Faculty Opinions recommendation of The impact of chronic stress on the predictors of acute stress-induced eating in women.

AbstractChronic stress is associated with impacting eating behavior, namely food choice and energy intake, with a shift towards more palatable and energy dense foods. Additionally, eating behavior is influenced by other psychological factors like mood and emotions. The categorization of people into eating types such as restrained, emotional, and external eaters has gained attraction. Reported changes in eating behavior due to psychological stress are only occasionally accompanied by measures of physiological hunger through ghrelin. The primary objective of this study was to investigate how chronic stress and acute cortisol reactivity affect active ghrelin secretion and how these outcomes account for different eating types. 16 healthy, young males (age: 23 ± 3 years, BMI: 22.5 ± 1.3kg/m2) with low (n = 8) and average-to-high (n = 8) chronic stress level were subjected to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and a control version on two separate days. Active ghrelin, cortisol, glucose, and heart rate were measured throughout the test. Subjects rated their hunger by means of visual analog scale and current mood was assessed with the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). In addition, participants filled out the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) to account for their subjective eating behavior. Overall ghrelin values where higher on the test day compared to the control day. Ghrelin values were also higher during the time leading up to the stress or control test (TSST) than during the conclusion of said tests. On both days, mean values for active ghrelin where higher in individuals with low chronic stress exposure compare to those with average-to-high chronic stress exposure. While values from test to control day decreased for lower stressed participants, they slightly increased for higher stressed participants. Cortisol responders displayed higher ghrelin values on test day than cortisol non-responders, but this association inverted for the control day. Results indicate that chronic stress influences acute stress response and further alters active ghrelin production, which in turn can influence eating behavior. Replication in a greater group of participants of differing weight and sex could yield a greater understanding of stress induced eating. Factors such as relaxation techniques and coping mechanisms could further improve our knowledge and evaluate treatment possibilities.

Differential Impact of Acute and Chronic Stress on CA1 Spatial Coding and Gamma Oscillations

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnbeh.2021.710725 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Anupratap Tomar ◽

Denis Polygalov ◽

Thomas J. McHugh

Keyword(s):

Chronic Stress ◽

Cognitive Processing ◽

Structural Integrity ◽

Spatial Information ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Field Potential ◽

Gamma Oscillations ◽

Spatial Coding ◽

Chronic and acute stress differentially affect behavior as well as the structural integrity of the hippocampus, a key brain region involved in cognition and memory. However, it remains unclear if and how the facilitatory effects of acute stress on hippocampal information coding are disrupted as the stress becomes chronic. To examine this, we compared the impact of acute and chronic stress on neural activity in the CA1 subregion of male mice subjected to a chronic immobilization stress (CIS) paradigm. We observed that following first exposure to stress (acute stress), the spatial information encoded in the hippocampus sharpened, and the neurons became increasingly tuned to the underlying theta oscillations in the local field potential (LFP). However, following repeated exposure to the same stress (chronic stress), spatial tuning was poorer and the power of both the slow-gamma (30–50 Hz) and fast-gamma (55–90 Hz) oscillations, which correlate with excitatory inputs into the region, decreased. These results support the idea that acute and chronic stress differentially affect neural computations carried out by hippocampal circuits and suggest that acute stress may improve cognitive processing.

Enhanced pelvic responses to stressors in female CRF-overexpressing mice

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00626.2006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 292 (4) ◽

pp. R1429-R1438 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

M. Million ◽

L. Wang ◽

M. P. Stenzel-Poore ◽

S. C. Coste ◽

P. Q. Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Stress ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Fecal Pellet ◽

Similar Response ◽

Wild Type ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Ambulatory Activity ◽

Novel Environment ◽

Pelvic Viscera ◽

Acute stress affects gut functions through the activation of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors. The impact of acute stress on pelvic viscera in the context of chronic stress is not well characterized. We investigated the colonic, urinary, and locomotor responses monitored as fecal pellet output (FPO), urine voiding, and ambulatory activity, respectively, in female and male CRF-overexpressing (CRF-OE) mice, a chronic stress model, and their wild-type littermates (WTL). Female CRF-OE mice, compared with WTL, had enhanced FPO to 2-min handling (150%) and 60-min novel environment (155%) but displayed a similar response to a 60-min partial restraint stress. Female CRF-OE mice, compared with WTL, also had a significantly increased number of urine spots (7.3 ± 1.4 vs. 1.3 ± 0.8 spots/h) and lower locomotor activity (246.8 ± 47.8 vs. 388.2 ± 31.9 entries/h) to a novel environment. Male CRF-OE mice and WTL both responded to a novel environment but failed to show differences between them in colonic and locomotor responses. Male WTL, compared with female WTL, had higher FPO (113%). In female CRF-OE mice, the CRF1/CRF2 receptor antagonist astressin B and the selective CRF2 receptor agonist mouse urocortin 2 (injected peripherally) prevented the enhanced defecation without affecting urine or locomotor responses to novel environment. RT-PCR showed that CRF1 and CRF2 receptors are expressed in the mouse colonic tissues. The data show that chronic stress, due to continuous central CRF overdrive, renders female CRF-OE mice to have enhanced pelvic and altered behavioral responses to superimposed mild stressors and that CRF1-initiated colonic response is counteracted by selective activation of CRF2 receptor.

Differential impact of acute and chronic stress on CA1 spatial coding and gamma oscillations

10.1101/2021.04.23.441067 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anupratap Tomar ◽

Denis Polygalov ◽

Thomas McHugh

Keyword(s):

Chronic Stress ◽

Cognitive Processing ◽

Structural Integrity ◽

Spatial Information ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Field Potential ◽

Gamma Oscillations ◽

Spatial Coding ◽

AbstractChronic and acute stress differentially affect behaviour, as well as the structural integrity of the hippocampus, a key brain region involved in cognition and memory. However, it remains unclear if and how the facilitatory effects of acute stress on hippocampal information coding are disrupted as the stress becomes chronic. To examine this, we compared the impact of acute and chronic stress on neural activity in the CA1 subregion of male mice subjected to a chronic immobilization stress paradigm. We observed that following first exposure to stress (acute stress), the spatial information encoded in the hippocampus sharpened and the neurons became increasingly tuned to the underlying theta oscillation in the local field potential (LFP). However, following repeated exposure to same stress (chronic stress), spatial tuning was poorer and the power of both the slow-gamma (30-50 Hz) and fast-gamma (55-90 Hz) oscillations, which correlate with excitatory inputs into the region, decreased. These results support the idea that acute and chronic stress differentially affect neural computations carried out by hippocampal circuits and suggest that acute stress may improve cognitive processing.

Genetic Factors Mediate the Impact of Chronic Stress and Subsequent Response to Novel Acute Stress

Frontiers in Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnins.2019.00438 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elena E. Terenina ◽

Sonia Cavigelli ◽

Pierre Mormede ◽

Wenyuan Zhao ◽

Cory Parks ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Stress ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Subsequent Response ◽

Effect of acute stress on auditory processing: a systematic review of human studies

Reviews in the Neurosciences ◽

10.1515/revneuro-2016-0043 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Zahra Jafari ◽

Bryan E. Kolb ◽

Majid H. Mohajerani

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Chronic Stress ◽

Auditory Processing ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Human Life ◽

Large Body ◽

Different Types ◽

The Impact ◽

Near Future ◽

High Possibility

AbstractStress is an integral part of modern life. Although there is a large body of literature regarding the harmful effects of chronic stress on different aspects of human life, acute stress is the most common form of stress, resulting from the demands and pressures of the recent past and the anticipated demands and pressures of the near future. In spite of its pervasive nature, less attention has been paid to the impact of acute stress on sensory processing than to the consequences of chronic stress, particularly concerning auditory processing. In this systematic review, the impact of experimental acute stress on the auditory processing of healthy adults was investigated. The results revealed the adverse effects of acute physical and psychological stresses on auditory processing. According to the open field of research on stress and the auditory system and the high possibility of experiencing different types of acute stresses in various life environments, including testing places, it seems that more investigations are needed to identify and manage different types of acute stresses in both clinical and research situations.

Impact of Stress on Epilepsy: Focus on Neuroinflammation—A Mini Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22084061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 4061

Author(s):

Claudia Espinosa-Garcia ◽

Helena Zeleke ◽

Asheebo Rojas

Keyword(s):

Chronic Stress ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Preclinical Research ◽

Outcome Severity ◽

State Depression ◽

The Impact ◽

Insight Into

Epilepsy, one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide, is characterized by recurrent seizures and subsequent brain damage. Despite strong evidence supporting a deleterious impact on seizure occurrence and outcome severity, stress is an overlooked component in people with epilepsy. With regard to stressor duration and timing, acute stress can be protective in epileptogenesis, while chronic stress often promotes seizure occurrence in epilepsy patients. Preclinical research suggests that chronic stress promotes neuroinflammation and leads to a depressive state. Depression is the most common psychiatric comorbidity in people with epilepsy, resulting in a poor quality of life. Here, we summarize studies investigating acute and chronic stress as a seizure trigger and an important factor that worsens epilepsy outcomes and psychiatric comorbidities. Mechanistic insight into the impact of stress on epilepsy may create a window of opportunity for future interventions targeting neuroinflammation-related disorders.

The impact of chronic stress burden of 520-d isolation and confinement on the physiological response to subsequent acute stress challenge

Behavioural Brain Research ◽

10.1016/j.bbr.2014.12.011 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 281 ◽

pp. 111-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Buqing Yi ◽

Sandra Matzel ◽

Matthias Feuerecker ◽

Marion Hörl ◽

Camilla Ladinig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Stress ◽

Physiological Response ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Stress Burden ◽

Psychosocial Stress and Attitudes Toward Substance Use Among College Students: An Exploratory Study

Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research ◽

10.24839/2325-7342.jn25.4.338 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 338-348

Author(s):

Dominique Kornely ◽

Kameko Halfmann

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Chronic Stress ◽

Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽

Psychosocial Stress ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Childhood Experiences ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

Substance use occurs on college campuses nationwide and is among the top threats to college-student health. The present study aimed to explore the impact of stress on substance use attitudes. The independent variable was acute psychosocial stress, induced using the Trier Social Stress Test. We measured chronic stress using the Adverse Childhood Experiences questionnaire. The Alcohol Purchase Task (i.e., alcohol demand, alcohol breakpoint, alcohol expenditure) and the Cognitive Appraisal of Risky Events-Revised questionnaire (i.e., expected involvement with substances and expected benefits and consequences of using substances) were the dependent variables. We predicted that participants who completed the acute stress task would report greater attitudes toward substance use behaviors and this would be more pronounced for those with higher levels of chronic stress. Acute stress did not affect willingness to pay for alcohol, F(3, 85) = 0.55, p = .65, ηp2 = 0.02, or expected positive or negative consequences from engaging in substance use, F(3, 85) = 0.44, p = .73, ηp2 = 0.02. There was a small positive association between chronic stress, as measured by adverse childhood experiences, and expected use, ρ(89) = .22, p = .04. In exploratory analyses, we found expected positive benefits of substance use to be significantly associated with expected future involvement, whereas expected negative consequences of substance use was associated with expected future involvement. Our results imply that acute and chronic stress were not significant in predicting substance use behaviors. Rather, those who expect benefits are more likely to use substances.

Acute and chronic stress prevents responses to pain in zebrafish: evidence for stress-induced analgesia

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.224527 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 223 (14) ◽

pp. jeb224527 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jack S. Thomson ◽

Anthony G. Deakin ◽

Andrew R. Cossins ◽

Joseph W. Spencer ◽

Iain S. Young ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Stress ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Model Organism ◽

Opioid Antagonist ◽

Laboratory Procedure ◽

Nociceptive Responses ◽

As Stress ◽

Swimming Trajectories ◽

ABSTRACTThe state of an animal prior to the application of a noxious stimulus can have a profound effect on their nociceptive threshold and subsequent behaviour. In mammals, the presence of acute stress preceding a painful event can have an analgesic effect whereas the presence of chronic stress can result in hyperalgesia. While considerable research has been conducted on the ability of stress to modulate mammalian responses to pain, relatively little is known about fish. This is of particular concern given that zebrafish (Danio rerio) are an extensively used model organism subject to a wide array of invasive procedures where the level of stress prior to experimentation could pose a major confounding factor. This study, therefore, investigated the impact of both acute and chronic stress on the behaviour of zebrafish subjected to a potentially painful laboratory procedure, the fin clip. In stress-free individuals, those subjected to the fin clip spent more time in the bottom of the tank, had reduced swimming speeds and less complex swimming trajectories; however, these behavioural changes were absent in fin-clipped fish that were first subject to either chronic or acute stress, suggesting the possibility of stress-induced analgesia (SIA). To test this, the opioid antagonist naloxone was administered to fish prior to the application of both the stress and fin-clip procedure. After naloxone, acutely stressed fin-clipped zebrafish exhibited the same behaviours as stress-free fin-clipped fish. This indicates the presence of SIA and the importance of opioid signalling in this mechanism. As stress reduced nociceptive responses in zebrafish, this demonstrates the potential for an endogenous analgesic system akin to the mammalian system. Future studies should delineate the neurobiological basis of stress-induced analgesia in fish.