Specification for chemical firelighters in solid form used for the ignition of solid fuels in residential heating and cooking appliances

This paper discusses key design and development issues in utilizing coal and other solid fuels in gas turbines. These fuels may be burned in raw form or processed to produce liquids or gases in more or less refined forms. The use of such fuels in gas turbines requires resolution of technology issues which are of little or no consequence for conventional natural gas and refined oil fuels. For coal, these issues are primarily related to the solid form in which coal is naturally found and its high ash and contaminant levels. Biomass presents another set of issues similar to those of coal. Among the key areas discussed are effects of ash and contaminant level on deposition, corrosion, and erosion of turbine hot parts, with particular emphasis on deposition effects.

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Emission factors of fine particulate matter, organic and elemental carbon, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide for four solid fuels commonly used in residential heating by the U.S. Navajo Nation

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association ◽

10.1080/10962247.2017.1334717 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 67 (9) ◽

pp. 1020-1035 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wyatt M. Champion ◽

Lea Connors ◽

Lupita D. Montoya

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Elemental Carbon ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Solid Fuels ◽

Navajo Nation ◽

Residential Heating ◽

Fine Particulate ◽

The U.S

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The Impact of Solid Fuel Residential Boilers Exchange on Particulate Matter Air Pollution

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11125400 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 5400

Author(s):

Silvie Koval ◽

Jiri Vytisk ◽

Jana Ruzickova ◽

Helena Raclavska ◽

Hana Skrobankova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Solid Fuel ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Solid Fuels ◽

Heating Season ◽

Daily Average ◽

Residential Heating ◽

Combustion Processes ◽

The Impact

Combustion processes, including the use of solid fuels for residential heating, are a widespread custom for many households. Residential heating is a significant source of ambient air pollution, yet it varies greatly by geography, meteorologic conditions, the prevalence of the type of solid fuel and the technologies used. This study evaluates whether residential heating affects the air quality through modelling three given scenarios of solid fuel boiler exchange at selected locations and comparing the results with measured data. The findings of this study suggest that according to the modelled data, the main air pollution contributor is residential heating since Dolni Lhota (daily average of PM10 = 44.13 μg·m−3) and Kravare (daily average of PM10 = 43.98 μg·m−3) are locations with no industry in contrast to heavily industrial Vratimov (daily average of PM10 = 34.38 μg·m−3), which were modelled for the heating season situation. Nevertheless, actual measurements of PM10 during the same period suggest that the average levels of air pollution were significantly higher than the modelled values for Dolni Lhota by 64% and for Kravare by 51%. Thus, it was assumed that PM long-range or/and transboundary transports were involved.

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