Faculty Opinions recommendation of VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL): Effects of Vitamin D Supplements on Risk of Falls in the US Population.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Mason
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
The Us ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Vital Effects ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

scholarly journals VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL): Effects of Vitamin D Supplements on Risk of Falls in the US Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. 2929-2938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryl S LeBoff ◽  
Elle M Murata ◽  
Nancy R Cook ◽  
Peggy Cawthon ◽  
Sharon H Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Hospital Visit ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
The Us ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
Risk Of Falls

Abstract Context It is unclear whether vitamin D supplementation reduces risk of falls, and results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are conflicting. Objective The objective of this work is to determine whether 2000 IU/day of supplemental vitamin D3 decreases fall risk. Design VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) is a double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT including 25 871 adults, randomly assigned November 2011 to March 2014 and treated for 5.3 years (median). Setting This is a nationwide study. Participants Men 50 years or older and women 55 years or older (mean age, 67.1 years) without cancer or cardiovascular disease at baseline participated in this study. Interventions Interventions included vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol; 2000 IU/day) and/or omega-3 fatty acids (1 g/day) or respective placebos in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Main Outcome Measures Main outcome measures include 2 or more falls and falls resulting in a doctor or hospital visit. Results Baseline serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level was 77 nmol/L; characteristics were well-balanced between groups. Numbers of participants with 2 or more falls were similar between active and placebo groups (9.8% vs 9.4%). Over 5 years, there were no differences in the proportion having 2 or more falls (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.90-1.05, P = .50), falls resulting in a doctor visit (OR = 1.03; 95% CI, 0.94-1.13, P = .46), or resulting in a hospital visit (OR = 1.04; 95% CI, 0.90-1.19, P = .61) between groups. Results did not differ between those with baseline 25(OH)D less than 50 vs 50 nmol/L or greater or other cut points. Conclusion Daily supplemental vitamin D3 vs placebo did not decrease fall risk in generally healthy adults not selected for vitamin D insufficiency. This large RCT does not indicate that supplemental vitamin D should be used for primary prevention of falls in the US population.

scholarly journals Baseline characteristics of participants in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL): Effects on Bone Structure and Architecture

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 56-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Donlon ◽  
Meryl S. LeBoff ◽  
Sharon H. Chou ◽  
Nancy R. Cook ◽  
Trisha Copeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Vital Effects ◽  
Baseline Characteristics

Vitamin D Supplements and the Risk of Falls

2015 ◽  
Vol 175 (10) ◽  
pp. 1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Bolland ◽  
Andrew Grey ◽  
Ian R. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

scholarly journals Delay in assessing vitamin D supplements and live vaccines for tuberculosis, polio, and measles to protect people from Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gisselquist
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Live Vaccines ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Experimental Use ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: In March 2020, less than three months after China reported a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, the United States (US) government budgeted money to support development of Covid-19 vaccines. By mid-December 2020, two had been developed, tested, and received the US government’s experimental use authorization. Given evidence that vitamin D supplements and live vaccines for tuberculosis, polio, and measles reduce risks for acute respiratory infection, many experts hypothesized they might reduce risks for Covid-19 infection. Expedited randomized controlled trials, as done for Covid-19 vaccines, could have assessed their protection against C19 no later than end-July 2020. Methods: On 21 April 2021, I searched trial registries maintained by the US National Institutes of Medicine and the World Health Organization for trials with ≥400 participants to assess vitamin D or live vaccines to prevent Covid-19 infections (all or symptomatic). On 10-13 November 2021, I searched PubMed and medRxiv for results reported from these trials.Results: In April 2021, I found 32 trials (9 for vitamin D and 23 for live vaccines) proposing to assess the impact of these interventions on rates of new Covid-19 infections (all or symptomatic). Only 10 trials proposed to begin by June 2020, and only one to end in 2020. My search on 10-13 November 2021, almost 11 months after the US approved the first two Covid-19 vaccines, found results reported from only one of the 32 trials (live measles vaccine significantly reduced new symptomatic infections). Conclusions: If health experts had demonstrated similar urgency in assessing vitamin D supplements and live vaccines for tuberculosis, polio, and measles as in developing Covid-19 vaccines, trials could have reported by end-July 2020. Depending on what trials reported, these interventions could have prevented a large percentage of more than 600,000 Covid-19 deaths reported in the US from August 2020 through November 2021. Delay in assessing vitamin D has racial implications as well, since vitamin D deficiency and Covid-19 deaths in the US have been far more common among Blacks and Hispanics compared to Whites. Going forward, depending on what trials report, these interventions could help people live with Covid-19 as an endemic virus.

Vitamin D Supplements and the Risk of Falls—Reply

2015 ◽  
Vol 175 (10) ◽  
pp. 1724
Author(s):  
Erin S. LeBlanc ◽  
Roger Chou
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

Vitamin D supplements and marine omega-3 fatty acids and development of advanced cancer.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1510-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulette Chandler ◽  
Wendy Y. Chen ◽  
Oluremi Ajala ◽  
Aditi Hazra ◽  
Nancy Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Total Cancer ◽  
Factorial Trial ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

1510 Background: Epidemiologic data suggest that vitamin D supplementation may reduce cancer mortality. We tested whether vitamin D and/or omega-3 supplementation reduces the incidence of advanced stage cancer at diagnosis or lethal cancer, and whether body mass index (BMI) modifies these associations. Methods: The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) is a randomized, placebo-controlled, 2x2 factorial trial of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol, 2000 IU/day) and marine omega-3 fatty acids (1 g/day) that enrolled men aged ≥50 years and women aged ≥55 years free of cancer and cardiovascular disease at baseline. For this particular analysis, the primary outcome is a composite of metastatic and fatal invasive total cancer. Secondary analyses included examination of BMI (<25, 25-<30, and >= 30 kg/m2) as effect modifiers of the observed associations. Results: VITAL randomized 25,871 participants, among whom 1,617 were diagnosed with invasive cancer over a median 5.3 year intervention period. No significant differences by treatment arm (vitamin D vs placebo: hazard ratio [HR]=0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-1.06; p=0.47; omega-3 vs placebo; HR 1.03 [0.93-1.13]; p=0.56) were observed. However, a significant reduction in advanced cancers (metastatic or fatal) was found for those randomized to vitamin D, compared to placebo (226 assigned to vitamin D and 274 to placebo; HR 0.83 [0.69-0.99]; p=0.036). There was no difference by omega-3 assignment (246 assigned to omega-3 and 254 to placebo: HR 0.97 [0.81-1.15], p=0.72). When stratified by BMI, there was a significant reduction for the vitamin D arm in incident metastatic or fatal cancer among those with normal BMI (BMI<25: HR 0.62 [0.45-0.86], but not among those who were overweight or obese (BMI 25-<30: HR 0.89 [0.68-1.17]; BMI >=30: HR 1.05 [0.74-1.49]); p for interaction by BMI =0.03. There was no effect modification by BMI noted for the omega 3 arm. Conclusions: In a randomized clinical trial, supplementation with vitamin D, but not omega-3s, reduced incidence of advanced (metastatic or fatal) cancer in the overall cohort, with strongest risk reduction in normal weight individuals. Further research is needed to understand these findings. Clinical trial information: NCT01169259.

Ernährung bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 258-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Keyßer
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Rheumatoide Arthritis ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Per Se

ZusammenfassungEinflüsse der Ernährung auf das Risiko, eine rheumatische Erkrankung zu entwickeln, sind in erster Linie für die rheumatoide Arthritis (RA), in geringerem Maße auch für Spondyloarthritiden (SpA) und entzündliche Bindegewebserkrankungen gesichert. Die Inzidenz der RA ist mit kindlicher Unterernährung und niedrigem Geburtsgewicht assoziiert, die der SpA mit der Dauer des Stillens im Säuglings-alter. Einzelne Nahrungskomponenten wie Seefisch mit hohem Fettgehalt, Zitrusfrüchte oder geringe Alkoholmengen können protektiv auf das RA-Risiko wirken. Raucher haben ein per se deutlich erhöhtes Risiko für eine RA, welches durch vermehrte Kochsalzzufuhr und Übergewicht potenziert wird. Zahlreiche Interventionsstudien haben versucht, den Nutzen einzelner Kostformen bei etablierter RA nachzuweisen. Dazu gehören neben verschiedenen Fastenformen auch Elementardiäten, Eliminationsdiäten und andere hypoaller-gene Kostformen sowie Studien zu veganer und glutenfreier Ernährung. Die Mehrzahl dieser Untersuchungen ist in Qualität und Aussagekraft unbefriedigend geblieben. Allerdings ist eine an den Prinzipien der Mittelmeerkost ausgerichtete Ernährung wahrscheinlich von Nutzen für RA-Patienten, auch wenn die positiven Effekte in erster Linie die Reduktion des kardiovaskulären Risikos betreffen. Nahrungsergänzungsmittel werden häufig für die Anwendung bei etablierter RA beworben, allerdings lassen sich positive Effekte nur für Fischölkapseln in ausreichend hoher Dosierung von Omega-3-Fettsäuren nachweisen. Die Zufuhr von Eisenpräparaten und Vitamin D sollte nicht unkritisch erfolgen, sondern an objektiven Kriterien ausgerichtet werden. Probiotika sind aufgrund neuer Erkenntnisse zu Pathogenese rheumatischer Erkrankungen in kleineren Studien bei RA und SpA zum Einsatz gekommen, haben jedoch bisher keinen überzeugenden Wirksamkeitsnachweis gezeigt.

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