scholarly journals Increasing status of non-native vascular plants in the Sefton Coast sand-dune system, north Merseyside, UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Dune Heath ◽  
Mobile Dune

Over 460 non-native (alien) taxa were recorded in a Sefton Coast sand-dune vascular plant inventory, their proportion in the flora increasing after 1999. Between 2005/06 and 2018, twice as many non-native as native plants were found. An analysis of occurrences of native and non-native taxa in six major habitat types found that a higher proportion of aliens was present in scrub/woodland and disturbed ground, while native plants had more occurrences in fixed dunes/dune grasslands, dune heath and wetlands. No differences between the two groups were detected for strandline/shingle and embryo/mobile dune habitats. Twenty-four non-native and 14 native taxa showed invasive characteristics in the duneland. The former included especially Hippophae rhamnoides and Rosa rugosa, both constituting major threats to sand-dune biodiversity. Particularly invasive native plants were Arrhenatherum elatius, Betula spp., Salix cinerea, and Ulex europaea. The main findings accord with studies elsewhere in Britain and Europe showing recent increases of neophytes in semi-natural habitats and that both non-native and native species can have invasive traits. The open habitats of coastal dunes seem to be particularly susceptible to plant invasions.

scholarly journals Alien flora in the Lake Engure Nature Park

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 154-163
Author(s):  
Gertrūde Gavrilova ◽  
Māris Laiviņš ◽  
Agnese Priede ◽  
Anda Medene
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Alien Flora ◽  
Species Area ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Park Area

Alien flora in the Lake Engure Nature Park This paper describes the alien vascular plant flora in the Lake Engure Nature Park, one of the most species-richest and diverse areas in Latvia. The review was based on the floristic inventories conducted in 1983-1989 and a field survey carried out in 2010. In total, 68 alien species (7.6% of the vascular plant flora in the nature park) were recorded, of which four had established in the period between both surveys. 22 species were recognised as adventive species and 46 as escaped species. Most of the alien species area concentrated in coastal villages, around human settlements, roadsides, coastal dunes and along streams discharging in the Lake Engure, thus mostly in transformed habitats. They are absent in most of the natural and semi-natural habitats. In comparison to the overall situation in Latvia, the Lake Engure Nature Park area is relatively little affected by plant invasions, most probably because large areas of natural and semi-natural habitats remain, since high naturalness of vegetation plays a significant role as a natural barrier hindering alien invasions.

Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Plant Invasion ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Invasion Dynamics ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

Abstract This book contains 23 chapters divided into seven parts. Part I reviews the key hypotheses in invasion ecology that invoke biotic interactions to explain aspects of plant invasion dynamics; and reviews models, theories and hypotheses on how invasion performance and impact of introduced species in recipient ecosystems can be conjectured according to biotic interactions between native and non-native species. Part II deals with positive and negative interactions in the soil. Part III discusses mutualistic interactions that promote plant invasions. Part IV describes antagonistic interactions that hinder plant invasions, while part V presents the consequences of plant invasions for biotic interactions among native species. In part VI, novel techniques and experimental approaches in the study of plant invasions are shown. In the last part, biotic interactions and the management of ecosystems invaded by non-native plants are discussed.

Restoration of coastal dunes breached by pipeline landfalls in north-east Scotland

1989 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 231-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ritchie ◽  
C. H. Gimingham
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Surface Stability ◽  
North East ◽  
Marram Grass

SynopsisSix major oil and natural gas pipelines make landfalls on the coastline of north-east Scotland. Four land at St Fergus, one at Cruden Bay and one at Shandwick. The Cruden Bay line dates from 1973: at St Fergus landfalls were made in 1975, 1976 and 1984: and at Shandwick in 1979. With the exception of the Shandwick landfall, the pipelines cross relatively wide sandy beaches with associated dune ridges. All the pipelines were laid using a simple trenching technique whereby a beach trench was dug and a large V-shaped cut made through the main foredune ridge and interior backslope, inner dunes or slack environments. All these landforms were replaced quickly by backfilling. Thereafter, physical devices such as nets, brushwood, sand trapping fences and bitumen sprays ensured surface stability. Equally important was a replanting programme which had two main components: – hand-planted marram grass and agriculturally seeded grass mixtures. Topsoil was added, fertiliser was applied and other cultivation practices were used.Since 1973, several surveys of the progress and success of these restoration procedures have been made. On the whole, landform stability has been very satisfactory. Re-vegetation has met with mixed success, especially with regard to those changes which could be described as the gradual re-invasion of natural or local plant associations to replace the artificially planted species. Various lengths of time have ensued, and in some examples the rate and pattern of re-vegetation have been examined by means of periodic sampling. This has made possible reasonable assessments of the influence of local environment factors on the ability of sown species to establish and create a sward, the extent to which they persist over a period of years, and the ability of native species from the neighbouring dune system to re-invade and compete successfully in the developing turf. Standard methods have been used for planting marram grass to stabilise the steeper seaward sand slopes, but these are reviewed in the light of results of recent experimental studies of various planting techniques. The possibilities for exploiting these findings in the rehabilitation of any future pipeline crossings of dunes are considered. Since slightly different re-vegetation procedures were adopted in the several dune crossings under review, it is also possible to comment on the optimum solutions to restoration problems of this kind which are associated with mature coastal sand dunes.

Polymorphism for Cyanogenesis in Lotus australis Andr. Populations at Greenough Front Flats, Western Australia

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Foulds
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Inland Dunes ◽  
Adult Plants

In populations of Lotus australis growing on a sand dune system south of Geraldton: Western Australia, the seedling stage was polymorphic at the coastal and inland sites, both populations containing about 15% of acyanogenic phenotypes. All but 2% of these acyanogenic seedlings were developmentally flexible and in moist productive conditions eventually metabolized both glucoside and enzyme. This developmental inhibition of glucoside and enzyme may be a response to severe soil moisture stress, salt stress or trampling by sheep. All the adult plants were cyanogenic (under natural conditions) on the coastal dunes but the inland dunes retained a relatively high proportion (12%) of acyanogenic individuals.

scholarly journals Naturalization of European plants on other continents: The role of donor habitats

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (52) ◽  
pp. 13756-13761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Kalusová ◽  
Milan Chytrý ◽  
Mark van Kleunen ◽  
Ladislav Mucina ◽  
Wayne Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Species Association ◽  
Alien Flora

The success of European plant species as aliens worldwide is thought to reflect their association with human-disturbed environments. However, an explicit test including all human-made, seminatural and natural habitat types of Europe, and their contributions as donor habitats of naturalized species to the rest of the globe, has been missing. Here we combine two databases, the European Vegetation Checklist and the Global Naturalized Alien Flora, to assess how human influence in European habitats affects the probability of naturalization of their plant species on other continents. A total of 9,875 native European vascular plant species were assigned to 39 European habitat types; of these, 2,550 species have become naturalized somewhere in the world. Species that occur in both human-made habitats and seminatural or natural habitats in Europe have the highest probability of naturalization (64.7% and 64.5% of them have naturalized). Species associated only with human-made or seminatural habitats still have a significantly higher probability of becoming naturalized (41.7% and 28.6%, respectively) than species confined to natural habitats (19.4%). Species associated with arable land and human settlements were recorded as naturalized in the largest number of regions worldwide. Our findings highlight that plant species’ association with native-range habitats disturbed by human activities, combined with broad habitat range, play an important role in shaping global patterns of plant invasions.

scholarly journals Alien plant invasions in Mediterranean habitats: an assessment for Sicily

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Guarino ◽  
Milan Chytrý ◽  
Fabio Attorre ◽  
Flavia Landucci ◽  
Corrado Marcenò
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Habitat Specificity ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Alien Flora ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLevels of plant invasions in different habitat types were assessed in several regional studies, but few of them were from the Mediterranean. Here we compare the levels of vascular plant invasion across habitats and plant communities of Sicily. We used a large dataset of plant species presences/absences in vegetation plots to analyze the invasion patterns across habitats considering biogeography, life form and phenology of alien plants. Vegetation plots were classified based on the EUNIS classification of European habitats. The invasiveness of each species was expressed in terms of its absolute and percentage frequency. Representation of different life forms and phenological patterns was compared between alien and native species. The fidelity of alien species to individual habitats was calculated using the phi coefficient. Our analysis shows that annual and woody species are the most represented life forms in the alien flora of Sicily and that alien species tend to have a longer flowering period than the native species. The investigated habitats differed strongly in their level of invasion by alien species, ranging from 0 to 15.6% of aliens of all species recorded. Most of the habitats were colonized by very few alien species or completely lacked them, except for sandy coasts, naturally-disturbed riverbeds, and synanthropic habitats. It must be noted, however, that the number of alien species occurring in a given habitat does not relate to the severity of the impact of invasion in that habitat. Some habitats are invaded by few (or single) species, which attain a high cover, transforming the whole ecosystem. The habitat-based approach proved to be suitable for evaluating the habitat specificity and frequency of alien species at a regional scale, improving the capacity for risk assessment in different ecological contexts.

scholarly journals Exploring Temporal Trends of Plant Invasion in Mediterranean Coastal Dunes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13946
Author(s):  
Silvia Cascone ◽  
Marta Gaia Sperandii ◽  
Luigi Cao Pinna ◽  
Flavio Marzialetti ◽  
Maria Laura Carranza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Coastal Dune ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Diagnostic Species ◽  
Over Time

Alien plants represent a significant threat to species diversity and composition in natural habitats. Nevertheless, little is known about the dynamic of the invasion process and how its effects on native species change over time. In this study, we explored vegetation changes that occurred in invaded coastal dune habitats over the last 10–15 years (2005–2020), particularly addressing impacts on alien and diagnostic species. To monitor temporal trends, we used data resulting from a revisitation study. After detecting overall changes in alien species occurrence and cover over time, 127 total plots were grouped into plots experiencing colonization, loss, or persistence of alien species. For these three categories, we compared historical and resurveyed plots to quantify changes in native species composition (using the Jaccard dissimilarity index) and to measure variations in diagnostic species cover. The number of alien species doubled over time (from 6 to 12) and two species, Yucca gloriosa and Agave americana, strongly increased their cover (+5.3% and +11.4%, respectively). Furthermore, plots newly invaded appeared to record the greatest changes in both native and diagnostic species. Our results suggest the need for regular monitoring actions to better understand invasion processes over time and to implement effective management strategies in invaded coastal dune habitats.

scholarly journals Enhanced shoot investment makes invasive plants exhibit growth advantages in high nitrogen conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
X. A. Liu ◽  
Y. Peng ◽  
J. J. Li ◽  
P. H. Peng
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Growth And Allocation

Abstract Resource amendments commonly promote plant invasions, raising concerns over the potential consequences of nitrogen (N) deposition; however, it is unclear whether invaders will benefit from N deposition more than natives. Growth is among the most fundamental inherent traits of plants and thus good invaders may have superior growth advantages in response to resource amendments. We compared the growth and allocation between invasive and native plants in different N regimes including controls (ambient N concentrations). We found that invasive plants always grew much larger than native plants in varying N conditions, regardless of growth- or phylogeny-based analyses, and that the former allocated more biomass to shoots than the latter. Although N addition enhanced the growth of invasive plants, this enhancement did not increase with increasing N addition. Across invasive and native species, changes in shoot biomass allocation were positively correlated with changes in whole-plant biomass; and the slope of this relationship was greater in invasive plants than native plants. These findings suggest that enhanced shoot investment makes invasive plants retain a growth advantage in high N conditions relative to natives, and also highlight that future N deposition may increase the risks of plant invasions.

scholarly journals Genetic structure of invasive baby’s breath (Gypsophila paniculata) populations in a freshwater Michigan dune system

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailee B. Leimbach – Maus ◽  
Syndell R. Parks ◽  
Charlyn G. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellite ◽  
Gypsophila Paniculata ◽  
Pitcher's Thistle ◽  
Main Population

ABSTRACTCoastal sand dunes are dynamic ecosystems with elevated levels of disturbance, and as such they are highly susceptible to plant invasions. One such invasion that is of major concern to the Great Lakes dune systems is that of perennial baby’s breath (Gypsophila paniculata). The invasion of baby’s breath negatively impacts native species such as the federal threatened Pitcher’s thistle (Cirsium pitcheri) that occupy the open sand habitat of the Michigan dune system. Our research goals were to (1) quantify the genetic diversity of invasive baby’s breath populations in the Michigan dune system, and (2) estimate the genetic structure of these invasive populations. We analyzed 12 populations at 14 nuclear and 2 chloroplast microsatellite loci. We found strong genetic structure among populations of baby’s breath sampled along Michigan’s dunes (global FST = 0.228), and also among two geographic regions that are separated by the Leelanau peninsula. Pairwise comparisons using the nSSR data among all 12 populations yielded significant FST values. Results from a Bayesian clustering analysis suggest two main population clusters. Isolation by distance was found over all 12 populations (R = 0.755, P < 0.001) and when only cluster 2 populations were included (R = 0.523, P = 0.030); populations within cluster 1 revealed no significant relationship (R = 0.205, P = 0.494). Private nSSR alleles and cpSSR haplotypes within each cluster suggest the possibility of at least two separate introduction events to Michigan.

Vegetation of a coastal sand dune system in southern New Zealand

1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin T. Sykes ◽  
J. Bastow Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Coastal Sand Dune ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Coastal Sand
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