigation actions. The IPI is calculated using the probability of pond selection for candidate locations and average depth of the ponds in all Pareto front solutions. The IPI can help the decision makers to arrange a long-term progressive plan with the priority of high-risk areas when an optimal solution has been selected.

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Assessing Hydrological Effects of Bioretention Cells for Urban Stormwater Runoff in Response to Climatic Changes

Water ◽

10.3390/w11050997 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 997 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Mo Wang ◽

Dongqing Zhang ◽

Siwei Lou ◽

Qinghe Hou ◽

Yijie Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Low Impact Development ◽

Climatic Changes ◽

Climate Change Scenarios ◽

Multiple Parameters ◽

Planning And Design ◽

Urban Stormwater Runoff ◽

Peak Runoff ◽

Slight Growth

An investigation into the effectiveness of bioretention cells (BCs) under potential climatic changes was conducted using representative concentration pathways. A case study of Guangzhou showed changes in peak runoff in climate change scenarios, with obvious growth in RCP8.5 and slight growth in RCP2.6. The performance of BCs on multiple parameters, including reduction of runoff volume, peak runoff, and first flush, were examined in different design storms using a hydrology model (SWMM). The effectiveness of BCs varied non-linearly with scale. Their performance fell by varying amounts in the various scenarios. BCs could provide sufficient effects in response to short-return-period and short-duration storms, but the performance of BCs decreased with heavy storms, especially considering climate change. Hence, BCs cannot replace grey infrastructure but should be integrated with them. The method developed in this study could be useful in the planning and design of low impact development in view of future climate changes.

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A Method for Dynamical Sub-Watershed Delimitating by No-Fill Digital Elevation Model and Defined Precipitation: A Case Study of Wuhan, China

Water ◽

10.3390/w12020486 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 486

Author(s):

Hongping Zhang ◽

Xinwen Cheng ◽

Lei Jin ◽

Dong Zhao ◽

Tianjing Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

Digital Elevation Model ◽

Flood Control ◽

Return Periods ◽

Wuhan City ◽

Urban Flood ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

Elevation Model ◽

Control Management

Watershed delimitation is very important in flood control management. The traditional sub-watersheds delimitated by a filling digital elevation model (DEM) may change the real sink area, such that it may not be the best choice in studies sensitive to sub-watershed storage. This paper proposes a dynamical watershed delimitation method using a no-fill DEM and precipitation. It considers a closed sink area containing cells that fully flow into a large special cell, which can flow out when its water level is “higher than outlet”. We took Wuhan City as a study area and defined the precipitation in return periods of 1, 5, 20, or 100 years to derive the sub-watersheds. It is found that, in the four delimitations, the ratio of isolated basic units which could not flow outside were 27%, 9%, 5%, and 1%, respectively, as the precipitation increased. The results show that the provided method satisfies the assumption that the sink area might overflow with increased precipitation. The sub-watershed delimitated by the proposed method has higher correlation with the distribution of waterlogging points than those delimitated according to the D8 algorithm. These findings indicate that the proposed method can derive reasonable sub-watershed delimitation and that it may be helpful in the practice of urban flood control management.

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