In this study, we report a change of morphological distribution for PM2.5 air pollution in Ulaanbaatar. Comparing the measurement results in 2011 and 2017 the concentration of particle size 0.8μm was decreased from 92% to 76.7%. Among winter samples in 2011 it is identified 0.4-0.8μm sized particles covering 48.8% of total, and for samples in 2017 it is 61.7%. This shows that 0.4-0.8 microns of particulate matter predominate in the air pollution caused by solid fuel combustion. The 66.8% of the particles identified <0.8μm sized are in summer samples in 2011. This percentage has increased up to 94.5% in the samples in 2017. It is having been to the most harmful fraction of particulate matters for human health. About particulate shapes distribution, irregular shapes dominated in winter in 2011 and sphere shapes dominated in summer samples. While irregular shapes dominated in the samples in 2017, it was independent of season. This provides on origin of pollution, for example, the summer PM2.5 pollution is sphere shape from the soil in summer and winter PM2.5 pollution is irregular from the solid fuel combustion. This is a pilot compared study of PM2.5 particles in air pollution of Ulaanbaatar.
Air pollution from household solid fuel combustion in India: an overview of exposure and health related information to inform health research priorities
