scholarly journals Arable weeds of the Scottish Borders

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Braithwaite ◽  
Luke Gaskell
Keyword(s):  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Open Habitat ◽  
The Past ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Arable Weeds ◽  
Arable Weed ◽  
Poor Communities

Many years of fieldwork have led the authors to hypothesise that there is a single relatively species-rich arable weed community present across the Scottish Borders that is best expressed in broad-leaved root crops and in set-aside on imperfectly-drained soils, while the species-poor communities typically found in cereal crops are a degraded form of this. 102 samples have been studied to test this hypothesis and to search for a community typical of slightly calcareous well-drained soils. The community typical of imperfectly-drained soils has been defined and is considered to be a species-rich variant of the NVC OV13 Stellaria media-Capsella bursa-pectoris open habitat community. Species typical of well-drained soils have been shown to be scarce and not to form a distinct community, though they may well have done so in the past.

scholarly journals „Flax specialists”-weed species extinct in Poland?

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Heller
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Fibre Flax ◽  
The Past ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Polygonum Convolvulus ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Made In

„Flax specialists”-weed species extinct in Poland? The results of a research on segetal weed communities in fibre flax in Poland are presented, with respect to different regions of cultivation, and changes in the level of infestation during the past forty years. Observations on composition and abundance of weed infestations were made in fields in six experimental farms at the Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants. The observations conducted in the period 1967-2008 did not show the occurrence of weed species from the group of so-called "flax specialists": Lolium remotum Schrank, Spergula arvensis L. subsp. maxima (Weiche) O. Schwarz, Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell. and Cuscuta epilinum Weihe Ex Boenn. In Poland, weed populations in fibre flax consist of species typical for cereals and root crops: Chenopodium album L., Polygonum convolvulus L., Viola arvensis Murr., Stellaria media Vill., Lamium amplexicaule L., Thlaspi arvense L., Elymus repens (L.) Gould, and Polygonum nodosum Pers.

Observations on ergot in cereal crops

1942 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. R. Dillon Weston ◽  
R. Eric Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Triticum Vulgare ◽  
Relative Susceptibility ◽  
The Past ◽  
The One

Several cases of ergot in barley encountered in 1941 have been investigated, and records have been examined of the occurrence of ergot in cereal crops in this country during the past 24 years. These indicate that ergot is found more frequently on rye than on wheat, barley or oat, this, in descending order, being their relative susceptibility. A more detailed examination of records of the occurrence on rye in the seasons 1939–42 indicates that the disease is more prevalent in northern districts than elsewhere; of 500 acres of rye surveyed in Suffolk and Norfolk in 1942 only three crops comprising 80 acres showed a trace of ergot. It is rare on both wheat and barley and little is known as to the susceptibility of their varieties, although on several occasions it has been noted on Rivet wheat, and has been recorded on Rivet and Triticum vulgare crosses. In this country there is no record of it having been found on oat, apart from the one specimen found in a field of mixed corn in Cambridgeshire.

scholarly journals Plant communities in arable fields of the Skierbieszów Landscape Park

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Marta Ziemińska-Smyk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Loess Soils ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Segetal Communities ◽  
Protected Zone

Floristic research on segetal communities was carried out in 2000 on arable fields in the Skierbieszów Landscape Park and its protected zone. Three communities of segetal weeds in cereal crops, and two communities of segetal weeds in root crops were separated in the arable fields of the Skierbieszów Landscape Park. The community <i>Vicietum tetraspermae typicum</i> commonly occurred in cereal crops on brown soils developed from loess soils. The community <i>Echinochloo-Setarietum</i>, which belongs to root crops, was noted in the same habitat. The greatest richness of species was found in <i>Consolido-Brometum</i> and <i>Lamio Veronicetum politae</i>, with the average of 25 species in one record. Both communities were abundant in rare segetal species which are considered to be endangered in our country: <i>Adonis aestivalis</i>, <i>Euphorbia exigua</i>, <i>Lathyrus tuberosus</i>, <i>Muscari comosum</i>, <i>Thlaspi perfoliatum</i>, <i>Veronica polita</i>, <i>Agrostemma githago</i>.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING ‘RELEVANCY’ OF THE TRADITIONAL PRINCIPLE OF THE RIGHT OF APPROPRIATION OF OPEN SPACE AND FINA’ IN CONTEMPORARY URBAN POOR COMMUNITIES IN CAIRO, EGYPT

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-272
Author(s):  
Khaled Galal Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
The Past ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Multiple Case Studies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Poor Communities

Many scholars have questioned ‘relevancy’ of the principles of traditional urbanism where contradictory discourses have accumulated over time especially during the past few decades but unfortunately without a reliving answer. This research is a humble attempt to question this relevancy in our modern time in the domain of urban poor communities in Cairo through investigation one of the essential traditional housing principles, namely, “the right of appropriation of open spaces and fina’”. A method of qualitative/quantitative work has been embraced in which first, the investigated principle was defined from various sources of literature, then, field investigations through multiple case studies were conducted to address the question of relevancy to the urban poor communities today. It has been found that the principle is relevant to the residents’ practices and significantly relevant to their attitudes. This opens the door for what might be considered as (re) legitimization of the principle, after considering its probable health and environmental impacts, through integrating it within the current social housing processes in Cairo and in Egypt as a whole.

Distribution of Arable Weed Populations along Eastern Arkansas Mississippi Delta Roadsides: Occurrence, Distribution, and Favored Growth Habitats

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas E. Korres ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan ◽  
Andy Mauromoustakos
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi Delta ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Arable Weeds ◽  
Arable Weed ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Disturbed Habitats ◽  
Large Crabgrass

A survey was conducted in 2012 across 13 counties in the eastern Arkansas–Mississippi Delta area on 489 randomly selected road sites to assess the distribution of the most commonly occurring arable weeds. Among the 36 species recorded, Palmer amaranth, johnsongrass, large crabgrass, barnyardgrass, prickly sida, and broadleaf signalgrass were the top six weed species, occurring at 313, 294, 261, 238, 176, and 136 sites, respectively. Barnyardgrass, johnsongrass, and Palmer amaranth were present at 34, 32, and 31% of all sampling occasions (site by roadside topographical characteristic). Habitat preferences varied between weed species. Palmer amaranth, large crabgrass, and johnsongrass exhibited a preference for disturbed habitats as well as field shoulders. Conversely, barnyardgrass, yellow nutsedge, hemp sesbania, and giant ragweed exhibit a preference for moist environments similar to these found in roadside ditches. Herbicide use on roadsides is subject to many environmental regulations and public concerns that, in combination with the evolution of herbicide resistance, necessitate an effective plan for managing agronomically important weed species on eastern Arkansas–Mississippi Delta roadsides.

scholarly journals The Potential of Arable Weeds to Reverse Invertebrate Declines and Associated Ecosystem Services in Cereal Crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara M. Smith ◽  
Nicholas J. Aebischer ◽  
Julie Ewald ◽  
Steve Moreby ◽  
Caitlin Potter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Arable Weeds

scholarly journals Associations and communities of cereal crops of the Łuków Plain. Part III. Intermediate and impoverished communities

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Zofia Rzymowska ◽  
Teresa Skrajna
Keyword(s):  
Final Part ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
The Third ◽  
Root Crops

This paper is the third and final part of a study attempting to analyse associations and communities in cereal crops of the Łuków Plain. It contains a description of intermediate and impoverished communities established in cereal crops of the Łuków Plain. Patches with phytocenoses without the combination of species characteristic of cereal associations were frequently observed. Impoverished communities of the alliance <em>Aperion spicae-venti </em>established in winter cereal crops. In turn, in spring cereal crops phytocenoses including species characteristic of tuber and root crops were found; they represented either a community with species characteristic of <em>Panico-Setarion </em>or an intermediate community with species characteristic of <em>Aperion spicae-venti </em>and <em>Polygono-Chenopodion</em>. Such communities are established, among others, because of production intensification which changes habitat conditions. Some patches found in the study area were intermediate between the two most frequently observed associations <em>Arnoserido-Scleranthetum </em>and <em>Vicietum tetraspermae</em>.

scholarly journals Comparison of fertility and germination of seeds in selected taxa of the genus Polygonum / Porównanie plenności i zdolności kiełkowania nasion u wybranych taksonów z rodzaju Polygonum

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Marta Matusiewicz ◽  
Helena Kubicka - Matusiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Polygonum Lapathifolium ◽  
Polygonum Persicaria ◽  
Potato Crops

Abstract The study compared the fertility of common segetal weeds of the Polygonum type: Polygonum persicaria L., Polygonum lapathifolium L. subsp. lapathifolium and Polygonum lapathifolium L. subsp. pallidum (With.) Fr. from different agrocenoses from the area of the Wigry National Park and its buffer zone. These taxa are particularly found in large numbers in root crops and spring cereals. Owing to favourable habitat conditions in a potato crops they reach large sizes and produce a much larger number of seeds compared with specimens from other agrocenoses. On the stubble, they constitute a component of secondary infestation, reaching fertility similar to that of cereal crops. In addition, the germination of seeds P. persicaria L., P. lapathifolium L. subsp. lapathifolium and P. lapathifolium L. subsp. pallidum (With.) Fr. tested in various combinations, in light and darkness, after the treatment of stratification and using gibberellic acid. It was shown that regardless of the conditions, the seeds that best germinated were P. lapathifolium L. subsp. pallidum (With.) Fr.

scholarly journals The importance of tropical mountain forests for the conservation of dragonfly biodiversity: A case from the Colombian Western Andes

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 233-247
Author(s):  
Cornelio A. Bota-Sierra ◽  
Camilo Flórez-V ◽  
Federico Escobar ◽  
Juliana Sandoval-H. ◽  
Rodolfo Novelo-Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Tropical Andes ◽  
Tropical Mountains ◽  
Open Habitat ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tropical Mountain ◽  
Biogeographic Region

Forests have been widely recognized as key habitats for odonate (dragonflies and damselflies) biodiversity, but the importance of forests for holding odonate biodiversity remains understudied in tropical mountains, one of the most diverse ecosystems on the planet. Here we described the odonate assemblage composition along the elevation gradient in the Tatamá Mountains (Colombian Cordillera Occidental). We analyzed the effects of elevation, habitat, and suborder on species richness and endemism. We found that the richest assemblage occurred in the foothills between 300 and 600 m, where the biotas of the Chocó biogeographic region and the Tropical Andes converge. Anisoptera richness was higher in open-habitat habitats, that of Zygoptera higher in forests. Richness and endemism decreased with elevation, and no relation between habitat and richness was found. However, the number of endemic species was strongly related to forests, which harbored 25 out of 28 endemic species. Also, forest odonates had narrower elevation ranges than open-habitat odonates. These patterns can be explained because tropical mountains were historically covered by forests, while open habitats derived from human activities (i.e., pastures) have flourished in the past centuries. The forest odonate assemblages at different elevations have been evolving for millions of years, in relatively stable ecological conditions, which could promote the high number of forest endemics in the tropical mountains. Our results emphasize the role of tropical mountain forests in the conservation of Odonata diversity.

Impact of one year crozier removal on long-term frond production in Matteuccia struthiopteris

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel E. Bergeron ◽  
Line Lapointe
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserves ◽  
Open Habitat ◽  
The Past ◽  
Harvesting Intensity ◽  
One Year ◽  
Term Benefit

Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro populations that had been subjected to crozier harvesting over the past 25 yr were investigated. The number of crowns harvested and the number of croziers harvested per crown varied annually, but most crowns were harvested at least once over 5 yr. In 1995, total and 50% defoliation impacts were tested on subsequent years’ frond production in understorey and open site populations. The effect of mineral fertilization on the understorey population was also investigated. Crowns in the open habitat produced more fronds annually than the understorey crowns and were less susceptible to partial defoliation. One year with total defoliation was sufficient to significantly reduce the number of fronds produced in both habitats over the next 4 yr. Defoliated crowns also accumulated less carbohydrates at the end of the first season. Mineral fertilization increased the number of fronds produced the following year but had no long-term benefit and did not significantly alleviate defoliation effects. Despite the fact that harvesting intensity was relatively low, it appears necessary to limit crozier harvesting per crown to less than 50% in understorey populations to preserve wild populations of M. struthiopteris. Key words: Defoliation, carbohydrate reserves, fertilization, fiddlehead, Matteuccia struthiopteris

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