scholarly journals Antifungal resistance modulation of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from brooder pneumonia affected birds by Eucalyptus globulus extracts

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-155
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Brooder pneumonia is a common respiratory problem during brooding period of poultry. It is most frequently caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. Use of azole drugs for treatment and prophylaxis results in resistance. The aim of this study was to determine whether the phytochemicals of Eucalyptus globulus are modulating resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. Lung samples n = 50 of dead broiler chicks were collected from different farms of Lahore. Out of 50 lung samples 28 % (14) were considered positive for Aspergillus fumigatus after observing their macroscopic, microscopic characteristics and by performing PCR by amplifying ITS1-ITS4 gene (597 base pairs) and RodA gene (313 base pairs). Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test was performed 14 isolates (100 %) were resistant towards both Fluconazole and Ketoconazole whereas 11 (78.57 %) were resistant towards Itraconazole. Eucalyptus globulus leaves were collected, and these were identified. Three solvent extracts were prepared. Maximum yield was of ethanolic extract. Antifungal activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion method. Highest antifungal activity was shown by Eucalyptus globulus Ethanol followed by chloroform and hexane extract showed no activity against any isolate then minimum inhibitory concentration of plant extracts that previously showed antifungal activity against isolates were evaluated by broth microdilution method. Modulation effect was checked by combining antifungal drug one by one with subinhibitory concentration of plant extract evaluated previously by broth microdilution method. 5 isolates were subjected into this experiment which are all sensitive towards Eucalyptus globulus ethanol and chloroform extracts tested previously in agar well diffusion test and MIC values were also evaluated. It was concluded that when Itraconazole was combined with E. globulus Ethanol extract then resistance was modified. Data of modulation was analyzed by One-way ANOVA and it reported P value of <0.05. It was synergistic inhibitory effect when Itraconazole was combined with Eucalyptus globulus Ethanol extract.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Micafungin in Serum

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 4559-4562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ishikawa ◽  
Tetsuo Maeda ◽  
Itaru Matsumura ◽  
Masato Yasumi ◽  
Hidetoshi Ujiie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Applied Dose

ABSTRACT We have evaluated the antifungal activity of micafungin in serum by using the disk diffusion method with serum-free and serum-added micafungin standard curves. Serum samples from micafungin-treated patients have been shown to exhibit adequate antifungal activity, which was in proportion to both the applied dose and the actual concentration of micafungin measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The antifungal activity of micafungin in serum was also confirmed with the broth microdilution method.

Antifungal Activity of Coumarins

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Montagner ◽  
Simone M. de Souza ◽  
Cláudia Groposo ◽  
Franco Delle Monache ◽  
Elza F. A. Smânia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Alkyl Group ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Mic Value

The antifungal activity of 40 coumarins was tested against the fungal strains: Candida albicans (ATCC 14053), Aspergillus fumigatus (ATCC 16913) and Fusarium solani (ATCC 36031), using the broth microdilution method. Osthenol showed the most effective antifungal activity among all the compounds tested, with a MIC value of 125 μg/ml for Fusarium solani and 250 μg/ml for Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. The antifungal potential of this prenylated coumarin can be related to the presence of an alkyl group at C-8 position.

scholarly journals Categorizing susceptibility of clinical isolates of Candida auris to amphotericin B, caspofungin, and fluconazole utilizing the CLSI M44-A2 disk diffusion method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie S. Nunnally ◽  
Tajah Damm ◽  
Shawn R. Lockhart ◽  
Elizabeth L. Berkow
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

We evaluated the CLSI M44ed3E disk diffusion method in comparison with the CLSI M27ed4 broth microdilution method for caspofungin and fluconazole and the Etest method for amphotericin B to categorize susceptibility of 347 clinical isolates of Candida auris. Utilizing the zone diameter cutoffs established here we observed the overall categorial agreement between the two methods. For caspofungin, concordant results were observed for 98% of isolates with <1% very major and 1% major errors. For fluconazole, concordant results were observed for 91% of isolates with 1% very major and 8% major errors. For amphotericin B, concordant results were observed for 74% of isolates with <1% very major errors and 25% major errors. The disk diffusion approach provides an accurate method for determining the susceptibility of C. auris for caspofungin and fluconazole, and for identification of at least 75% of amphotericin B-susceptible isolates.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Tigecycline in 67 Infected Patients and a Population Pharmacokinetics/Microbiological Evaluation of A. baumannii Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianli Yang ◽  
Hekun Mei ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Yun Cai
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetics ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

BackgroundThe widespread use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria such as multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (AB). Tigecycline (TGC), as the first glycylcycline antibiotic approved by FDA, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic which remains highly effective to treat AB infections.ObjectiveTo confirm the TGC treatment dosage and effectiveness to treat AB infections in the Chinese population by performing therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).MethodsThis study was performed from October 2018 through March 2019 at the PLA General Hospital. A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was validated and employed to determine the plasma concentrations of TGC in patients with infectious diseases. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of TGC to clinically isolated AB was determined by broth microdilution method, agar dilution method, and disk diffusion method. Moreover, a model of population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PPK/PD) was constructed.ResultsA total of 186 plasma samples from 67 patients were detected by the validated HPLC-MS/MS method. The MIC values determined by the broth microdilution method were more sensitive and accurate than the other two methods. The microbial and clinical PK/PD breakpoints were reached when the maintenance dose of TGC was 100 mg.ConclusionOur study established a validated HPLC-MS/MS method to monitor the plasma concentrations of TGC. In view of the MIC range to AB isolates in our hospital and the PPK/PD modeling results, we recommend a relatively high dose of 100 mg q12h regimen to achieve the optimal clinical efficacy and antimicrobial response.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Disk Diffusion Method for Determining Posaconazole Susceptibility of Filamentous Fungi: Comparison with CLSI Broth Microdilution Method

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 1108-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. López-Oviedo ◽  
A. I. Aller ◽  
C. Martín ◽  
C. Castro ◽  
M. Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

ABSTRACT The disk diffusion method was evaluated for determining posaconazole susceptibility against 78 strains of molds using two culture media in comparison with the CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute) broth microdilution method (M38-A). A significant correlation between disk diffusion and microdilution methods was observed with both culture media.

scholarly journals Protolichesterinic Acid: A Prominent Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Compound from the Lichen Usnea albopunctata

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishanth Kumar Sasidharan ◽  
Sreerag Ravikumar Sreekala ◽  
Rajesh Lakshmanan ◽  
Jubi Jacob ◽  
Dileep Kumar Bhaskaran Nair Saraswathy Amma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
First Time

The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial compounds present in the lichen Usnea albopunctata. Ethyl acetate extract was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain a major compound and the chemical structure was characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, 1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, UV, and HR-MS spectroscopic methods as protolichesterinic acid. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method and agar disc diffusion method against thirteen human pathogenic bacterial and four fungal strains. Protolichesterinic acid recorded significant broad spectrum antimicrobial property. The best antibacterial activity was recorded against K. pneumonia (0.25 μg/mL) and V. cholerae (0.5 μg/mL). Significant antifungal activity was recorded against T. rubrum (0.12 μg/mL), which is significantly better than the standard antifungal agent. Protolichesterinic acid is reported for the first time from Usnea albopunctata. Antifungal activity of protolichesterinic acid against medically important fungi is also reported for the first time. Thus the results of the present study suggest that protolichesterinic acid has significant antimicrobial activities and has the strong potential to be developed as an antimicrobial drug after further clinical evaluation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Revised Ceftaroline Disk Diffusion Breakpoints When Testing a Challenge Collection of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusIsolates

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helio S. Sader ◽  
Paul R. Rhomberg ◽  
Timothy B. Doyle ◽  
Robert K. Flamm ◽  
Rodrigo E. Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Error Rates ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar

ABSTRACTWe assessed ceftaroline disk diffusion breakpoints forStaphylococcus aureuswhen applying revised Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) ceftaroline MIC breakpoints. Disk-MIC correlation was evaluated by testing a challenge collection (n= 158) of methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) isolates composed of 106 randomly selected isolates plus 52 isolates with decreased susceptibility to ceftaroline (MIC, 1 to 16 μg/ml). Disk diffusion was performed with 30-μg disks and Mueller-Hinton agar from 2 manufacturers each. Revised CLSI susceptible (S)/susceptible dose-dependent (SDD)/resistant (R) MIC breakpoints of ≤1/2 to 4/≥8 μg/ml were applied. The disk breakpoints that provided the lowest error rates were CLSI S/R breakpoints of ≥25 mm/≤19 mm, with no very major (VM) or major (Ma) errors and with minor (Mi) error rates of 0.0% for ≥2 doubling dilutions above the I or SDD (≥I + 2), 22.1% for I or SDD plus or minus 1 doubling dilution (I ± 1), and 2.3% for ≤2 doubling dilutions below the I or SDD ≤I − 2 (overall Mi error rate, 16.5%). No mutation in the penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) was observed in 5 of 15 isolates with a ceftaroline MIC of 2 μg/ml; 3 of 11 isolates with a ceftaroline MIC of 1 μg/ml exhibited mutations in the penicillin-binding domain (PBD; 1 isolate) or in the non-PBD (2 isolates). All isolates except 1, with a ceftaroline MIC of ≥4 μg/ml, showed ≥1 mutation in the PBD and/or non-PBD. In summary, results from the disk diffusion method showed a good correlation with those from the reference broth microdilution method. Our results also showed that the ceftaroline MIC distribution of isolates with no mutations in the PBP2a goes up to 4 μg/ml, and reference broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods do not properly separate wild-type from non-wild-type isolates.

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