Faculty Opinions recommendation of Cell reorientation under cyclic stretching.

How Epithelial Cells Reorient in Response to Cyclic Stretching

10.21203/rs.3.rs-347408/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jui-Chien Lien ◽

Yu-Li Wang

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Myosin Ii ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Adherent Cells ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Relaxation Phase ◽

Cyclic Stretching ◽

The Difference ◽

Cell Reorientation

Abstract Many types of adherent cells are known to reorient upon uniaxial cyclic stretching perpendicularly to the direction of stretching to facilitate such important events as wound healing, angiogenesis, and morphogenesis. While this phenomenon has been documented for decades, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Using an on-stage stretching device that allowed programmable stretching with synchronized imaging, we found that the reorientation of NRK epithelial cells took place primarily during the relaxation phase when cells underwent rapid global retraction followed by extension transverse to the direction of stretching. Inhibition of myosin II caused cells to orient along the direction of stretching, whereas disassembly of microtubules enhanced transverse reorientation. Our results indicate distinct roles of stretching and relaxation in cell reorientation and implicate a role of myosin II-dependent contraction via a microtubule-modulated mechanism. The importance of relaxation phase also explains the difference between the responses to cyclic and static stretching.

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Cell reorientation under cyclic stretching

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/ncomms4938 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Ariel Livne ◽

Eran Bouchbinder ◽

Benjamin Geiger

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Stretching ◽

Cell Reorientation

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Cell Reorientation under Cyclic Stretching

Biophysical Journal ◽

10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.309 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 106 (2) ◽

pp. 42a ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ariel Livne ◽

Eran Bouchbinder ◽

Benjamin Geiger

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Stretching ◽

Cell Reorientation

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Cyclic stretching-induced epithelial cell reorientation is driven by microtubule-modulated transverse extension during the relaxation phase

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93987-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jui-Chien Lien ◽

Yu-li Wang

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Myosin Ii ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Adherent Cells ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Relaxation Phase ◽

Cyclic Stretching ◽

The Difference ◽

Cell Reorientation

AbstractMany types of adherent cells are known to reorient upon uniaxial cyclic stretching perpendicularly to the direction of stretching to facilitate such important events as wound healing, angiogenesis, and morphogenesis. While this phenomenon has been documented for decades, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Using an on-stage stretching device that allowed programmable stretching with synchronized imaging, we found that the reorientation of NRK epithelial cells took place primarily during the relaxation phase when cells underwent rapid global retraction followed by extension transverse to the direction of stretching. Inhibition of myosin II caused cells to orient along the direction of stretching, whereas disassembly of microtubules enhanced transverse reorientation. Our results indicate distinct roles of stretching and relaxation in cell reorientation and implicate a role of myosin II-dependent contraction via a microtubule-modulated mechanism. The importance of relaxation phase also explains the difference between the responses to cyclic and static stretching.

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Orientation of Smooth Muscle-Derived A10 Cells in Culture by Cyclic Stretching: Relationship between Stress Fiber Rearrangement and Cell Reorientation

ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE ◽

10.2108/zsj.17.617 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 617-624 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Kimihide Hayakawa ◽

Atsushi Hosokawa ◽

Katsumi Yabusaki ◽

Takashi Obinata

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Stress Fiber ◽

Cyclic Stretching ◽

Cells In Culture ◽

Cell Reorientation

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Uniaxial Cyclic Stretching Promotes Chromatin Accessibility of Gene Loci Associated With Mesenchymal Stem Cells Morphogenesis and Osteogenesis

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology ◽

10.3389/fcell.2021.664545 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Duo Zhang ◽

Ran Zhang ◽

Xiaoyuan Song ◽

Karen Chang Yan ◽

Haiyi Liang

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Chromatin Accessibility ◽

Cyclic Stretch ◽

Marker Genes ◽

Open Chromatin ◽

Cell Morphogenesis ◽

Cyclic Stretching ◽

Cell Reorientation

It has been previously demonstrated that uniaxial cyclic stretching (UCS) induces differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts in vitro. It is also known that interactions between cells and external forces occur at various aspects including cell–matrix, cytoskeleton, nucleus membrane, and chromatin. However, changes in chromatin landscape during this process are still not clear. The present study was aimed to determine changes of chromatin accessibility under cyclic stretch. The influence of cyclic stretching on the morphology, proliferation, and differentiation of hMSCs was characterized. Changes of open chromatin sites were determined by assay for transposase accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq). Our results showed that UCS induced cell reorientation and actin stress fibers realignment, and in turn caused nuclear reorientation and deformation. Compared with unstrained group, the expression of osteogenic and chondrogenic marker genes were the highest in group of 1 Hz + 8% strain; this condition also led to lower cell proliferation rate. Furthermore, there were 2022 gene loci with upregulated chromatin accessibility in 1 Hz + 8% groups based on the analysis of chromatin accessibility. These genes are associated with regulation of cell morphogenesis, cell–substrate adhesion, and ossification. Signaling pathways involved in osteogenic differentiation were found in up-regulated GO biological processes. These findings demonstrated that UCS increased the openness of gene loci associated with regulation of cell morphogenesis and osteogenesis as well as the corresponding transcription activities. Moreover, the findings also connect the changes in chromatin accessibility with cell reorientation, nuclear reorientation, and deformation. Our study may provide reference for directed differentiation of stem cells induced by mechanical microenvironments.

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Contractility Affects Stress Fiber Remodeling and Reorientation of the Endothelial Cells in Response to Mechanical Stretching

10.1115/imece1999-0406 ◽

1999 ◽

Author(s):

James H.-C. Wang ◽

Frank C.-P. Yin

Keyword(s):

Cell Shape ◽

Stress Fiber ◽

Stress Fibers ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Mechanical Stimuli ◽

Cyclic Stretching ◽

Cell Reorientation ◽

Mlc Phosphorylation ◽

Mechanical Stretching ◽

Dose Dependent

Abstract Actin cytoskeletal stress fibers are thought to be the major cellular constituents responsible for cell shape and locomotion. As such, stress fiber remodeling likely plays a major role in the cell reorientation responses to mechanical stimuli (Iba and Sumpio, 1991). The assembly and dis-assembly of stress fibers in non-muscle cells are mediated by contractility via the interaction of actin and myosin (Chrzanowska-Wodnicka and Burridge, 1996). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) also play an important role in organization of stress fibers (Hinshaw et al., 1991). Since cyclic stretching can enhance production of certain ROS, including H2O2 (Howard et al., 1997) and H2O2 stimulates, in a time- and dose-dependent manner, myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation (Zhao and Davis, 1998), stress fiber remodeling and cell reorientation in response to cyclic stretching should be affected by changes in contractility — including changes in ROS. The roles of these factors have not been carefully examined.

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