Single crystals of all-
trans
β
-carotene have been grown and spectroscopic, optical and electrical properties measured. Electronic absorption spectra have been measured at liquid nitrogen and room temperature, and the polarization of the absorption bands in the mono-clinic form determined. The polarization behaviour is briefly discussed. The electrical measurements include a determination of the dark conductivity, giving a value for the electrical activation energy of 1·45 eV. Some crystals were observed to give unusual voltage current characteristics and to give rise to current pulses at a steady applied voltage. Photoconductivity measurements show a weak peak at 25000 cm
-1
in the region where maximum light absorption occurs, and a much stronger peak at 13300 cm
-1
. The various processes which could be responsible for this and for the origin of the latter peak are discussed.
A new scheme of zero-sequence overcurrent protection of converter transformer based on zero-mode inrush current characteristics in station area
