Case study: Prediction and field tests of railway noise and effects of a low-height noise barrier

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-314
Author(s):  
Yuna Park ◽  
Hyo-In Koh ◽  
University of Science and Technology, Transpo ◽  
University of Science and Technology, Transpo ◽  
University of Science and Technology, Transpo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Railway Noise ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Noise Barrier ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
The Impact

Railway noise is calculated to predict the impact of new or reconstructed railway tracks on nearby residential areas. The results are used to prepare adequate counter- measures, and the calculation results are directly related to the cost of the action plans. The calculated values were used to produce noise maps for each area of inter- est. The Schall 03 2012 is one of the most frequently used methods for the production of noise maps. The latest version was released in 2012 and uses various input para- meters associated with the latest rail vehicles and track systems in Germany. This version has not been sufficiently used in South Korea, and there is a lack of standard guidelines and a precise manual for Korean railway systems. Thus, it is not clear what input parameters will match specific local cases. This study investigates the modeling procedure for Korean railway systems and the differences between calcu- lated railway sound levels and measured values obtained using the Schall 03 2012 model. Depending on the location of sound receivers, the difference between the cal- culated and measured values was within approximately 4 dB for various train types. In the case of high-speed trains, the value was approximately 7 dB. A noise-reducing measure was also modeled. The noise reduction effect of a low-height noise barrier system was predicted and evaluated for operating railway sites within the frame- work of a national research project in Korea. The comparison of calculated and measured values showed differences within 2.5 dB.

scholarly journals Impact of fractional order methods on optimized tilt control for rail vehicles

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazilah Hassan ◽  
Argyrios Zolotas
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Order ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Ride Quality ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Control Applications ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Methods Analytical ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAdvances in the use of fractional order calculus in control theory increasingly make their way into control applications such as in the process industry, electrical machines, mechatronics/robotics, albeit at a slower rate into control applications in automotive and railway systems. We present work on advances in high-speed rail vehicle tilt control design enabled by use of fractional order methods. Analytical problems in rail tilt control still exist especially on simplified tilt using non-precedent sensor information (rather than use of the more complex precedence (or preview) schemes). Challenges arise due to suspension dynamic interactions (due to strong coupling between roll and lateral dynamic modes) and the sensor measurement. We explore optimized PID-based non-precedent tilt control via both direct fractional-order PID design and via fractional-order based loop shaping that reduces effect of lags in the design model. The impact of fractional order design methods on tilt performance (track curve following vs ride quality) trade off is particularly emphasized. Simulation results illustrate superior benefit by utilizing fractional order-based tilt control design.

Reduction of ground-borne vibrations from rail lines on viaducts by means of elastic anti-vibration mats

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (5) ◽  
pp. 550-565
Author(s):  
Caiyou Zhao ◽  
Wang Ping ◽  
Mengting Xing ◽  
Qiang Yi ◽  
Liuchong Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Ground Vibration ◽  
Coupling System ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Track Bridge ◽  
Bridge Bearing ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the effectiveness of elastic anti-vibration mats in reducing ground-borne vibrations from rail viaducts is investigated by means of theoretical analysis and is validated by the results of field tests. A two-step procedure is adopted for analyzing the vehicle-track-bridge-soil coupling system. In the first step, the train-track-bridge-pier subsystem is considered, and the bridge-bearing reaction force is solved. In the second step, the pier-pile-soil subsystem is considered, and the ground vibration solution is obtained by applying the negative bridge-bearing reaction force to the pier top on a pier-pile-soil model. The accuracy of the presented model is then verified in comparison with in-situ measurement results. On the basis of this comparison, a parametric study on the impact of anti-vibration mats on ground-borne vibrations was investigated theoretically, and the effectiveness of elastic anti-vibration mats with the suggested optimal parameters was further validated by field tests. The results show that when the stiffness of the elastic anti-vibration mats is 1.5 MPa/m, ground vibration decreases significantly and the vertical rail displacement agrees with high-speed railway regulations.

scholarly journals Estimating the Uplift Bearing Capacity of Belled Piers Adjacent to Sloping Ground by Numerical Modeling Based on Field Tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yangchun Han ◽  
Jiulong Cheng ◽  
Weifeng Zheng ◽  
Shijun Ding
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Embedment Depth ◽  
Sloping Ground ◽  
Foundation Model ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

In order to evaluate the uplift bearing capacity of belled piers beside slopes, a series of numerical simulations are carried out based on field tests data. First, a number of uplift loading tests of full-scale belled piers are carried out on the project site of transmission line in Anhui Province, China. Second, a slope-foundation model for numerical modeling is proposed and calibrated based on field tests data. The behavior of belled piers adjacent to slopes subject to uplift load is studied by numerical modeling. The impact of three parameters, including distance (a) from the belled pier to the crest of the slope, slope angle (β), and embedment depth (h) of the belled pier, has been investigated on the uplift capacity of the belled pier. Based on the simulation results, an attenuation coefficient (ω) is put forward for evaluating the reduction of uplift bearing capacity of the belled pier. The results show that the coefficient ω is negatively correlated with distance a and depth h, and the influence of distance a is greater than that of depth h according to the results of variance analysis, but the difference is not significant by F test. Moreover, the empirical equation between attenuation coefficient ω and three key factors a, β, and h had been presented by a series of fitting.

Full scale field testing of temporary rockfall protection measures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Volkwein ◽  
Florian Hofstetter ◽  
Marc Hauser
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Front Surface ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Slope Surface ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rockfall Protection

<p>Temporary rockfall protection measures are often implemented by using so-called steel palisades. Such elements can described as a steel surface that is supported perpendicular to the slope surface. In the present case, several sheet piling sections are welded onto a steel frame to form an area 1.5m high and 3m long. At the lateral edges of the surface, steel sections, welded together to form a triangle, create the support of the front surface, so that one side of the triangle is parallel to the impact surface and another side is parallel to the slope surface. At the corners close to the ground, massive steel spikes allow penetration into the ground. The weight of a palisade is about 900kg. An example of such a palisade can be found in [1].</p><p>The above barriers are in usage since many years. However, their rockfall energy retention capacity has never been evaluated yet. For that reasons, the Swiss Federal Railways launched a project for a deeper understanding of the performance of the palisades; for an adequate selection of the protection measures and a reliable risk analyses with respect to the variety of rockfall events that can be expected at a specific construction site and might cause failure of a structure.</p><p>Failure limits of the palisades are expected regarding the following failure scenarios:</p><ul><li>tilting of the barrier over the valley side steel spikes</li> <li>displacement of the barrier due to insufficient action of the steel spikes</li> <li>failure of the front surface</li> </ul><p>In this contribution, the above mechanisms are evaluated by means of 1:1 field tests.  A detailed analysis of performance and failure states will be provided. Furthermore, potential solutions for simple but effective reinforcement of the barriers are discussed.</p><p>The field tests were carried out on a slope inclined at an angle of about 30 degrees. Test blocks with a minimum weight of 240kg are thrown onto the palisades with the help of a forestry cableway reaching impact speeds of up to 25m/s. The impact energies vary from 12 to 100 kJ. Impact location and impact speed are determined by means of laterally taken high-speed video records with a frame rate of up to 1000fps and a resolution of 800x600pxs. Furthermore, the accelerations in the test body were measured at 1000Hz and – for some of the tests - the acting anchorage forces at 5000Hz.</p><p> </p>

Investigations of Reduction Effect of Vertical Wall on Dam-Break-Simulated Tsunami Surge Exerted on Wharf Piles

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 1840006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Bruce W. Melville ◽  
N. A. K. Nandasena
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Vertical Wall ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Time History ◽  
Dam Break ◽  
Reservoir System ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Surge Height

For a preliminary investigation of the impact of a tsunami surge on wharf piles, a tsunami flume was built in a laboratory, and a dam break flow was generated by a gate-reservoir system to simulate a tsunami surge. In addition, a vertical wall was installed in front of the wharf model so that its effect in reducing tsunami load could be studied. Five different tsunami surge strengths were generated by this gate-reservoir system. Wave transducers were used in the test flume to capture surge heights and velocities, and hence the surge front profiles, for different surge strengths. High-speed video cameras (210 frames per second) were used to record the flow motion of the tsunami surge, and pressure sensors (1000[Formula: see text]Hz in frequency) were used to capture the time histories of the tsunami pressure on the wharf piles. Four stages of tsunami surge motions were observed by this high-speed camera. Accordingly, the pressure time history can be divided into three phases. In our experimental range, pressures were influenced by surge height and wall height, but not by the wall position. Based on the dimensionless experimental data (pile heights, surge heights, vertical wall heights, and surge pressures), equations for estimating tsunami loads on wharf pile are proposed, expressing surge front (peak impact) pressure and quasi-steady pressure as functions of surge height, wall height, and pile height.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ERRORS IN DETERMINATION OF TRACING SLOPE ON THE ACCURACY OF GEODETIC BASE FOR ROUTE

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Kostiantyn Mamonov ◽  
Svitlana Kamchatnaya ◽  
Yevhen Orel ◽  
Oleksandr Saiapin
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Route Length ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Artificial Development ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

The purpose of this article is to study and develop a methodological approach tosolving the problem of accuracy of the geodetic base of the route. For this purpose, the followingtasks are set: mathematical substantiation the dependence of the line length on the ratio of the traceslope and the guide slope; description of the function of optimal use of the guiding slope at highspeed; determination of the impact of errors in the course of the geodetic justification on the routelength. Starting from the determined point and further to the right, artificial development of the lineis required. Because when a trace is planed using level curves, this point can be reached sooner orlater, and in some cases, this point can not be reached not at all, the line length designed accordingto the plan will be slightly different than in the case of tracing with usage the exact data. Thus, theobtained results indicate the following. If the error positions during a high-speed segment are suchthat the ordnance datum of the passage is less than the truth, the route length will be less than thetrue and vice versa. This trivial result indicates that the location of geodetic support points ondifferent sides of the pass is not recommended. It is established that due to the accumulation of errorsin the transmission of coordinates in the working substantiation networks, the conditions of the linedesign and the amount of operating costs change. It is mathematically substantiated that the linelength depends on the depth of the excavation on the pass and the height of the embankment at thepoint, and also on the difference of ordnance datum at these points. The difference between the traceslope and the guiding slope has an inversely proportional effect. In addition, the function of optimaluse of the guide slope at a high-speed segment has the form of a broken line according to its fracturesthe need for artificial development of the route can be established. The influence of errors in the course of the working justification is manifested in the discrepancy between the true and projectedroute length. If this error is not taken into account, it will lead to significant overspending duringbuilding a longer line than necessary. Further development of the problem of increasing the accuracyof tracing and reducing the impact of errors is planned in the direction of creating methods of digitalmodelling and automated programs.

scholarly journals Study on the impact of the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway on regional economic equity based on economic performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Yang ◽  
Qiong Tong ◽  
Pan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Equity

AbstractAccording to the panel data of stations along the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway (BSHR) from 2008 to 2018, the influence of BSHR on regional economy of cities along the line is analyzed, and the influence of the opening of the BSHR on regional economic equity of cities along the line, through constructing the difference-in-differences model. The research result shows that the opening of the BSHR greatly promotes the growth of the GDP per capita of the site cities along the line and the optimal allocation of resources, such as labor, information and technology, and accelerates the two-way flow of factors of production between big cities and small and medium-sized cities at stations along the high-speed railway, makes high-quality resources from small and medium-sized cities flow to big cities along the line, while some backward resources from big cities gradually tilt toward small- and medium-sized cities along the line. In short, the opening of BSHR promotes the economic growth of the cities along the line, shortens the economic gap between the cities, is conducive to realizing regional economic equity.

Adaptive Differential Evolution Optimization-Based Noise-Level Measurement for High-Speed Railways

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812098300
Author(s):  
R. Ganesh Babu ◽  
C. Chellaswamy ◽  
T. S. Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Differential Evolution ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
Adaptive Differential Evolution ◽  
The Impact

This paper deals with the possibilities of estimating noise pollution created by high-speed railway systems in nearby locations. Railway systems have significant effects on the environment. Therefore, a college campus situated near a high-speed railway was selected as the study area. In this paper, an adaptive differential evolution optimization (ADEO) algorithm-based noise-level measurement is proposed. Various measurements such as the noise levels indoors, outdoors, and near the track were carried out in the college area and applied to ADEO for optimization. A study of the impact of railway noise on student learning was made. ADEO was used to predict the maximum noise level and the maximum noise distribution in the college area through the model. An experimental study was performed, and the results were compared with the estimated results. The results indicated the consistency of both the estimated and experimental results and the error as less than 1 dBA; the noise level exceeded 65 dBA in a few classrooms. Therefore, the proposed noise measurement for high-speed railway based on the ADEO technique has been considered as the most effective and superior optimization tool.

An Area-Based Faulting Measurement Method Using Three-Dimensional Pavement Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (40) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgene M. Geary ◽  
Yichang (James) Tsai ◽  
Yiching Wu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Automatic Testing ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Concrete Pavements ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
Manual Testing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Departments Of Transportation

Faulting is one of the three performance measures recognized by the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) for jointed concrete pavements. U.S. Federal Highway Administration rules developed for the CFR require the state Departments of Transportation to use the AASHTO Standard R 36, Standard Method for Evaluating Faulting of Concrete Pavements, for measurement of faulting. R 36 allows both manual testing using a faultmeter and automatic testing using a high-speed inertial profiler (HSIP). There is a concern in the literature that the HSIP methods are not accurate enough for network level testing of faulting. Recent studies have also shown that three-dimensional (3-D) laser technology is showing promise for providing more accurate faulting measurements. Still, there currently is not a specific method in R 36 that utilizes 3-D data for gathering faulting measurements. This paper proposes a new method that takes full advantage of the full-coverage capabilities of 3-D to measure faulting more accurately and consistently. This method uses the comparison of smoothed areas on both sides of a joint instead of a single longitudinal profile to measure elevation differences. Field tests were performed to compare the 3-D method with manual readings taken with a Georgia faultmeter on two sections of interstate in Georgia. In addition, the impact of various footprints and measuring locations of faulting measurements using this 3-D technology were quantitatively evaluated using the proposed method. Based on this case study the new proposed 3-D method appears to be appropriate to be considered to be added as a 3-D automatic method in AASHTO R 36.

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