Faculty Opinions recommendation of The role of myosin II motor activity in distributing myosin asymmetrically and coupling protrusive activity to cell translocation.

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Myosin Ii

Magnesium Chloride is an Effective Therapeutic Agent for Prostate Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianna Maria Santos ◽  
Fazle Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Migration Speed ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition

Background: Reduced levels of magnesium can cause several diseases and increase cancer risk. Motivated by magnesium chloride’s (MgCl2) non-toxicity, physiological importance, and beneficial clinical applications, we studied its action mechanism and possible mechanical, molecular, and physiological effects in prostate cancer with different metastatic potentials.Methods: We examined the effects of MgCl2, after 24 and 48 hours, on apoptosis, cell migration, expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, and V-H+-ATPase, myosin II (NMII) and the transcription factor NF Kappa B (NFkB) expressions.Results: MgCl2 induces apoptosis, and significantly decreases migration speed in cancer cells with different metastatic potentials.  MgCl2 reduces the expression of V-H+-ATPase and myosin II that facilitates invasion and metastasis, suppresses the expression of vimentin and increases expression of E-cadherin, suggesting a role of MgCl2 in reversing the EMT. MgCl2 also significantly increases the chromatin condensation and decreases NFkB expression.Conclusions: These results suggest a promising preventive and therapeutic role of MgCl2 for prostate cancer. Further studies should explore extending MgCl2 therapy to in vivo studies and other cancer types.Keywords: Magnesium chloride, prostate cancer, migration speed, V-H+-ATPase, and EMT.

Respiratory response to partial paralysis in anesthetized dogs

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1583-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Oliven ◽  
E. C. Deal ◽  
S. G. Kelsen ◽  
N. S. Cherniack
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Inspiratory Time ◽  
Muscle Paralysis ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Spontaneously Breathing ◽  
Partial Paralysis

The ability to maintain alveolar ventilation is compromised by respiratory muscle weakness. To examine the independent role of reflexly mediated neural mechanisms to decreases in the strength of contraction of respiratory muscles, we studied the effects of partial paralysis on the level and pattern of phrenic motor activity in 22 anesthetized spontaneously breathing dogs. Graded weakness induced with succinylcholine decreased tidal volume and prolonged both inspiratory and expiratory time causing hypoventilation and hypercapnia. Phrenic peak activity as well as the rate of rise of the integrated phrenic neurogram increased. However, when studied under isocapnic conditions, increases in the severity of paralysis, as assessed from the ratio of peak diaphragm electromyogram to peak phrenic activity, produced progressive increases in inspiratory time and phrenic peak activity but did not affect its rate of rise. After vagotomy, partial paralysis induced in 11 dogs with succinylcholine also prolonged the inspiratory burst of phrenic activity, indicating that vagal reflexes were not solely responsible for the alterations in respiratory timing. Muscle paresis was also induced with gallamine or dantrolene, causing similar responses of phrenic activity and respiratory timing. Thus, at constant levels of arterial CO2 in anesthetized dogs, respiratory muscle partial paralysis results in a decrease in breathing rate without changing the rate of rise of respiratory motor activity. This is not dependent solely on vagally mediated reflexes and occurs regardless of the pharmacological agent used. These observations in the anesthetized state are qualitatively different from the response to respiratory muscle paralysis or weakness observed in awake subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals The distribution of myosin II in Dictyostelium discoideum slug cells.

1991 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 1267-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Eliott ◽  
P H Vardy ◽  
K L Williams
Keyword(s):  
Cell Motility ◽  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Multicellular Development ◽  
Insight Into

While the role of myosin II in muscle contraction has been well characterized, less is known about the role of myosin II in non-muscle cells. Recent molecular genetic experiments on Dictyostelium discoideum show that myosin II is necessary for cytokinesis and multicellular development. Here we use immunofluorescence microscopy with monoclonal and polyclonal antimyosin antibodies to visualize myosin II in cells of the multicellular D. discoideum slug. A subpopulation of peripheral and anterior cells label brightly with antimyosin II antibodies, and many of these cells display a polarized intracellular distribution of myosin II. Other cells in the slug label less brightly and their cytoplasm displays a more homogeneous distribution of myosin II. These results provide insight into cell motility within a three-dimensional tissue and they are discussed in relation to the possible roles of myosin II in multicellular development.

SURVEY ON THE OPINION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF SPORTS ACTIVITIES AMONG STUDENTS TRAINING IN THE "NURSES" AND "MIDWIVES"

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 640-646
Author(s):  
A. Bozhkova ◽  
K. Gerasimov
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Nurses And Midwives ◽  
Sports Activities

The aim of the research is, through a survey among students studying in the specialties "Nurse" and "Midwife", to study their opinion and attitude to the current models for conducting classes in the discipline "Sports", and in particular to their motor activity. The study involved students from the Medical University - Sofia (Faculty of Public Health and Branch "Prof. Dr. Ivan Mitev" - Vratsa). The tasks we set ourselves are: 1. To conduct a survey on the opinion and attitude of students to the discipline "Sport" and self-assessment of their physical activity; 2. To process and analyze the data from the survey; 3. To draw conclusions and formulate recommendations. To achieve the goal and tasks, a questionnaire with 18 questions was developed, and the obtained results will give us valuable information about motor culture, knowledge and skills about the role of sports during the training of the studied students and then in their future realization as specialists.

scholarly journals Myosin-II activity generates a dynamic steady state with continuous actin turnover in a minimal actin cortex

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonal ◽  
Kristina A. Ganzinger ◽  
Sven K. Vogel ◽  
Jonas Mücksch ◽  
Philipp Blumhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Actin Cortex ◽  
Actin Turnover ◽  
Cytoskeletal Dynamics

ABSTRACTDynamic reorganization of the actomyosin cytoskeleton allows a fine-tuning of cell shape that is vital to many cellular functions. It is well established that myosin-II motors generate the forces required for remodeling the cell surface by imparting contractility to actin networks. An additional, less understood, role of myosin-II in cytoskeletal dynamics is believed to be in the regulation of actin turnover; it has been proposed that myosin activity increases actin turnover in various cellular contexts, presumably by contributing to disassembly. In vitro reconstitution of actomyosin networks has confirmed the role of myosin in actin network disassembly, but factors such as diffusional constraints and the use of stabilized filaments have thus far limited the observation of myosin-assisted actin turnover in these networks. Here, we present the reconstitution of a minimal dynamic actin cortex where actin polymerization is catalyzed on the membrane in the presence of myosin-II activity. We demonstrate that myosin activity leads to disassembly and redistribution in this simplified cortex. Consequently, a new dynamic steady state emerges in which actin filaments undergo constant turnover. Our findings suggest a multi-faceted role of myosin-II in fast remodeling of the eukaryotic actin cortex.

scholarly journals Emerging Role of Nonmuscle Myosin II and Implications for NMMII Associated Deafness

2011 ◽  
Vol 145 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P209-P210
Author(s):  
Elliott Kozin ◽  
Bechara Kachar ◽  
Felipe Salles ◽  
Robert Adelstein ◽  
Xuefei Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Nonmuscle Myosin ◽  
Nonmuscle Myosin Ii

The Role of Supercoiling in the Motor Activity of RNA Polymerases

2018 ◽  
pp. 215-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annick Lesne ◽  
Jean-Marc Victor ◽  
Edouard Bertrand ◽  
Eugenia Basyuk ◽  
Maria Barbi
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Rna Polymerases

Role of myosin II tail sequences in its function and localization at the cleavage furrow in Dictyostelium

1999 ◽  
Vol 112 (13) ◽  
pp. 2195-2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shu ◽  
R.J. Lee ◽  
J.M. LeBlanc-Straceski ◽  
T.Q. Uyeda
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Head ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Equatorial Region ◽  
Chain Gene ◽  
Cleavage Furrow ◽  
Tail Domain ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Dictyostelium Myosin ◽  
Skeletal Myosin

Cytoplasmic myosin II accumulates in the cleavage furrow and provides the force for cytokinesis in animal and amoeboid cells. One model proposes that a specific domain in the myosin II tail is responsible for its localization, possibly by interacting with a factor concentrated in the equatorial region. To test this possibility, we have expressed myosins carrying mutations in the tail domain in a strain of Dictyostelium cells from which the endogenous myosin heavy chain gene has been deleted. The mutations used in this study include four internal tail deletions: Mydelta824-941, Mydelta943-1464, Mydelta943-1194 and Mydelta1156-1464. Contrary to the prediction of the hypothesis, immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that all mutant myosins were able to move toward the furrow region. Chimeric myosins, which consisted of a Dictyostelium myosin head and chicken skeletal myosin tail, also efficiently localized to the cleavage furrow. All these deletion and chimeric mutant myosins, except for Mydelta943-1464, the largest deletion mutant, were able to support cytokinesis in suspension. Our data suggest that there is no single specific domain in the tail of Dictyostelium myosin II that is required for its functioning at and localization to the cleavage furrow.

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