Vegetation conditions in various plant communities and their performance in district Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan

Six villages were registered for the experimental purpose/plantation where more than 25,000 plants were planted to develop range forest. These plants were developed at Marvi nursery PARC-Arid Zone Research Institute, Umerkot and some were purchased from private nursery situated at Mirpurkhas. Results revealed that maximum plants mortality rate was found at village Ratnore and lowest mortality of plants was observed at Mithrio Charan. Plants damaged due to unknown reason (natural), termite attack and diseases. In various locations most of plants were affected by termites than others biotic and abiotic factors. The most influenced plant was Prosopis cinerera. Maximum plants survived numbers of grafted ber was found at village Ratnore, the biomass production of green and dry grasses was taken after harvesting. A highest green grass weight 21812.58 kg and dry 3439.83 kg were observed from elephant grass stock and lowest green weight 5001.92 kg from Gatten grass and dry weight 477.57 kg per acre were recorded from Rhode grass 1 (Sabri). Gatten grass and Rhode grass 1 (Sabri) were found lower weight. All these seven grasses showed excellent performance except Elephant grass and Gatten grass. These two grasses needed more water as compared to remaining five species. These grasses when fed by goats their milk production was increased and goats like to feed these grasses. The pictures of these grasses showed their appearance and health irrigated by underground brackish water with more than 2200 ppm. Keywords: grown, plants, performance, Tharparkar.

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Salinity Problems in the Arid Zones. Arid Zone Research, Vol. XIV

Geographical Journal ◽

10.2307/1794150 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 128 (1) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

B. H. Farmer ◽

UNESCO

Keyword(s):

Arid Zone ◽

Arid Zones ◽

Arid Zone Research

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The role of nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and abiotic factors in the etiology of apple replant problems in the Granite Belt of Queensland

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9941177 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

pp. 1177 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

SR Dullahide ◽

GR Stirling ◽

A Nikulin ◽

AM Stirling

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Factors ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Granite Belt ◽

Pathogenicity Tests ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Orchard Soils ◽

Fusarium Tricinctum

Investigations of apple replant failure in the Granite Belt suggested that the problem had a complex etiology. Soil fertility was an important factor because apple seedlings grew best in replant soils with high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Consistent improvements in the growth of apple seedlings were obtained when typical orchard soils were treated with fenamiphos, confirming that lesion nematode was also an important component of the disease complex. Pratylenchus penetrans had been recognised as a pathogen of apples, and pathogenicity tests showed that P. jordanensis, another species widely distributed in the Granite Belt, had similar effects. Growth responses of apple seedlings were greater when soil was pasteurised than when it was treated with fenamiphos, suggesting that root pathogens other than nematodes were involved in apple replant failure. However, the primary cause probably differed between orchards because soils did not respond in the same manner to pasteurisation and nematicide treatments. Pathogenicity tests with 14 bacteria associated with apple roots showed no effect on the growth of apple seedlings. However, Fusarium tricinctum, Cylindrocarpon destructans, and Pythium sp. were implicated in the problem because they were consistently recovered from discoloured roots. In a factorial experiment involving nematodes and fungi in pots, P. jordanensis, P. penetrans, E. tricinctum, and C. destructans reduced the dry weight of apple roots but there was no interaction between nematodes and fungi.

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Water-Stress Influences on Three New Promising HLB-Tolerant Citrus Rootstocks

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7100336 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 336

Author(s):

Lidia Aparicio-Durán ◽

Frederick G. Gmitter ◽

Juan M. Arjona-López ◽

Rocío Calero-Velázquez ◽

Áurea Hervalejo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Water Status ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Emerging Diseases ◽

Carrizo Citrange ◽

Citrus Rootstock ◽

Chlorophyll Index ◽

Stress Influences ◽

Water Treatments

Drought and flooding conditions are increasingly common abiotic factors that affect citrus crops in both the Mediterranean Basin and Florida. Furthermore, emerging diseases, such as Huanglongbing (HLB), are a potential risk for these crops in those producing areas. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior under water-stress treatments of three new citrus rootstocks (UFR-6, B11R5T60, and 2247 x 6070-02-2) with reported tolerance of HLB, comparing them with a common commercial citrus rootstock (Carrizo citrange). Four water conditions were established: Control, Medium Water Stress (MWS), Drought, and Flooding. Chlorophyll index (SPAD), growth in height, relative growth rate, biomass (fresh and dry weight) and plant water status were evaluated. Citru rootstock response were different for each genotype; Carrizo citrange was negatively affected by all water treatments in the chlorophyll index (SPAD) and biomass production. By contrast, UFR-6 showed a positive response in SPAD and growth under MWS and Drought, B11R5T60 displayed similar behavior to Control under all water stresses, and the response of 2247 x 6070-02-2 under MWS treatment was adequate but was not under Drought or Flooding conditions. Our study describes the behavior of these promising new citrus rootstocks against water stress; B11R5T60 exhibiting the best performance. These results can be useful for the citrus industry to address water-stress problems in these crops.

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Vegetation dynamics under non-strong agricultural impact (by the example of Oktyabrsk village environs in the Uchalinskiy District of the Republic of Bashkortostan)

Samara Journal of Science ◽

10.17816/snv2021101119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 121-127

Author(s):

Nazar Nikolayevich Nazarenko ◽

Svetlana Yuryevna Batyusheva

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Vegetation Dynamics ◽

Vascular Plants ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Pasture Digression ◽

Plant Associations ◽

Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽

Principal Factors ◽

The Republic ◽

Agricultural Impact

Vegetation and its biotopes that are transitional between ruderal and natural ones have been researched in Oktyabrsk village environs (Uchalinskiy District of the Republic of Bashkortostan). The studied vegetation is characterized by rather low biodiversity values and high values of dominance 56 species of vascular plants are identified, 10-species plant communities with 23 clear identified dominant and co-dominant species prevail. Ruderal species are dominant and co-dominant for the majority of plant communities. Fifteen plant associations and specific biotopes have been defined by multivariate statistics methods. The identified associations are phytometers for detected principal abiotic factors. The detected associations form ordination series the authors have identified three biotopical centers (ruderal, birch forest and steppe), three biotopical series and three coenotic series, which are associated with high and temperate pasture loading levels and pasture digression series, forming an integrated succession system of the studied territory. It has been established that principal factors of associations forming is pasture loading level and the principal factors of biotopes forming are soil moistening and its variability, ombroregime (humidification level), termoregime and regime of continentality (temperature-varying amplitude).

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Competition between native and non-native plants.

Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions ◽

10.1079/9781789242171.0016 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 291-307

Author(s):

Elizabeth M. Wandrag ◽

◽

Jane A. Catford ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Plant Communities ◽

Native Species ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Invasion Biology ◽

Competitive Interactions ◽

Native Plant ◽

Native Plant Species ◽

New Locations ◽

Strength Of Competition

The introduction of species to new locations leads to novel competitive interactions between resident native and newly-arriving non-native species. The nature of these competitive interactions can influence the suitability of the environment for the survival, reproduction and spread of non-native plant species, and the impact those species have on native plant communities. Indeed, the large literature on competition among plants reflects its importance in shaping the composition of plant communities, including the invasion success of non-native species. While competition and invasion theory have historically developed in parallel, the increasing recognition of the synergism between the two themes has led to new insights into how non-native plant species invade native plant communities, and the impacts they have on those plant communities. This chapter provides an entry point into the aspects of competition theory that can help explain the success, dominance and impacts of invasive species. It focuses on resource competition, which arises wherever the resources necessary for establishment, survival, reproduction and spread are in limited supply. It highlights key hypotheses developed in invasion biology that relate to ideas of competition, outlines biotic and abiotic factors that influence the strength of competition and species' relative competitive abilities, and describes when and how competition between non-native and native plant species can influence invasion outcomes. Understanding the processes that influence the strength of competition between non-native and native plant species is a necessary step towards understanding the causes and consequences of biological invasions.

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Third Symposium on Environmental Physiology at the Negev Institute for Arid Zone Research

International Journal of Biometeorology ◽

10.1007/bf01804721 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 81-99

Keyword(s):

Arid Zone ◽

Environmental Physiology ◽

Arid Zone Research

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Arid Zone Research

Nature ◽

10.1038/169011a0 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 169 (4288) ◽

pp. 11-12

Keyword(s):

Arid Zone ◽

Arid Zone Research

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Sclerophylly and Foliar Nutrient Status of Mediterranean-Climate Plant Communities in Southern Australia

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9900459 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 459 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

RL Specht ◽

PW Rundel

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Mediterranean Climate ◽

Phosphorus Content ◽

Specific Area ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Foliar Phosphorus ◽

Foliar Nutrient ◽

Leaf Specific Area

An increase (percentage dry weight) in both lignin and cellulose (with a greater proportion of cellulose than lignin being formed) is associated with a decrease in the concentration of phosphorus (and of other related elements) per unit dry weight in the leaves of sunlit overstorey species, of both sclerophyll and savannah communities in the mediterranean climate of southern Australia. Simultaneously, crude protein decreases. Leaves become increasingly sclerophyllous (with a higher Sclerophyll Index), with lower crude protein (cytoplasm) per unit dry weight; thicker leaves with lower leaf specific area result. The degree of sclerophylly per unit foliar phosphorus content is a little higher in understorey species which are partially shaded by the overstorey canopy.

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