Diversity of the genus \(\textit{Camellia}\) L. (Theaceae) in Lam Dong province

Through field survey and morphological research, this study has determined that the Camellia genus in Lam Dong province, Vietnam has a high diversity of morphological, distribution and taxa characteristics. The species of Camellia genus in Lam Dong province are mostly shrubs and small trees. The narrow oblong leaves are a very common and typical characteristic for Camellia in Lam Dong province. The flowers of the species of Camellia are diverse with four main colours is white, yellow, pink and purple. The fruits are globose, flattened globose, wrinkled or uneven edges. Especially, the obovoid fruit only occurs in Lam Dong province. Most of the species of Camellia genus in this province are endemic. The study has added ten species of the Camellia genus, brings the total of species of Camellia genus to Lam Dong province to between sixteen and twenty six. This is the first study to evaluate Camellia diversity in Lam Dong province. It is also the first complete statistics on the number of species of Camellia genus in Lam Dong province to confirm that this province is the second diversity centre of Camellia of Vietnam following the first centre in the North of Vietnam.

BI-RADS Reading of Non-Mass Lesions on DCE-MRI and Differential Diagnosis Performed by Radiomics and Deep Learning

BackgroundA wide variety of benign and malignant processes can manifest as non-mass enhancement (NME) in breast MRI. Compared to mass lesions, there are no distinct features that can be used for differential diagnosis. The purpose is to use the BI-RADS descriptors and models developed using radiomics and deep learning to distinguish benign from malignant NME lesions.Materials and MethodsA total of 150 patients with 104 malignant and 46 benign NME were analyzed. Three radiologists performed reading for morphological distribution and internal enhancement using the 5th BI-RADS lexicon. For each case, the 3D tumor mask was generated using Fuzzy-C-Means segmentation. Three DCE parametric maps related to wash-in, maximum, and wash-out were generated, and PyRadiomics was applied to extract features. The radiomics model was built using five machine learning algorithms. ResNet50 was implemented using three parametric maps as input. Approximately 70% of earlier cases were used for training, and 30% of later cases were held out for testing.ResultsThe diagnostic BI-RADS in the original MRI report showed that 104/104 malignant and 36/46 benign lesions had a BI-RADS score of 4A–5. For category reading, the kappa coefficient was 0.83 for morphological distribution (excellent) and 0.52 for internal enhancement (moderate). Segmental and Regional distribution were the most prominent for the malignant group, and focal distribution for the benign group. Eight radiomics features were selected by support vector machine (SVM). Among the five machine learning algorithms, SVM yielded the highest accuracy of 80.4% in training and 77.5% in testing datasets. ResNet50 had a better diagnostic performance, 91.5% in training and 83.3% in testing datasets.ConclusionDiagnosis of NME was challenging, and the BI-RADS scores and descriptors showed a substantial overlap. Radiomics and deep learning may provide a useful CAD tool to aid in diagnosis.

Morphological Compared Study of PM2.5 Particles in Air Pollution of Ulaanbaatar

In this study, we report a change of morphological distribution for PM2.5 air pollution in Ulaanbaatar. Comparing the measurement results in 2011 and 2017 the concentration of particle size 0.8μm was decreased from 92% to 76.7%. Among winter samples in 2011 it is identified 0.4-0.8μm sized particles covering 48.8% of total, and for samples in 2017 it is 61.7%. This shows that 0.4-0.8 microns of particulate matter predominate in the air pollution caused by solid fuel combustion. The 66.8% of the particles identified <0.8μm sized are in summer samples in 2011. This percentage has increased up to 94.5% in the samples in 2017. It is having been to the most harmful fraction of particulate matters for human health. About particulate shapes distribution, irregular shapes dominated in winter in 2011 and sphere shapes dominated in summer samples. While irregular shapes dominated in the samples in 2017, it was independent of season. This provides on origin of pollution, for example, the summer PM2.5 pollution is sphere shape from the soil in summer and winter PM2.5 pollution is irregular from the solid fuel combustion. This is a pilot compared study of PM2.5 particles in air pollution of Ulaanbaatar.

Mercury and selenium in developing and mature fruiting bodies of Amanita muscaria

Both mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) occur in many mushroom species, but the morphological distribution of these elements during different developmental stages of the fruiting bodies is not known. Although Amanita muscaria can be consumed after suitable processing, they are often ignored by mushroom foragers, leaving an abundance for investigative study. Multiple specimens in each of six developmental stages (button to fully mature) were collected in excellent condition during a single morning from the same forested location and composited. With an average of 30 specimens per composite, and low temporal, spatial, and measurement uncertainty, the data are likely to be representative of the typical concentrations of Hg and Se for each developmental stage. Hg (range 0.58–0.74 mg kg-1 dry weight cap; 0.33 to 0.44 mg kg-1 dw stipe) and Se (range 8.3–11 mg kg-1 dw cap; 2.2 to 4.3 mg kg-1 dw stipe) levels were observed to vary during the developmental stages, and the variability may relate to the demands in growth. In common with some other species, the lower stipe concentrations may be consistent with nutrient/contant transport and support functions. Both Hg and Se levels were lowest during periods of maximum sporocarp growth. Selenium occurs at almost an order of magnitude greater levels than Hg. Due to its role in mitigating the effects of Hg toxicity, this property is of significance to those who consume the species either for nutritional, medicinal, or recreational purposes, although the losses of both these elements during processing are not known.

Prediction Model for Morphological Distribution and Evolution of Submarine Cuttings Piles in Offshore Drilling

Summary Offshore oil and gas has effectively alleviated the global shortage of oil and gas resources, and drilling operations are becoming increasingly frequent. However, the cuttings discharged during surface drilling are transported and deposited to form cuttings piles, which pose a serious threat to the marine ecological environment. In this study, we consider the randomness and uncertainty of cuttings movement to divide the transport process into parabola and collision motion between the moving particles and slope particles after falling on the slope surface of cuttings piles. Through specific analysis of the stress state of a single particle in the transport process and changes in momentum distribution of the particle swarm, the evolution model of the morphological distribution of cuttings piles and the nearby flow field is established. This model can quantitatively analyze the evolution law of the morphological distribution of cuttings piles under the action of ocean current and the disturbance law of the flow field near the cuttings piles caused by the invasion of cuttings particles. Comparing the measured data at an offshore drilling field and prediction results of the model of Sun et al. (2020), the relative error of the model amounts to less than 15%, which demonstrates its rationality. The simulation results show that the morphological distribution of cuttings piles and the nearby flow field change significantly under the action of ocean current, and the intensity of evolution is related to the current velocity and cuttings size, which is of great significance for the quantitative analysis of the evolution of cuttings piles under the action of ocean currents and accurate prediction of their morphological distribution.

THE STUDY OF METAL VESSELSFROM ANATOLIA (III MILLENNIUM BC): MORPHOLOGY AND THE FINDS CONTEXT

Статья посвящена металлическим сосудам раннего и среднего периодов бронзового века Анатолии. Цель исследования – попытка провести анализ хронологического и морфологического распределения металлических сосудов в регионе и уточнить их назначение, социальные и ритуальные функции с позиций анализа контекста обнаружения. В соответствии с поставленной целью материал рассматривается в нескольких аспектах: динамика распространения металлической посуды во времени; морфология и материал находок; функциональное назначение и социальные практики использования металлических сосудов. Автор подчеркивает значение таких находок для определения комплекса как элитарного, а также в связи с их функциональным использованием в ходе общественно значимых событий, таких, как церемониальная трапеза, в том числе погребальное пиршество. Несмотря на относительную малочисленность данной группы находок, металлические сосуды следует рассматривать как один из важных признаков иерархической структуры раннегосударственного общества, сложения цивилизаций ближневосточного типа. Это косвенно подтверждается отсутствием металлической посуды в памятниках III тыс. до н. э. в Северном Причерноморье. The paper explores metal vessels from the early and the middle periods of the Anatolian Bronze Age. The study attempts to analyze the chronological and morphological distribution of metal vessels in this region and clarify their purpose, social and ritual functions by analyzing the context of archaeological finds. In line with this aim, metal vessels are considered from several aspects: changes in their distribution over time; morphology and the material the finds are made from; functional purpose and social practices metal vessels were used in. The author emphasizes relevance of such finds for categorizing assemblages containing metal vessels as elite ones as well as highlights their significance in relation with their use in socially important events such as ceremonial feasts, including funerary feasts. Despite a relatively limited number of finds attributed to this group, metal vessels should be regarded as one of eloquent markers of a hierarchical structure of society in early state formations and development of civilizations of the Near Eastern type. The said is indirectly confirmed by absence of metal vessels in the III mill. materials from the North Ponticregion.

Morphological Distribution of Galaxies in Some Nearby Clusters

We study the morphological distribution of galaxies in some nearby clusters, using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey – Data Release 9 (SDSS-DR9). The segregation between early-type galaxies and late-type ones is investigated in g – r / u – g color space, using the color cut u – r = 2.22. The results are compared with those obtained using a color cut that changes with magnitude. They are found to be consistent, particularly for late-type galaxies. The results obtained by the fixed color-cut criterion are also found to be consistent with those obtained by the inverse concentration index parameter, especially for early-type galaxies. Comparable results are obtained for the stacked sample, whose morphologies, given by the fixed color-cut criterion are compared with the visual morphologies provided by the Galaxy Zoo project. A good degree of consistency is seen, which becomes more evident for late-type galaxies.