Faculty Opinions recommendation of Translesion Polymerases Drive Microhomology-Mediated Break-Induced Replication Leading to Complex Chromosomal Rearrangements.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony Carr
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Complex Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Translesion Polymerases ◽  
Break Induced Replication

scholarly journals Translesion Polymerases Drive Microhomology-Mediated Break-Induced Replication Leading to Complex Chromosomal Rearrangements

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 860-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia J. Sakofsky ◽  
Sandeep Ayyar ◽  
Angela K. Deem ◽  
Woo-Hyun Chung ◽  
Grzegorz Ira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Complex Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Translesion Polymerases ◽  
Break Induced Replication

scholarly journals Nuclear Envelope Integrity in Health and Disease: Consequences on Genome Instability and Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7281
Author(s):  
Benoit R. Gauthier ◽  
Valentine Comaills
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Genome Instability ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complex Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Dna Release ◽  
Sting Pathway ◽  
Eukaryote Genome

The dynamic nature of the nuclear envelope (NE) is often underestimated. The NE protects, regulates, and organizes the eukaryote genome and adapts to epigenetic changes and to its environment. The NE morphology is characterized by a wide range of diversity and abnormality such as invagination and blebbing, and it is a diagnostic factor for pathologies such as cancer. Recently, the micronuclei, a small nucleus that contains a full chromosome or a fragment thereof, has gained much attention. The NE of micronuclei is prone to collapse, leading to DNA release into the cytoplasm with consequences ranging from the activation of the cGAS/STING pathway, an innate immune response, to the creation of chromosomal instability. The discovery of those mechanisms has revolutionized the understanding of some inflammation-related diseases and the origin of complex chromosomal rearrangements, as observed during the initiation of tumorigenesis. Herein, we will highlight the complexity of the NE biology and discuss the clinical symptoms observed in NE-related diseases. The interplay between innate immunity, genomic instability, and nuclear envelope leakage could be a major focus in future years to explain a wide range of diseases and could lead to new classes of therapeutics.

scholarly journals Metabolic Effects of Recurrent Genetic Aberrations in Multiple Myeloma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Timon A. Bloedjes ◽  
Guus de Wilde ◽  
Jeroen E. J. Guikema
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Chromosomal Translocations ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Complex Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Cancer Cell Metabolism ◽  
The Many

Oncogene activation and malignant transformation exerts energetic, biosynthetic and redox demands on cancer cells due to increased proliferation, cell growth and tumor microenvironment adaptation. As such, altered metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, which is characterized by the reprogramming of multiple metabolic pathways. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically heterogeneous disease that arises from terminally differentiated B cells. MM is characterized by reciprocal chromosomal translocations that often involve the immunoglobulin loci and a restricted set of partner loci, and complex chromosomal rearrangements that are associated with disease progression. Recurrent chromosomal aberrations in MM result in the aberrant expression of MYC, cyclin D1, FGFR3/MMSET and MAF/MAFB. In recent years, the intricate mechanisms that drive cancer cell metabolism and the many metabolic functions of the aforementioned MM-associated oncogenes have been investigated. Here, we discuss the metabolic consequences of recurrent chromosomal translocations in MM and provide a framework for the identification of metabolic changes that characterize MM cells.

Complex chromosomal rearrangements in an unusual variant of hairy cell leukemia

1992 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Nacheva ◽  
Patricia Fischer ◽  
Sheila O'Connor ◽  
David Bloxham ◽  
Catherine Hoggarth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hairy Cell Leukemia ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Hairy Cell ◽  
Cell Leukemia ◽  
Complex Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Unusual Variant

scholarly journals Evidence for Replicative Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Leading to Oncogenic Translocation and Gene Amplification

2002 ◽  
Vol 196 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Difilippantonio ◽  
Simone Petersen ◽  
Hua Tang Chen ◽  
Roger Johnson ◽  
Maria Jasin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Dna Cleavage ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
End Joining ◽  
Telomere Capture ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Recombination Activating Gene ◽  
Dna Repair Protein ◽  
Break Induced Replication

Nonreciprocal translocations and gene amplifications are commonly found in human tumors. Although little is known about the mechanisms leading to such aberrations, tissue culture models predict that they can arise from DNA breakage, followed by cycles of chromatid fusion, asymmetric mitotic breakage, and replication. Mice deficient in both a nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair protein and the p53 tumor suppressor develop lymphomas at an early age harboring amplification of an IgH/c-myc fusion. Here we report that these chromosomal rearrangements are initiated by a recombination activating gene (RAG)-induced DNA cleavage. Subsequent DNA repair events juxtaposing IgH and c-myc are mediated by a break-induced replication pathway. Cycles of breakage-fusion-bridge result in amplification of IgH/c-myc while chromosome stabilization occurs through telomere capture. Thus, mice deficient in NHEJ provide excellent models to study the etiology of unbalanced translocations and amplification events during tumorigenesis.

scholarly journals dbVar structural variant cluster set for data analysis and variant comparison

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lon Phan ◽  
Jeffrey Hsu ◽  
Le Quang Minh Tri ◽  
Michaela Willi ◽  
Tamer Mansour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Copy Number Variations ◽  
Structural Variant ◽  
Variant Type ◽  
External Data ◽  
Cluster Set ◽  
Genomic Location ◽  
Complex Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Genomic Regions

dbVar houses over 3 million submitted structural variants (SSV) from 120 human studies including copy number variations (CNV), insertions, deletions, inversions, translocations, and complex chromosomal rearrangements. Users can submit multiple SSVs to dbVAR  that are presumably identical, but were ascertained by different platforms and samples,  to calculate whether the variant is rare or common in the population and allow for cross validation. However, because SSV genomic location reporting can vary – including fuzzy locations where the start and/or end points are not precisely known – analysis, comparison, annotation, and reporting of SSVs across studies can be difficult. This project was initiated by the Structural Variant Comparison Group for the purpose of generating a non-redundant set of genomic regions defined by counts of concordance for all human SSVs placed on RefSeq assembly GRCh38 (RefSeq accession GCF_000001405.26). We intend that the availability of these regions, called structural variant clusters (SVCs), will facilitate the analysis, annotation, and exchange of SV data and allow for simplified display in genomic sequence viewers for improved variant interpretation. Sets of SVCs were generated by variant type for each of the 120 studies as well as for a combined set across all studies. Starting from 3.64 million SSVs, 2.5 million and 3.4 million non-redundant SVCs with count >=1 were generated by variant type for each study and across all studies, respectively. In addition, we have developed utilities for annotating, searching, and filtering SVC data in GVF format for computing summary statistics, exporting data for genomic viewers, and annotating the SVC using external data sources.

scholarly journals Generation of a whole chromosome painting probe from monochromosomal hybrid cells by the alu-polymerase chain reaction

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Drakulic ◽  
Gordana Nikcevic ◽  
Vesna Djordjevic ◽  
Milena Stevanovic
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Painting ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Painting Probe ◽  
Complex Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Complex Chromosome ◽  
Whole Chromosome Painting

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) has become a widespread technique applicable in basic science and diagnostics. Chromosome painting represents a special application of FISH that has found increasing use in identification of complex chromosome rearrangements. Here we present a version of the Alu-PCR method modified to generate a whole chromosome painting probe (WCP) for human chromosome 19 using monochromosomal cell hybrids. In setting up conditions for this method, we established a cheap and fast approach to generation of WCPs for other human chromosomes that could be particularly useful for unambiguous identification of complex chromosomal rearrangements associated with cancer. .

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