Past experience and future prospects for launching our country's small spacecraft from Plesetsk launch site

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. BASHLYAEV ◽  
Aleksey Yu. NIKOLAEV ◽  
Vadim V. DUGA ◽  
Dmitriy A. MOSIN
Keyword(s):  
Development Project ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Launch Vehicles ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Small Spacecraft ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Launch Site ◽  
Mechanical Handling ◽  
Space Infrastructure

The paper provides an integrated analysis of the problem of the fast growing field of development and operation of Small Spacecraft (SS) constellations and participation of domestic launch site Plesetsk in solving this problem. It reviews the history of launches from Plesetsk, and describes the current status of work to build up and replenish SS-based orbital constellations. It describes major methods of SS launches. When describing multiple launches of SS on heavy launch vehicles it cites foreign practices of SpaceX Company, as well as lays down the prospects for development of our country’s heavy launch vehicles. As for the small-lift launch vehicles, it cites the experience of launching from Plesetsk of launch-vehicles Rokot and Soyuz-2 Phase 1v. For the super-small-lift launch vehicles, it cites the experience of USA and PRC, as well as our country’s development project of the launch vehicle Irkut, which is planned to be launched from Plesetsk, among other places. As for changes in the configuration of ground space infrastructure, the paper points out a trend towards processing SS at a single common processing facility (there is no need to construct processing facilities for each specific small spacecraft). The paper presents general trends in the system for operation of space facilities. The trends towards standardizing mechanical handling equipment in particular, and processing facilities in general, make it possible to lower development costs and speed up development schedules for advanced small spacecraft. Reducing small spacecraft processing time has a beneficial effect on the operational efficiency of the launch campaign, while the use of mobile checkout equipment makes it possible to quickly put together mobile and flexible processing facilities, the use of which will undoubtedly contribute to shaping the future of our country’s launch system. An important point made in the paper is the conclusion that in spite of our country’s lagging behind in super-small-lift launch vehicles, it has a significant scientific and engineering potential for developing this type of launch vehicles. Regardless of the value of other conclusions of the paper, the key point is that the current state of the ground space infrastructure facilities and the accumulated experience of specialists at Plesetsk make it possible to address the full spectrum of SS launch operations. Key words: small spacecraft, launch vehicles, ground space infrastructure, system for operation of space facilities.

Scientific and engineering problems involved in the implementation of the project «Manned space systems and complexes»

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Yevgeny A. Mikrin
Keyword(s):  
Program Completion ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Power Module ◽  
Orbital Station ◽  
Launch Site ◽  
New Instrumentation ◽  
Manned Space ◽  
Manned Spaceflight

This paper, which is, to a large extent, a review, presents results of an analysis of the current status and future prospects for the development of our country’s manned spaceflight from the standpoint of RSC Energia as the prime organization in Russia in this field of science and engineering. It addresses the issues involved in the ISS Russian Segment deployment completion, which is to be achieved by the addition of three new modules currently being developed at RSC Energia: the Multipurpose Laboratory Module in 2020; the Node Module in 2021; Science and Power Module in 2022, and the development of an improved version of cargo spacecraft Progress-MS. It describes quick ISS rendezvous profiles for crew and cargo transportation spacecraft. It discusses the issues involved in improving the efficiency of the ISS Russian Segment utilization, commercialization problems and plans to expand scientific applied research. The paper explores the desirability of establishing a Russian orbital station after the ISS program completion. As a strategic outlook for the development of our country’s manned space flight the paper formulates proposals on the national program of lunar research and exploration. It summarizes RSC Energia’s proposals on the development of a multifunctional system for crew search and rescue during launches of manned spacecraft from Vostochny launch site. It discusses the results and problems involved in laying the scientific, engineering and manufacturing groundwork for the development of advanced manned space systems, including introduction of digital technologies, development of new instrumentation, use of composite materials, additive and robotic technologies. Key words: Manned spaceflight, ISS Russian Segment, commercialization of scientific research, Russian orbital station, lunar research and exploration program, crew search and rescue system, problems of laying the scientific and engineering groundwork.

scholarly journals A viability criterion for computer system development projects

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
J. Mende
Keyword(s):  
Computer System ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
System Development ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Organizational Growth ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Processing Cost ◽  
Informational Value

A manager facing the decision whether to proceed with a proposed computer system development project needs to determine whether its benefits are worth more than its costs. This can be done by applying a simple mathematical formula to calculate the project's 'net worth', as the sum of the annual benefits obtainable during the system's life span, less its development costs. The formula recognizes that a system's annual benefit, comprising enhanced informational value plus reduction In data processing cost, will change as a result of obsolescence, cost of capital, organizational growth and learning.

scholarly journals A Current Microbiological Picture of Mycobacterium Isolates from Istanbul, Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
BILGE SUMBUL ◽  
MEHMET ZIYA DOYMAZ
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Mycobacterium Species ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen

Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the essential health problems throughout the world. Turkey is considered to be endemic for TB. In this study, we analyzed the distribution of Mycobacterium species, compare the diagnostic methods, and susceptibilities to anti-tuberculosis drugs of TB isolates. The aim was to document the current status and to provide a frame of reference for future studies. In this study, 278 Mycobacterium species isolated from 7,480 patients between September 2015 and June 2019 were included. Löwenstein-Jensen medium (LJ) and MGIT 960 were used for the isolation of strains. Susceptibility to 1st-line anti-tuberculosis drugs was determined. Positivity rates in clinical samples were as follows: 1.4% for direct microscopic acid-fast bacilli (AFB) detection, 3.4% for growth on the LJ, and 3.7% for growth on MGIT-960. Two hundred thirty-three isolates were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and 45 were non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs). Eleven of the NTMs (24.4%) were Mycobacterium fortuitum group isolates, and eight NTMs (17.7%) were Mycobacterium abscessus complex isolates. A number of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis peaked twice between the ages of 20–31 and 60–71. A hundred and eighty-two MTBC isolates (78.1%) were susceptible to all 1st-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, while 51 isolates (21.9%) were resistant to at least one drug tested. The multidrug-resistant tuberculosis rate was 13.7% among resistant strains and 3% in all strains. The liquid cultures were better for detection of both MTBC and NTMs isolates. The data demonstrate that MTBC continues to be challenge for this country and indicates the need for continued surveillance and full-spectrum services of mycobacteriology laboratory and infectious diseases.

Conceptual scenarios for development of ground infrastructure for receiving mission payload data from a perspective Earth remote sensing satellite constellation

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
Maksim V. ERESHKO ◽  
Andrey V. BORISOV
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
System Level ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Earth Remote Sensing ◽  
High Data ◽  
Ground Segment ◽  
Space Infrastructure ◽  
Orbital Constellation

The paper addresses the problem of cooperative development of ground space infrastructure and orbital constellation of Earth remote sensing spacecraft (ERS). In view of the considerable number of elements in space and ground segments of a heterogenous space ERS system, a mechanism is required for developing its concepts involving acquiring updated inputs for determining measures to optimize the ERS ground segment configuration geography-wise and outfit receiving systems for receiving the mission payload data from high-performance ERS spacecraft. The paper describes trends in the development of equipment and technologies for transmitting ERS mission payload data, in particular, the current status of the high data rate optical backbone network in order to determine possible locations for ERS Ground Segment elements. It introduces indicators which provide system-level characterization of the capabilities for a distributed network of data receiving stations. Based on the obtained data, system-level patterns were determined in the development of the ground segment for receiving the ERS mission payload data depending on the state of the ERS orbital constellation, driving further development of growth strategy for the ERS ground space infrastructure. Key words: Earth remote sensing, concept, mission payload data, receiving system, data reception station.

75th anniversary of S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-38
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. SOLOVIEV ◽  
RESHETNIKOV Mikhail N. RESHETNIKOV Mikhail N ◽  
Viktor V. SINYAVSKIY ◽  
Sergey Yu. SHACHNEV
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Rocket Engine ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Launch Vehicle ◽  
Earth Satellite ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Launch Vehicles ◽  
International Space ◽  
Hard Times ◽  
Manned Space

The article briefly discusses the key achievements of the enterprise over 75 years from the formation of OKB-1 headed by S.P. Korolev for producing intercontinental range missiles to the current status of RSC Energia being the country’s and world leader in manned space flight. The developed intercontinental missiles R-7 and a closed-loop oxygen-hydrocarbon liquid-propellant rocket engine provided the basis for developing integrated launch vehicles which were used to launch the world's first Earth satellite, the first cosmonaut on the Earth, automatic interplanetary stations to the Moon, Venus, Mars. The diversification of the enterprise impeded S.P. Korolev to concentrate on manned space flights, and he initiated the transfer of development and manufacture of combat missiles to Makeyev DB, integrated launch vehicles to TsSKB Progress, communication and other satellites to M.F. Reshetnev ISS, lunar and interplanetary stations to S.A.Lavochkin NPO. In the 1980s under the guidance of V.P. Glushko the Energia super-heavy launch vehicle and Energia-Buran system in unmanned configuration were developed and successfully launched on the first try. The Salyut manned single-module orbital stations, Mir multifunctional multi-module space laboratory and successfully operating upgraded manned transportation (Soyuz) and logistics (Progress) spacecraft were developed. In the hard times of 1990s, RSC Energia under the guidance of Yu.P. Semenov saved the national cosmonautics through commercial research performed on the Mir station. At present, by launching three additional modules RSC Energia is completing assembly and integration of the Russian Segment into the International Space Station. Keywords. ОKB-1, S.P.Korolev RSC Energia, V.P. Glushko, Yu.S. Semenov, integrated launch vehicle, orbital station, crew transportation spacecraft, logistics transportation spacecraft, International Space Station.

scholarly journals Sardar Sarovar Dam: A Case Study of Development-induced Environmental Displacement

Refuge ◽  
1997 ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Laurie Uytterlinde Flood
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Massive Scale ◽  
Sardar Sarovar ◽  
Sardar Sarovar Dam ◽  
Environmental Displacement

This article discusses how the Sardar Sarovar dam in lndia is a case of a development project which causes environmental displacement on a massive scale. This occurs through evictions and indirectly through the impairment of livelihoods by environmental changes. The problems of resettlement and rehabilitation are emphasized in the article as are further displacement efects due to this process. The inequality between development beneficiaries and those who must bear the majority of the development costs is also addressed.

scholarly journals ON ANALYTICAL SUPPORT TOOLS FOR RESEARCH AND COST MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Ирина Петровна Курочкина ◽  
Людмила Александровна Маматова ◽  
Екатерина Сергеевна Чистякова ◽  
Степан Владимирович Крылов
Keyword(s):  
Cost Management ◽  
Workflow Management ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Software Development Project ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Enterprise Management System

В статье обоснована необходимость применения и предложены способы использования и адаптации инструментов управления потоком работ, ранее применявшимся для целей управления проектами по разработке программного обеспечения, к управлению затратами в промышленных НИОКР. Разработанная методика описывает последовательность применения соответствующих инструментов управления потоком и их взаимосвязь. Акцентированы отличия предложенной методики от типичных способов управления затратами на исследования и разработки с указанием ключевых точек взаимосвязи методики с другими элементами системы управления предприятием и его учетно-аналитического обеспечения. The article justifies the need to apply and proposes ways of using and adapting the workflow management tools previously used for software development project management to industrial R & C management. The developed methodology describes the sequence of application of the relevant flow control tools and their relationship. The differences between the proposed methodology and typical methods of managing research and development costs are emphasized, indicating the key points of interaction of the methodology with other elements of the enterprise management system and its accounting and analytical support.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document