Effect of acute stress on auditory processing: a systematic review of human studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Jafari ◽  
Bryan E. Kolb ◽  
Majid H. Mohajerani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future ◽  
High Possibility

AbstractStress is an integral part of modern life. Although there is a large body of literature regarding the harmful effects of chronic stress on different aspects of human life, acute stress is the most common form of stress, resulting from the demands and pressures of the recent past and the anticipated demands and pressures of the near future. In spite of its pervasive nature, less attention has been paid to the impact of acute stress on sensory processing than to the consequences of chronic stress, particularly concerning auditory processing. In this systematic review, the impact of experimental acute stress on the auditory processing of healthy adults was investigated. The results revealed the adverse effects of acute physical and psychological stresses on auditory processing. According to the open field of research on stress and the auditory system and the high possibility of experiencing different types of acute stresses in various life environments, including testing places, it seems that more investigations are needed to identify and manage different types of acute stresses in both clinical and research situations.

The Impact of Mental States on Semi-autonomous Driving Takeover Performance: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1372-1376
Author(s):  
Gaojian Huang ◽  
Christine Petersen ◽  
Brandon J. Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Manual Control ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

Semi-autonomous vehicles still require drivers to occasionally resume manual control. However, drivers of these vehicles may have different mental states. For example, drivers may be engaged in non-driving related tasks or may exhibit mind wandering behavior. Also, monitoring monotonous driving environments can result in passive fatigue. Given the potential for different types of mental states to negatively affect takeover performance, it will be critical to highlight how mental states affect semi-autonomous takeover. A systematic review was conducted to synthesize the literature on mental states (such as distraction, fatigue, emotion) and takeover performance. This review focuses specifically on five fatigue studies. Overall, studies were too few to observe consistent findings, but some suggest that response times to takeover alerts and post-takeover performance may be affected by fatigue. Ultimately, this review may help researchers improve and develop real-time mental states monitoring systems for a wide range of application domains.

The Impact of Classroom Chatter Noise on Comprehension: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252110059
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Lamotte ◽  
Aziz Essadek ◽  
Gérard Shadili ◽  
Jean-Michel Perez ◽  
Julien Raft
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Student Comprehension ◽  
The Impact

Communication through discussion and conversations is fundamental to human life; but when such discourse escapes the control of a teacher in the classroom, it becomes little more than chatter. This noise challenges teaching methods and the teaching stance with students. Yet, its impact on comprehension has rarely been studied. The aim of this literature review was to examine the research on the impact of classroom noise generated by chatter on students’ comprehension performance. We adopted the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metanalysis) guidelines to examine this literature. This review covered a 10-year period (papers written between 2009 and 2019), with nine experimental studies selected from the 2,954 papers screened. In 89% of these nine studies, there were significant comprehension differences on all tests, revealed when comprehension took place in a noisy environment due to chatter. This review indicated an essential need for a field survey to better understand the impact of chatter on comprehension. Other studies are recommended to highlight any correlation between measured chatter and student comprehension in a real classroom environment.

scholarly journals The impact of chronic stress and eating types on active ghrelin levels in response to acute stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Fahrngruber ◽  
Kalina Duszka ◽  
Jürgen König
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
The Impact

AbstractChronic stress is associated with impacting eating behavior, namely food choice and energy intake, with a shift towards more palatable and energy dense foods. Additionally, eating behavior is influenced by other psychological factors like mood and emotions. The categorization of people into eating types such as restrained, emotional, and external eaters has gained attraction. Reported changes in eating behavior due to psychological stress are only occasionally accompanied by measures of physiological hunger through ghrelin. The primary objective of this study was to investigate how chronic stress and acute cortisol reactivity affect active ghrelin secretion and how these outcomes account for different eating types. 16 healthy, young males (age: 23 ± 3 years, BMI: 22.5 ± 1.3kg/m2) with low (n = 8) and average-to-high (n = 8) chronic stress level were subjected to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and a control version on two separate days. Active ghrelin, cortisol, glucose, and heart rate were measured throughout the test. Subjects rated their hunger by means of visual analog scale and current mood was assessed with the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). In addition, participants filled out the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) to account for their subjective eating behavior. Overall ghrelin values where higher on the test day compared to the control day. Ghrelin values were also higher during the time leading up to the stress or control test (TSST) than during the conclusion of said tests. On both days, mean values for active ghrelin where higher in individuals with low chronic stress exposure compare to those with average-to-high chronic stress exposure. While values from test to control day decreased for lower stressed participants, they slightly increased for higher stressed participants. Cortisol responders displayed higher ghrelin values on test day than cortisol non-responders, but this association inverted for the control day. Results indicate that chronic stress influences acute stress response and further alters active ghrelin production, which in turn can influence eating behavior. Replication in a greater group of participants of differing weight and sex could yield a greater understanding of stress induced eating. Factors such as relaxation techniques and coping mechanisms could further improve our knowledge and evaluate treatment possibilities.

scholarly journals Research Insights on Neural Effects of Auditory Deprivation and Restoration in Unilateral Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolijn Vanderauwera ◽  
Elisabeth Hellemans ◽  
Nicolas Verhaert
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Unilateral Hearing Loss ◽  
Auditory Input ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Functional Neuroplasticity ◽  
The Impact

Neuroplasticity following bilateral deafness and auditory restoration has been repeatedly investigated. In clinical practice, however, a significant number of patients present a severe-to-profound unilateral hearing loss (UHL). To date, less is known about the neuroplasticity following monaural hearing deprivation and auditory input restoration. This article provides an overview of the current research insights on the impact of UHL on the brain and the effect of auditory input restoration with a cochlear implant (CI). An exhaustive systematic review of the literature was performed selecting 38 studies that apply different neural analyses techniques. The main results show that the hearing ear becomes functionally dominant after monaural deprivation, reshaping the lateralization of the neural network for auditory processing, a process that can be considered to influence auditory restoration. Furthermore, animal models predict that the onset time of UHL impacts auditory restoration. Hence, the results seem to advocate for early restoration of UHL, although further research is required to disambiguate the effects of duration and onset of UHL on auditory restoration and on structural neuroplasticity following UHL deprivation and restoration. Ongoing developments on CI devices compatible with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examinations will provide a unique opportunity to investigate structural and functional neuroplasticity following CI restoration more directly.

scholarly journals Differential Impact of Acute and Chronic Stress on CA1 Spatial Coding and Gamma Oscillations

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupratap Tomar ◽  
Denis Polygalov ◽  
Thomas J. McHugh
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Spatial Coding ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress ◽  
The Impact

Chronic and acute stress differentially affect behavior as well as the structural integrity of the hippocampus, a key brain region involved in cognition and memory. However, it remains unclear if and how the facilitatory effects of acute stress on hippocampal information coding are disrupted as the stress becomes chronic. To examine this, we compared the impact of acute and chronic stress on neural activity in the CA1 subregion of male mice subjected to a chronic immobilization stress (CIS) paradigm. We observed that following first exposure to stress (acute stress), the spatial information encoded in the hippocampus sharpened, and the neurons became increasingly tuned to the underlying theta oscillations in the local field potential (LFP). However, following repeated exposure to the same stress (chronic stress), spatial tuning was poorer and the power of both the slow-gamma (30–50 Hz) and fast-gamma (55–90 Hz) oscillations, which correlate with excitatory inputs into the region, decreased. These results support the idea that acute and chronic stress differentially affect neural computations carried out by hippocampal circuits and suggest that acute stress may improve cognitive processing.

scholarly journals Protective effect of honey on learning and memory impairment, depression and neurodegeneration induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Asiye Rafiee Sardooi ◽  
◽  
Parham Reisi ◽  
Azadeh Yazdi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Memory Deficit ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Chronic stress, which has been prevalent in human life, induce structural changes in the hippocampus. Depression and impairment of memory are serious comorbidities of chronic stress. In this study, we evaluated the impact of an Iranian honey pretreatment on memory deficit, depression and the hippocampal neuronal loss in the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were divided into the control groups that received water or honey (0.2 or 2g/kg) and CUMS groups that subjected different, randomly and unpredictable mild stressors for 4 weeks. Ten days before starting the CUMS procedures, the animals received honey (0.2 or 2g/kg, daily, orally), which was continued until sacrificing. Morris water maze and sucrose performance tests were used to evaluate the spatial learning and memory and depressive-like behavior in the animals respectively. Hippocampus and whole brain samples were collected for further biochemical and histological analysis. Results: Honey reversed the depression-like behavior and ameliorated the spatial memory deficit induced by CUMS. Also, honey decreased cell death in the hippocampus and reduced the malondialdehyde level in treated animals. Conclusion: These results revealed that honey diminished learning and memory deficits and depression in chronic stress conditions.

scholarly journals The Impact of Indian myth on Occidental selected Poems

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (120) ◽  
pp. 61-90
Author(s):  
فادي بطرس كرومي حبش
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
American Poetry ◽  
Western Literature ◽  
The Waste Land ◽  
Waste Land ◽  
The Third ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

The current study deals with the impact and influence of the Indian myth on western literature in general and on the British and American poetry in particular. The concept of myth and its origin is somehow shadowy and ambiguous. At the same time, it penetrates all the various aspects of human life. Myth overtakes all the borders to become an international heritage for human civilization. Four poems have been chosen: T S Eliot’s  The Waste Land, William Butler Yeats’s Supernatural Songs, Anashuya and Vijaya and Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Brahma. This paper falls into three sections. The first one concentrates on the definition and concept of myth, its origin, its development, and its different types. Also, it concentrates on the two Indian myths kinds, namely; the Hindu and the Buddhist. Then, it tackles the relation between myth and literature, beside the way in which myth becomes an adherent part of human heritage. The second part analyzes texts from Occidental selected poems. The Indian myth takes part in reshaping and building the context and structure of the poem to give a meaning to their atmosphere of the poem itself. The third section deals with the most important findings of the research.

scholarly journals Hope, Agency, and the Lived Experience of Violence: A Qualitative Systematic Review of Children’s Perspectives on Domestic Violence and Abuse

2019 ◽  
pp. 152483801984958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Arai ◽  
Ali Heawood ◽  
Gene Feder ◽  
Emma Howarth ◽  
Harriet MacMillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Child Centered ◽  
Review Reports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Domestic Violence And Abuse

There is a large body of research on the impact of domestic violence and abuse (DVA) on children, mostly reporting survey data and focusing largely on psychological outcomes. Qualitative research on the views of children has the potential to enable a child-centered understanding of their experience of DVA, so their needs can be better met by professionals. This systematic review reports general findings from the ViOlence: Impact on Children Evidence Synthesis (VOICES) project that synthesized published qualitative research on the experiences of DVA from the perspective of children and young people. A thematic synthesis of 33 reports identified six themes: lived experience of DVA, children’s agency and coping, turning points and transitions, managing relationships postseparation, impact of DVA on children, and children’s expressions of hope for the future. We conclude that professionals working with children affected by DVA should be mindful of the diversity in children’s experiences and listen carefully to children’s own accounts.

scholarly journals The Impact of Autoantibodies on IVF Treatment and Outcome: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Simopoulou ◽  
Konstantinos Sfakianoudis ◽  
Evangelos Maziotis ◽  
Sokratis Grigoriadis ◽  
Polina Giannelou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Central Database ◽  
The Impact

The role of autoantibodies in in vitro fertilization (IVF) has been discussed for almost three decades. Nonetheless, studies are still scarce and widely controversial. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive systematic review on the possible complications associated to autoantibodies (AA) impeding the chances of a successful IVF cycle. An Embase, PubMed/Medline and Cochrane Central Database search was performed on 1 December 2018, from 2006 until that date. From the 598 articles yielded in the search only 44 relevant articles ultimately fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were qualitatively analyzed. Five subsets of results were identified, namely, thyroid related AA, anti-phospholipid antibodies, anti-nuclear antibodies, AA affecting the reproductive system and AA related to celiac disease. It may be implied that the majority of auto-antibodies exert a statistically significant effect on miscarriage rates, whereas the effects on clinical pregnancy and live birth rates differ according to the type of auto-antibodies. While significant research is performed in the field, the quality of evidence provided is still low. The conduction of well-designed prospective cohort studies is an absolute necessity in order to define the impact of the different types of autoantibodies on IVF outcome.

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