scholarly journals Sodium-Based Osmotherapy in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: a Mathematical Approach

Kidney360 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Yee ◽  
Naushaba Mohiuddin ◽  
Tudor Gradinariu ◽  
Junior Uduman ◽  
Stanley Frinak
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Hypotonic Stress ◽  
End Stage Liver Disease ◽  
Vulnerable Patients ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Strategic Solution ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Rapid Correction

Cerebral edema, in a variety of circumstances, may be accompanied by states of hyponatremia. The threat of brain injury from hypotonic stress-induced astrocyte demyelination is more common when vulnerable patients with hyponatremia who have end stage liver disease, traumatic brain injury, heart failure, or other conditions undergo overly rapid correction of hyponatremia. These scenarios, in the context of declining urinary output from CKD and/or AKI, may require controlled elevations of plasma tonicity vis-à-vis increases of the plasma sodium concentration. We offer a strategic solution to this problem via sodium-based osmotherapy applied through a conventional continuous RRT modality: predilution continuous venovenous hemofiltration.

SURVEY IN SERUM ADH CONCENTRATION IN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY PATIENTS

2014 ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Dung Ngo ◽  
Thi Nhan Nguyen ◽  
Khanh Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Closed Head

Objective: Study on 106 patients with closed head injury, assessment of serum ADH concentration, correlation with Glasgow score, sodium and plasma osmotic pressure. Patients and methods: Patients with closed head injuries were diagnosed determined by computerized tomography, admitted to the Hue Central Hospital 72 hours ago. Results: (i) Serum concentration of ADH 42.21 ± 47.80 pg/ml. (ii) There is a negative correlation between serum levels of ADH with: (1) Glasgow point r = -0.323, p <0.01; (2) Plasma sodium concentration r = - 0.211, p > 0.05; (3) Plasma osmotic pressure r = - 0.218, p> 0.05. Conclusion: There is a negative correlation between serum levels of ADH with Glasgow scale, plasma sodium concentration and osmotic pressure in plasma. Key words: ADH traumatic brain injury.

Disorders of sodium in the critically ill

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard L. Corwin ◽  
John K. McIlwaine
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Risk Of Treatment ◽  
Clinical Problems ◽  
Rapid Correction

Disorders of plasma sodium concentration, hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia, are among the most common clinical problems observed in the critically ill. These disorders are often asymptomatic, although in some patients they may result in symptoms ranging in severity from minor to life threatening. Treatment of is primarily dependent on symptoms, although the acuteness of the disorder is also a consideration. The approach to the treatment of these disorders in individual patients involves balancing the risk of treatment versus the risk the disorder itself. More severe symptoms tend to occur with acute presentations, while too rapid correction can lead to complications.

Vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in chronically hyposmolar rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (4) ◽  
pp. R1028-R1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Verbalis ◽  
J. Dohanics
Keyword(s):  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Saline Solutions ◽  
Rapid Correction

Neurohypophysial secretion of vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) was studied in rats maintained under hyposmolar conditions for 10-24 days. Graded intravenous infusions of hypertonic saline solutions had no consistent effect on plasma AVP and OT levels until plasma sodium concentration ([Na+]) exceeded 130 mM, after which levels of both hormones increased as an exponential function of plasma [Na+]. Detectable increases in plasma AVP and OT began at significantly lower plasma [Na+] in hyposmolar rats than in normosmolar control rats (10.8 mM lower for AVP and 18.4 mM lower for OT). AVP and OT secretion in hyposmolar rats was also markedly blunted in response to nonosmotic stimuli, including acute and chronic hypovolemia and systemic administration of cholecystokinin. Cessation of 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin-induced antidiuresis resulted in an appropriately rapid correction of plasma [Na+] to normal levels within 24 h. Consequently, although chronic hyposmolarity caused a moderate downward resetting of the osmotic thresholds for AVP and OT secretion, it did not cause sustained deficits in osmoregulation. These results suggest that osmoreceptor activity is regulated to maintain extracellular fluid and plasma osmolality within narrow absolute ranges rather than responding to relative changes in osmolality.

scholarly journals Effects of Tissue Sodium Storage on Plasma Sodium Concentration in Response to Hypo- and Hypertonic Stimuli

Nephron ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Rosa D. Wouda ◽  
Rik H.G. Olde Engberink ◽  
Eliane F.E. Wenstedt ◽  
Jetta J. Oppelaar ◽  
Liffert Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Sodium Storage ◽  
Tissue Sodium

Effects of homologous atrial natriuretic peptide on drinking and plasma ANG II level in eels

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (5) ◽  
pp. R1605-R1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takamasa Tsuchida ◽  
Yoshio Takei
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Drinking Rate ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

The effects of eel atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on drinking were investigated in eels adapted to freshwater (FW) or seawater (SW) or in FW eels whose drinking was stimulated by a 2-ml hemorrhage. An intra-arterial infusion of ANP (0.3–3.0 pmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1), which increased plasma ANP level 1.5- to 20-fold, inhibited drinking dose dependently in all groups of eels. The drinking rate recovered to the level before ANP infusion within 2 h after infusate was replaced by saline. The inhibition at 3.0 pmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1was profound in FW eels and hemorrhaged FW eels, whereas significant drinking still remained after inhibition in SW eels. Plasma ANG II concentration also decreased dose dependently during ANP infusion and recovered to the initial level after saline infusion in all groups of eels. The decrease at 3.0 pmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1was large in FW eels and hemorrhaged FW eels compared with that of SW eels. Thus the changes in drinking rate and plasma ANG II level were parallel during ANP infusion. Plasma sodium concentration and osmolality decreased during ANP infusion in SW and FW eels, and they were restored after saline infusion. In hemorrhaged FW eels, however, ANP infusion did not alter plasma sodium concentration and osmolality. Hematocrit did not change during ANP infusion in any group of eels. Collectively, ANP infusion at physiological doses decreased drinking rate and plasma ANG II concentration in parallel in both FW and SW eels. It remains undetermined whether the inhibition of drinking is caused by direct action of ANP or through inhibition of ANG II, which is known as a potent dipsogen in all vertebrate species, including eels.

scholarly journals Plasma and Electrolyte Changes in Exercising Humans After Ingestion of Multiple Boluses of Pickle Juice

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. McKenney ◽  
Kevin C. Miller ◽  
James E. Deal ◽  
Julie A. Garden-Robinson ◽  
Yeong S. Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration

Context: Twenty-five percent of athletic trainers administer pickle juice (PJ) to treat cramping. Anecdotally, some clinicians provide multiple boluses of PJ during exercise but warn that repeated ingestion of PJ may cause hyperkalemia. To our knowledge, no researchers have examined the effect of ingesting multiple boluses of PJ on the same day or the effect of ingestion during exercise. Objective: To determine the short-term effects of ingesting a single bolus or multiple boluses of PJ on plasma variables and to characterize changes in plasma variables when individuals ingest PJ and resume exercise. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Nine euhydrated men (age = 23 ± 4 years, height = 180.9 ± 5.8 cm, mass = 80.7 ± 13.8 kg, urine specific gravity = 1.009 ± 0.005). Intervention(s): On 3 days, participants rested for 30 minutes, and then a blood sample was collected. Participants ingested 0 or 1 bolus (1 mL·kg−1 body weight) of PJ, donned sweat suits, biked vigorously for 30 minutes (approximate temperature = 37°C, relative humidity = 18%), and had a blood sample collected. They either rested for 60 seconds (0- and 1-bolus conditions) or ingested a second 1 mL·kg−1 body weight bolus of PJ (2-bolus condition). They resumed exercise for another 35 minutes. A third blood sample was collected, and they exited the environmental chamber and rested for 60 minutes (approximate temperature = 21°C, relative humidity = 18%). Blood samples were collected at 30 and 60 minutes postexercise. Main Outcome Measure(s): Plasma sodium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, plasma osmolality, and changes in plasma volume. Results: The number of PJ boluses ingested did not affect plasma sodium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, plasma osmolality, or changes in plasma volume over time. The plasma sodium concentration, plasma potassium concentration, and plasma osmolality did not exceed 144.6 mEq·L−1 (144.6 mmol·L−1), 4.98 mEq·L−1 (4.98 mmol·L−1), and 289.5 mOsm·kg−1H2O, respectively, in any condition at any time. Conclusions: Ingesting up to 2 boluses of PJ and resuming exercise caused negligible changes in blood variables. Ingesting up to 2 boluses of PJ did not increase plasma sodium concentration or cause hyperkalemia.

The response of plasma minerals, free fatty acids and glucose to adrenaline and cortisol infusion in sheep

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Bolton ◽  
T. E. C. Weekes
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Calcium ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Plasma Phosphate ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Magnesium

SUMMARYAdrenaline was infused at three rates, 40, 15 or 3 μ/kg/h, in normal sheep and in sheep rendered hypercortisolaemic by infusion of cortisol at 150 μg/kg/h. In both normal and hypercortisolaemic animals, plasma concentrations of glucose and free fatty acids were increased by adrenaline treatment; plasma phosphate decreased with all treatments; plasma magnesium and potassium decreased on infusion of adrenaline at 40 or 15, but not at 3 μg/kg/h; plasma calcium decreased only on infusion of adrenaline in hypercortisolaemic animals, and plasma sodium concentration was unaffected by treatment.Induction of a degree of lipolysis likely to occur in the field was not associated with a marked decrease in plasma magnesium.

scholarly journals Altering plasma sodium concentration rapidly changes blood pressure during haemodialysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 2181-2186 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Suckling ◽  
P. A. Swift ◽  
F. J. He ◽  
N. D. Markandu ◽  
G. A. MacGregor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration
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