Comparison of fertility and germination of seeds in selected taxa of the genus Polygonum / Porównanie plenności i zdolności kiełkowania nasion u wybranych taksonów z rodzaju Polygonum

Abstract The study compared the fertility of common segetal weeds of the Polygonum type: Polygonum persicaria L., Polygonum lapathifolium L. subsp. lapathifolium and Polygonum lapathifolium L. subsp. pallidum (With.) Fr. from different agrocenoses from the area of the Wigry National Park and its buffer zone. These taxa are particularly found in large numbers in root crops and spring cereals. Owing to favourable habitat conditions in a potato crops they reach large sizes and produce a much larger number of seeds compared with specimens from other agrocenoses. On the stubble, they constitute a component of secondary infestation, reaching fertility similar to that of cereal crops. In addition, the germination of seeds P. persicaria L., P. lapathifolium L. subsp. lapathifolium and P. lapathifolium L. subsp. pallidum (With.) Fr. tested in various combinations, in light and darkness, after the treatment of stratification and using gibberellic acid. It was shown that regardless of the conditions, the seeds that best germinated were P. lapathifolium L. subsp. pallidum (With.) Fr.

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Field and laboratory germination responses of achenes of Polygonum lapathifolium, P. pensylvanicum, and P. persicaria

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b79-108 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 57 (8) ◽

pp. 877-885 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

R. J. Staniforth ◽

P. B. Cavers

Keyword(s):

Soil Surface ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Germination Characteristics ◽

Polygonum Lapathifolium ◽

Wet Ground

The annual smartweeds Polygonum lapathifolium L., P. pensylvanicum L., and P. persicaria L. are weeds of cereal crops, waste places, and wet ground in Canada. Their ‘weediness’ is attributed, in part, to the production of large numbers of achenes which are capable of lying dormant in the soil for several years or until suitable conditions arise for germination.Dormancy–germination characteristics of achenes from Ontario plants were examined in the laboratory and in the field. Three types of dormancy have been identified, each of which prevents germination under a different set of unfavourable conditions. An innate dormancy prevents germination in fresh achenes immediately prior to winter. An enforced dormancy prevents germination during the winter and in achenes which are deep in the soil. An induced dormancy is caused by hot or dry periods (at least in P. persicaria). Germination occurs as a series of flushes whenever achenes are brought to the soil surface and (or) whenever rainy spells occur.

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Associations and communities of cereal crops of the Łuków Plain. Part III. Intermediate and impoverished communities

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2014.048 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 17-22

Author(s):

Zofia Rzymowska ◽

Teresa Skrajna

Keyword(s):

Final Part ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Habitat Conditions ◽

Winter Cereal ◽

The Third ◽

Root Crops

This paper is the third and final part of a study attempting to analyse associations and communities in cereal crops of the Łuków Plain. It contains a description of intermediate and impoverished communities established in cereal crops of the Łuków Plain. Patches with phytocenoses without the combination of species characteristic of cereal associations were frequently observed. Impoverished communities of the alliance Aperion spicae-venti established in winter cereal crops. In turn, in spring cereal crops phytocenoses including species characteristic of tuber and root crops were found; they represented either a community with species characteristic of Panico-Setarion or an intermediate community with species characteristic of Aperion spicae-venti and Polygono-Chenopodion. Such communities are established, among others, because of production intensification which changes habitat conditions. Some patches found in the study area were intermediate between the two most frequently observed associations Arnoserido-Scleranthetum and Vicietum tetraspermae.

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The effect of the application of the exact and approximate methods on values of selected ecological indices

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2014.011 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 39-46

Author(s):

Maria Ługowska ◽

Zofia Rzymowska

Keyword(s):

Wiener Index ◽

Ecological Indices ◽

Exact Methods ◽

Approximate Methods ◽

Winter Cereals ◽

Spring Cereals ◽

Phytosociological Relevés ◽

Exact And Approximate Methods ◽

Potato Crops ◽

Tuber Crops

The work presents the results of a study on the biodiversity of agrocenoses using ecological indices. In order to calculate the measures, phytosociological relevés were made and exact methods were applied in winter cereals, spring cereals, tuber crops and stubble fields. The objective of the work was to compare ecological indices (Simpson’s index of dominance C, Simpson’s index of species richness D, and Shannon-Wiener index of biodiversity H’) calculated using the number of plants and their cover determined based on the degree of presence. Moreover, correlation analysis was conducted between the indices computed using the two approaches applied.The results of the study revealed significant differences between all the indices calculated using the exact and approximate methods. In turn, comparisons of the measures computed for individual crops showed significant differences only for potato crops and winter cereals. No significant differences were found between the indicators calculated for spring cereals and stubble fields.

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Segetal communities of cereal crops of the Mazowiecki Landscape Park

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2009.020 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 171-186

Author(s):

Teresa Skrajna ◽

Janina Skrzyczyńska ◽

Maria Ługowska

Keyword(s):

Cereal Crops ◽

The South ◽

Traditional Methods ◽

Protection Zone ◽

South Eastern ◽

Spring Cereals ◽

Winter Crops ◽

Occurrence Of Species ◽

Segetal Communities

The characteristics of communities developing in cereal crops of the Mazowiecki Landscape Park are presented in the paper. The traditional methods of cultivation, a mosaic of fields, meadows and forests as well as a specific microclimate affect the occurrence of species-rich, syntaxonomically differentiated agrophytocenoses. The occurrence of 4 associations and 2 communities in the area of the Park was noted. On the poorest soils, the association Arnoserido-Scleranthetum was the most widespread and internally differentiated, whereas in more fertile habitats the association Vicietum tetraspermae was the commonest. The above mentioned associations were noted more frequently in winter crops than in spring cereals. Plots of the association Papaveretum argemones and intermediate communities, between Arnoserido- Scleranthetum and Papaveretum argemones, were seldom observed in the studied area. Plots with domination of species diagnostic for the order Polygono-Chenopodietalia occurred rarely in spring cereals, mainly in the protection zone of the Landscape Park. Single, impoverished plots of Aphano-Matricarietum were recorded in the south-eastern part of the Park.

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Avena strigosa Schreb. in agrocoenoses of the Podlaski Przełom Bugu mesoregion

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2005.027 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 243-253

Author(s):

Janina Skrzyczyńska ◽

Zofia Rzymowska ◽

Piotr Stachowicz

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Soil Types ◽

Agricultural Crops ◽

Character Species ◽

The Poor ◽

Root Crops ◽

Avena Strigosa ◽

Composition And Structure ◽

Spring Cereals ◽

Phytosociological Relevés

The research on the localities of Avena strigosa and on its increased occurrence in agricultural crops of the Podlaski Przełom Bugu was carried out in 1994-1998. The documentation of this research consists of 600 phytosociological relevés and the floristic records. The paper presents the composition and structure of the field plant communities where Avena strigosa was found. It occurs frequently on various soil types of the Podlaski Przełom Bugu. However, on the area examined it was found just in small numbers, covering up to 5% of the area, while in the eastern part of the area an increase in its occurrence was observed. In the area of the Podlaski Przełom Bugu Avena strigosa occurred in spring cereals in the communities of Arnoserido-Scleranthetum and Vicietum tetraspermae as well as in the poor field communities, with the character species of Aperion spicae-venti and Panico-Setarion. Additionally, Avena strigosa was also found in the field communities of root crops belonging to Panico-Setarion alliance; however, it was present there just in small numbers.

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Arable weeds of the Scottish Borders

British & Irish Botany ◽

10.33928/bib.2021.03.152 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Michael Braithwaite ◽

Luke Gaskell

Keyword(s):

Cereal Crops ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Open Habitat ◽

The Past ◽

Root Crops ◽

Arable Weeds ◽

Arable Weed ◽

Poor Communities

Many years of fieldwork have led the authors to hypothesise that there is a single relatively species-rich arable weed community present across the Scottish Borders that is best expressed in broad-leaved root crops and in set-aside on imperfectly-drained soils, while the species-poor communities typically found in cereal crops are a degraded form of this. 102 samples have been studied to test this hypothesis and to search for a community typical of slightly calcareous well-drained soils. The community typical of imperfectly-drained soils has been defined and is considered to be a species-rich variant of the NVC OV13 Stellaria media-Capsella bursa-pectoris open habitat community. Species typical of well-drained soils have been shown to be scarce and not to form a distinct community, though they may well have done so in the past.

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Plant communities in arable fields of the Skierbieszów Landscape Park

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2009.015 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 127-136

Author(s):

Marta Ziemińska-Smyk

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Root Crops ◽

Loess Soils ◽

Arable Fields ◽

Segetal Communities ◽

Protected Zone

Floristic research on segetal communities was carried out in 2000 on arable fields in the Skierbieszów Landscape Park and its protected zone. Three communities of segetal weeds in cereal crops, and two communities of segetal weeds in root crops were separated in the arable fields of the Skierbieszów Landscape Park. The community Vicietum tetraspermae typicum commonly occurred in cereal crops on brown soils developed from loess soils. The community Echinochloo-Setarietum, which belongs to root crops, was noted in the same habitat. The greatest richness of species was found in Consolido-Brometum and Lamio Veronicetum politae, with the average of 25 species in one record. Both communities were abundant in rare segetal species which are considered to be endangered in our country: Adonis aestivalis, Euphorbia exigua, Lathyrus tuberosus, Muscari comosum, Thlaspi perfoliatum, Veronica polita, Agrostemma githago.

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Fall-applied cattle manure did not provide nitrogen fertilizer value to spring cereal crops

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.1139/cjss-2020-0126 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Leanne Ejack ◽

Chih-Yu Hung ◽

Joann K. Whalen

Keyword(s):

Sandy Loam ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Cereal Crop ◽

Total N ◽

Available N ◽

Fertilizer Value ◽

Spring Cereals ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Growing Conditions

Fall-applied manure may have nitrogen (N) fertilizer value for spring-seeded crops. We applied liquid or solid cattle manure to plots on a sandy-loam soil in southern Quebec in fall. The following spring, half of each plot received urea fertilizer before planting the spring cereal crop. Total N content of the spring cereal at tillering, flowering, and maturity was lower in subplots without urea, and yields were up to 183% less in the no-urea subplots, regardless of whether liquid or solid manure was applied in fall. Fall-applied manure did not provide plant-available N to spring cereals under our growing conditions.

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The occurrence of Papaver rhoeas L. in agrocenoses of the buffer zone of the Roztocze national Park compared to other regions of Poland

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2009.044 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 213-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Czesława Trąba ◽

Marta Ziemińska-Smyk

Keyword(s):

Alluvial Soil ◽

Thermal Conditions ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Papaver Rhoeas ◽

Root Crops ◽

Wide Range ◽

Winter Crops ◽

River Valleys

The paper tries to determine the environmental amplitude as well as the optimal conditions for the vegetation of Papaver rhoeas in the agrocoenoses of the Roztocze National Park's buffer zone, as compared to other Polish regions. The analysis is based on certain habitat and anthropogenic factors. Based on the author's own research and the data quoted in the literature, it has been found that Papaver rhoeas occurs in the associations and communities of the Caucalidion and Aperion alliances accompanying cereal and rape crops as well as in the Polygono-Chenopodion and Panico-Setarion alliances accompanying root crops. Papaver rhoeas demonstrates a large environmental scale, as its presence has been noted in low- and highlands, in foothills, in river valleys as well as on slopes. Moreover, it teams up with various types of soils (of a wide range of acidity, moisture as well as trophic and thermal conditions) and complexes. Papaver rhoeas occurs most often and in the largest numbers in winter crops in the Lathyro-Melandrietum and Caucalidio-Scandicetum association which belongs to the Caucalidion alliance and in the Consolido-Brometum, Vicietum tetraspermae papaveretosum and V. t. consolidetosum association from the Aperion alliance. As far as root crops are considered, Papaver rhoeas shows up in the Lamio-Veronicetum politae association from the Polygono- Chenopodion alliance. It prefers chalky and Jurassic rendzinas containing CaCO3 and other fertile loam and loess soils which belong to wheat complexes, with their pH ranging from slightly acid to alkaline (Eutric Vertisols, chernozem, brown soil, alluvial soil) and which are moderately moist, warm, medium-rich in nitrogen and with good soil biological activity. In the foothill areas, it dominates on alluvial soils in the river valleys; rarely has it been spotted on the slopes. Papaver rhoeas rarely occurs on the lightest sandy soils of the weak and very weak rye complexes and weak cereal-fodder complexes. The distribution of Papaver rhoeas reflects the soil conditions in a given area.

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Flora agrocenoz dolin rzecznych w środkowowschodniej Polsce

10.34739/9788366541351 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Ługowska

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Ecological Groups ◽

Habitat Conditions ◽

Root Crops ◽

Arable Fields ◽

Origin Life ◽

Historical Origin ◽

River Valleys ◽

The Impact ◽

Segetal Flora

The paper deals with segetal flora in the Liwiec, Tyśmienica, and Wilga river valleys and with the impact of those locations on biodiversity and migra-tion of species from seminatural communities to arable fields. The studies were conducted between 2014 and 2018 on cereals, root crops, and stubble fields.To this end, the following research objectives were designated: 1. Inventory of flora in the agrocoenoses of the Liwiec, Tyśmienica, and Wilga river valleys. 2. Multidimensional comparative analysis of inventoried vascular plants, including: species occurrence, their geographical and historical origin, life-form, plant propagation, and type of ecological strategy. 3. Assessment of habitat conditions in designated permanent research plots in the transects located in the river valleys. 4. Statistical comparative analysis of habitat conditions in river valleys and permanent research plots. 5. Analysis of flora in permanent research plots in terms of plant sociolog-ical and ecological groups and their development strategies. 6. Statistical assessment of biodiversity in permanent research plots. 7. Analysis of the floristic richness of plant communities in terms of habitat conditions of the valleys of the Liwiec, Tyśmienica and Wilga rivers.

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