scholarly journals Testing of paraffin oil efficiency against grape powdery mildew in Eger wine region

2016 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Xénia Pálfi ◽  
Dénes Bisztray ◽  
Szabolcs Villangó ◽  
Zita Pálfi ◽  
Tamás Deák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Erysiphe Necator ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
Paraffin Oil ◽  
Wine Region ◽  
Grape Varieties

The aim of the present study was to examine the efficiency of paraffin oil against powdery mildew in Eger wine region. The experiment has been carried out in 2013 and 2014 with Chardonnay and Kékfrankos grape varieties, which have different resistance against powdery mildew. The effectiveness of the oil was examined on leaves and clusters (frequency and intensity). This oil was effective against Erysiphe necator infection on field trials in Chile and Brazil. The spread of downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) was also inhibited by this material in some experiments conducted in Spain and France. The differences between oil treatments represented the sensitivity of the grape varieties in accordance with the applied dosages. The oil was effective against powdery mildew with different extent as a result of the so called ”vintage effect”. In 2013, the treatment of the highest dosage (D3) didn’t differed significantly in frequency and intensity of infection from the regular treatment (clusters of Kékfrankos, leaves of Chardonnay). In 2014, the oil was not so effective against powdery mildew compared to 2013. No remarkable differences were detected between the treatments due to the strong pressure of powdery mildew. Furthermore, no any effect of the lowest dosage (D1) was detected in the case of the sensitive clusters of Chardonnay and leaves of Kékfrankos in both experimental years. In summary, the oil treatment has an effect against powdery mildew, however this efficiency largely depends on the vintage characteristics and the pressure of powdery mildew. Further investigations are neccessary, for example field trials with combinations of other sprays. The oil can be useable as fungicide with proper care in eco-friendly integrated and bio (ecological) viticulture.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) of differentVitiscultivars and genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Atak ◽  
M. Akkurt ◽  
Z. Polat ◽  
H. Çelik ◽  
K. A. Kahraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Erysiphe Necator

scholarly journals Content of trans-resveratrol in leaves and berries of interspecific grapevine (Vitis sp.) varieties

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S13-S17 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bábíková ◽  
N. Vrchotová ◽  
J. Tříska ◽  
M. Kyseláková
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Uncinula Necator ◽  
Botryotinia Fuckeliana

The aim of this project was to study changes in the content of <i>trans</i>-resveratrol in berries and leaves of grapevine (<i>Vitis</i> sp.) infested by fungal diseases, especially by <i>Botryotinia fuckeliana</i> Whetzel, called as grey mildew, <i>Plasmopara viticola</i> (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Berl & De Toni, called downy mildew and <i>Uncinula necator</i> (Schw.) Burr, called powdery mildew. In our experiments two white and two blue varieties were used. Contents of <i>trans</i>-resveratrol were determined in healthy and infested leaves and in healthy berries. Infested leaves of white varieties contained more <i>trans</i>-resveratrol than those of blue varieties. The content of <i>trans</i>-resveratrol in berries was lower than that in leaves.

scholarly journals Fitness of Erysiphe necator with G143A-Based Resistance to Quinone Outside Inhibitors

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1494-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Esther E. Rallos ◽  
Nels G. Johnson ◽  
David G. Schmale ◽  
Aaron J. Prussin ◽  
Anton B. Baudoin
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Erysiphe Necator ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Sterol Demethylation Inhibitors ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitors ◽  
Competition Assays ◽  
Qoi Resistance

Management of grape powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) using quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) has eroded in an increasing number of regions due to resistance development. To determine persistence of resistance when QoIs are withdrawn, competition assays were conducted on unsprayed grape plants (Vitis vinifera ‘Chardonnay’) by cycling mixtures of resistant and sensitive isolates characterized as genetically diverse based on microsatellite analyses. Under laboratory conditions, %G143A, quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), increased significantly, indicating competitiveness of the resistant fraction. To confirm competitiveness in the field, trials using potted plants were conducted. Percent G143A tended to decrease in one growing season, probably due to spore migration and mixing of populations with natural background inoculum. In a second season, QoI resistance persisted at high frequency for 4 weeks. Resistant populations were also found to persist in one vineyard without QoI application for four consecutive years. The frequency was still about 25% in the fourth year, with higher frequency (36%) in a hotspot section. QoI-resistant populations with >5% G143A also harbored Y136F in the cyp51 gene that confers some resistance to sterol demethylation inhibitors, another fungicide class for powdery mildew control. Double resistance could have been partly responsible for persistence of QoI resistance at this location.

scholarly journals Potential of genetic resistance of new table grape hybrids to fungal pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Elena Ilnitskaya ◽  
Marina Makarkina ◽  
Valeriy Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Hybrid Forms

Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) are the most common and economically significant fungal diseases in vineyards. The task of this work is to study the genotypes of new promising hybrid forms of table grapes for the presence of resistance genes to downy mildew (Rpv10 and Rpv3) and powdery mildew (Ren9) using DNA-markers. The study was carried out on table grape hybrids under the working names Agat dubovskiy, Akelo, Arabella, Artek, Dubovskiy rozovyi, Gamlet, Ispolin, Kishmish dubovskiy, Kurazh, Pestryi, Valensiya and registered variety Liviya. The studied genes were analyzed using markers UDV305 and UDV737 (Rpv3), GF09-46 (Rpv10), CenGen6 (Ren9). The following cultivars were used as reference genotypes: Saperavi severnyi (carries Rpv10 gene) and Regent (Rpv3 and Ren9). It was established that Rpv3 gene is carried by hybrids Kishmish dubovskiy, Agat dubovskiy, Kurazh, Valensiya, Akelo, Gamlet, Dubovskiy rozovyi, Pestryi. Ren9 gene was found in Artek, Agat dubovskiy, Kurazh, Ispolin, Valensiya, Arabella, Gamlet, Dubovskiy rozovyi, Pestryi. The Rpv10 gene was not detected in any of the analyzed grapevine samples. genotypes Agat dubovskiy, Kurazh, Gamlet, Dubovskiy rozovyi, Pestryi, Valensiya carry Rpv3 and Ren9 genes simultaneously. These grapevines have an elegant bunch and large berries that are attractive to consumers.

scholarly journals Warburgia ugandensis Leaf and Bark Extracts: An Alternative to Copper as Fungicide against Downy Mildew in Organic Viticulture?

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2765
Author(s):  
Christian Kraus ◽  
Rada Abou-Ammar ◽  
Andreas Schubert ◽  
Michael Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
Intensive Use

In organic viticulture, copper-based fungicides are commonly used to suppress Downy Mildew infection, caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola. However, the frequent and intensive use of such fungicides leads to accumulation of the heavy metal in soil and nearby waters with adverse effects on the ecosystem. Therefore, alternative, organic fungicides against Downy Mildew are urgently needed to reduce the copper load in vineyards. In this study, the use of Warburgia ugandensis Sprague (Family Canellacea) leaf and bark extracts as potential fungicides against Downy Mildew were evaluated. In vitro (microtiter) and in vivo (leaf discs, seedlings) tests were conducted, as well as field trials to determine the efficacy of the extracts against Downy Mildew. The results revealed an MIC100 of 500 µg/mL for the leaf extract and 5 µg/mL for the bark extract. Furthermore, experiments with leaf discs and seedlings demonstrated a strong protective effect of the extracts for up to 48 h under (semi-) controlled conditions. However, in field trials the efficacy of the extracts distinctly declined, regardless of the extracts’ origin and concentration.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Cold-Climate Wine Grape Cultivars to Downy Mildew, Powdery Mildew, and Black Rot

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 1077-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Jones ◽  
Patricia S. McManus
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Northern United States ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Lack of knowledge regarding the susceptibility of cold-climate hybrid wine grape cultivars may be leading to the overuse of fungicides and underutilization of plant host resistance to combat disease in the northern United States. To provide new insights on diseases of cold-climate cultivars and to update management recommendations, disease was evaluated in three vineyards containing eight cultivars that were not sprayed with fungicides in 2015 and 2016. Disease severity or incidence of downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator), and black rot (Guignardia bidwellii) were measured from bud break until 2 weeks after harvest. Cold-climate cultivars ranged widely in susceptibility to different diseases and, although several cultivars were relatively resistant to two diseases, no cultivar was highly resistant to all three diseases. Additionally, a difference between foliar and fruit susceptibility for all three diseases was noted in several cultivars. These data provide a foundation for developing low-spray and certified organic disease management strategies for cold-climate wine grape cultivars based on susceptibility to disease.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Quinoxyfen Resistance of Erysiphe necator (Grape Powdery Mildew) in a Single Virginia Vineyard

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 2586-2591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuewen Feng ◽  
Mizuho Nita ◽  
Anton B. Baudoin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Erysiphe Necator ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Grape Powdery Mildew

The protectant fungicide quinoxyfen has been used against grape powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) in the United States since 2003. In 2013, isolates of grape powdery mildew with reduced quinoxyfen sensitivity (here designated as quinoxyfen lab resistance or QLR) were detected in a single vineyard in western Virginia, USA. Field trials were conducted in 2014, 2015, and 2016 at the affected vineyard to determine to what extent quinoxyfen might still contribute to disease control. Powdery mildew control by quinoxyfen was similar to, or only slightly less than, that provided by myclobutanil and boscalid in all three years. In 2016, early- versus late-season applications of quinoxyfen were compared to test the hypothesis that early-season applications were more effective, but differences were small. A treatment with two early quinoxyfen applications, at bloom and 2 weeks later, followed by a myclobutanil-boscalid plus a low dose of sulfur rotation provided slightly better control of foliar disease incidence than treatments containing four quinoxyfen applications or two midseason or two late quinoxyfen applications supplemented by myclobutanil and boscalid applications; severity differences were small and nonsignificant. Metrafenone and benzovindiflupyr generally provided excellent powdery mildew control. The frequency of QLR in vines not treated with quinoxyfen slowly declined from 65% in 2014 to 46% in 2016. Further research is needed to explain how, despite this QLR frequency, quinoxyfen applied to grapes in the field was still able to effectively control powdery mildew.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Erysiphe necator and Plasmopara viticola in Virginia to QoI Fungicides, Boscalid, Quinoxyfen, Thiophanate Methyl, and Mefenoxam

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeneylyne F. Colcol ◽  
Anton B. Baudoin
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Erysiphe Necator ◽  
Qoi Fungicides ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitor ◽  
Grape Leaf

The sensitivity of downy mildew (DM, Plasmopara viticola) and powdery mildew (PM, Erysiphe necator) of grape (Vitis sp.) to commonly used nondemethylation inhibitor, single-site fungicides in and near Virginia was determined from 2005 to 2007, with more limited additional sampling in subsequent years. In grape leaf disc bioassays, 92% of the P. viticola isolates were quinone outside inhibitor (QoI, azoxystrobin) resistant but none were resistant to mefenoxam. In all, 82% of the E. necator isolates were QoI resistant. Most of the QoI-resistant P. viticola and E. necator isolates contained >95% of the G143A point mutation, which confers high levels of QoI resistance. In contrast, QoI-sensitive P. viticola isolates contained less than 1% of G143A. In total, 1 of 145 and 14 of 154 QoI-resistant P. viticola and E. necator isolates (able to grow on azoxystrobin concentration ≥1 μg/ml), respectively, contained <1% G143A. In total, 61 E. necator isolates from 23 locations were tested against thiophanate methyl, and the majority grew well on leaf tissue treated with 50 and 250 μg/ml. Through 2012, none of the E. necator isolates were resistant to boscalid and quinoxyfen. However, in 2013, quinoxyfen-resistant E. necator was detected in one vineyard experiencing difficulties with powdery mildew control. No 50% effective concentration value could be calculated but these isolates tolerated labeled rates with only limited inhibition. QoI (E. necator and P. viticola) and benzimidazole (E. necator) resistance were widespread in Virginia, rendering these materials inadvisable for control of these diseases. The practical importance and current distribution of quinoxyfen resistance needs further investigation.

scholarly journals DNA-marker based identification of the RPV3 gene determining downy mildew resistance in grapevines

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Ilnitskaya ◽  
M. V. Makarkina ◽  
S. V. Tokmakov ◽  
L. G. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Dna Marker ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Allelic Status ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Genetic Analyzer ◽  
Selection Of

Downy mildew is one of the most common fungal diseases of the vine, caused by Plasmopara viticola. An effective way to control the spread of the pathogen is to cultivate resistant varieties. Cultivars of Vitis vinifera, being the basis of high-quality viticulture, practically do not possess genetic resistance to P. viticola, so screening for resistance donors is an important stage in breeding. One of the major resistance loci to downy mildew, the Rpv3 gene, was identified in the genotype of a complex interspecific hybrid of grapes Bianca. Later, it was found that this gene had seven haplotypes of resistance inherited from North American grape species, and that it was possible to identify the allelic status of the gene using DNA-markers UDV305, UDV737. However, only two haplotypes can be combined in one diploid form. To determine the Rpv3 gene in the grape gene pool we, using these markers, studied 35 different genotypes of grapevines, most of which are interspecies cultivars. Three varieties with known allelic status of the Rpv3 gene (Dunavski lazur, Noah, Seyve Villard 12-375) were included in the study as reference genotypes. The genotypes were studied through polymerase chain reaction with separation of amplification products by capillary electrophoresis in automatic genetic analyzer ABI Prism 3130. In the studied grape cultivars DNA marker analysis indentified the Rpv3 gene in sixteen genotypes of interspecific origin, including haplotype Rpv3299-279 found in twelve varieties, Rpv3321-312 – in three, and haplotype Rpv3null-271 – in one variety. Seyve Villard 12-375 turned out to be the donor of resistance gene in the most of the genotypes carrying Rpv3 in this study. The obtained data can be useful in selection of mildew resistant grape varieties and screening for hybridization pairs.

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