scholarly journals Flood Impacts Analysis and Mitigation Approach towards Community Resiliency at Nageshwari Upazila, Kurigram

2021 ◽  
pp. 178-192
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Flood Impacts ◽  
Community Resiliency ◽  
People’S Perception ◽  
The Impact

Nageshwari is an upazila of Kurigram locality of Bangladesh. It is one of the most vulnerable areas to flood disasters. Every year many devastating floods occurred in this area. One of the main purposes of the study is to identify flood hazards and their impacts on the people's perception of the study area. Another purpose is to recognize mitigation approaches (both scientific and indigenous practices). To complete the aim, semi-structured questionnaires are used. Besides some key informant interviews and focus groups, discussions are also used to validate the collected data. The key findings of the study are the larger impact of inundation on health, agriculture, fisheries, road and transport, water and hygiene, and housing. From the overall impacts in the study area, the most affected sector is agriculture and roads. From people’s perception, many problems are found due to devastating floods. Unemployment, food scarcity, communication problems, etc. are the common problems in the study area. People practice some indigenous knowledge to reduce the flood impacts. Scientific practices are also applied by the authority to mitigate the flood impacts. But these mitigation measures are not enough toward accomplishes the demand. Some appropriate measures must be needed to decrease the flood impacts. Early warning systems and information dissemination on floods are not well developed. Sufficient and frequent training is needed about proper flood management, early warning, and dissemination within the lessons area. People take some adaptation techniques to diminish the flood. The local Government also takes some initiatives to decrease the flood impacts. But proper flood management needs to be improved to decrease the flood impacts. Proper management and awareness-raising programs will reduce the impact of inundation to enhance the community resiliency of the area.

scholarly journals Flood Impacts in Oshana Region, Namibia: A Case Study of Cuvelai River Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Anna –Marie Niipare ◽  
Andries Jordaan ◽  
Nguza Siyambango
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Flood Impacts ◽  
Flood Disasters ◽  
The Impact

Floods are among the global natural disasters that are known to have major negative societal effects. The extent of floods can determine the degree of impact to be made. Floods can cause extensive economic losses, consequently affecting livelihoods, businesses, infrastructures and basic services. This study investigated the impact of floods in communities within the Oshana Region in the northern areas of Namibia. Primary and secondary data were collected in efforts to understand the impact of floods, and the causes of vulnerability to such events. Loss of field crops, destruction of houses, destruction of roads and other infrastructure, and loss of human lives were the major flood impacts that have been identified. The study findings revealed that vulnerability to floods is mainly due to lack of resources, poverty, poor infrastructure, limited budget, inactive disaster risk management structures in the region, rapid population change, non-existing Early Warning System (EWS), lack of awareness of the flood impacts, low income, and the fact that many houses are headed by females. In the absence of coping strategies, communities mainly depend on external relief, particularly for temporary shelter and provision of basic needs. It was concluded that the ability of communities and individuals to cope with flood impacts is related to their culture, history, knowledge system, power dynamics and governance. A further conclusion was that, the vulnerability of communities in the Oshana Region resulted in reduced household resilience to flood disasters. The study recommended a further investigation into other flood prone regions in Namibia. Other notable recommendations included: • the availing of information on climate variability and best coping strategies in flood prone communities, • flood hazards awareness, • developing and implementing mitigation measures for flood disasters, • development of a policy on the construction of houses in efforts to avoid flood risks, • and the development of information communication channels for EWS.

scholarly journals MIDAS: A New Integrated Flood Early Warning System for the Miño River

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Fernández-Nóvoa ◽  
Orlando García-Feal ◽  
José González-Cao ◽  
Carlos de Gonzalo ◽  
José Antonio Rodríguez-Suárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Precipitation Forecast ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Flood Alert ◽  
The Impact

Early warning systems have become an essential tool to mitigate the impact of river floods, whose frequency and magnitude have increased during the last few decades as a consequence of climate change. In this context, the Miño River Flood Alert System (MIDAS) early warning system has been developed for the Miño River (Galicia, NW Spain), whose flood events have historically caused severe damage in urban areas and are expected to increase in intensity in the next decades. MIDAS is integrated by a hydrologic (HEC-HMS) and a hydraulic (Iber+) model using precipitation forecast as input data. The system runs automatically and is governed by a set of Python scripts. When any hazard is detected, an alert is issued by the system, including detailed hazards maps, to help decision makers to take precise and effective mitigation measures. Statistical analysis supports the accuracy of hydrologic and hydraulic modules implemented to forecast river flow and flooded critical areas during the analyzed period of time, including some of the most extreme events registered in the Miño River. In fact, MIDAS has proven to be capable of predicting most of the alert situations occurred during the study period, showing its capability to anticipate risk situations.

scholarly journals Quantifying the effectiveness of early warning systems for natural hazards

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sättele ◽  
M. Bründl ◽  
D. Straub
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Integrated Risk ◽  
Framework Approach

Abstract. Early warning systems (EWSs) are increasingly applied as preventive measures within an integrated risk management approach for natural hazards. At present, common standards and detailed guidelines for the evaluation of their effectiveness are lacking. To support decision-makers in the identification of optimal risk mitigation measures, a three-step framework approach for the evaluation of EWSs is presented. The effectiveness is calculated in function of the technical and the inherent reliability of the EWS. The framework is applicable to automated and non-automated EWSs and combinations thereof. To address the specifics and needs of a wide variety of EWS designs, a classification of EWSs is provided, which focuses on the degree of automations encountered in varying EWSs. The framework and its implementation are illustrated through a series of example applications of EWS in an alpine environment.

scholarly journals Current Issues in Early Warning and Development Initiatives Towards Enhanced Flood-Related Resilience in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugonna C. Nkwunonwo
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Coping Capacity ◽  
Local Initiative ◽  
Present Context ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
And Coping

More than 4 years since the UNISDR Sendai framework replaced its predecessor, Hyogo, communities’ resilience to flooding is still a major issue for especially the developing countries (DCs) such as Nigeria where there are unresolved limitations with early warning systems. The recent increase in human and economic damages caused by floods and the inability of communities to recover from the effects, despite years after the disaster, indicate that the global concept of resilience has not been fully grasped. Nigeria, which is the subject of this chapter, typifies this situation. Evidently, the historic flooding of 2012 and its predecessors affected many communities and individual victims most of whom are still struggling with disaster recovery and reconstruction. This raises important research questions. What is not understood in the present context is that government institutions have made a lot of politicizing various interventions and local initiative, but the present reality is a “pathetic travesty of disaster recovery.” This chapter elucidates on these issues through theoretical discussions on community participation, risk-informed investment, and rural adaptation, all of which can be advocated to facilitate community resilience and coping capacity to all variants of flood hazards in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Quantifying the effectiveness of early warning systems for natural hazards

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 4479-4526 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sättele ◽  
M. Bründl ◽  
D. Straub
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Integrated Risk ◽  
Framework Approach

Abstract. Early warning systems (EWS) are increasingly applied as preventive measures within an integrated risk management approach for natural hazards. At present, common standards and detailed guidelines for the evaluation of their effectiveness are lacking. To support decision-makers in the identification of optimal risk mitigation measures, a three-step framework approach for the evaluation of EWS is presented. The effectiveness is calculated in function of the technical and the inherent reliability of the EWS. The framework is applicable to automated and non-automated EWS and combinations thereof. To address the specifics and needs of a wide variety of EWS designs, a classification of EWS is provided, which focuses on the degree of automations encountered in varying EWS. The framework and its implementation are illustrated through a series of example applications of EWS in an alpine environment.

scholarly journals ‘Death is not the answer’: the challenge of measuring the impact of early warning systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M Chapman ◽  
Jo Wray ◽  
Kate Oulton ◽  
Mark J Peters
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of global and national systems for observing, monitoring and forecasting natural disasters and hazards with а view to reducing risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2(62)) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Yaryna Tuzyak
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Organizational System ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting

The object of research is modern systems for observing, monitoring and forecasting natural disasters and hazards. Although early warning systems are often used to predict the magnitude, location and time of potentially hazardous events, these systems rarely provide impact estimates, such as the expected amount and distribution of material damage, human consequences, service disruption or financial losses. Supplementing early warning systems with predictions of impact has the dual advantage of providing better information to governing bodies for informed emergency decisions and focusing the attention of various branches of science on the goal of mitigating or preventing negative effects. The publication analyses current trends in the growth of natural risks, taking into account the risks associated with global climate change. The issues related to the growing risks of natural disasters and catastrophes at the present stage of societal development and directions of activities at the international and national levels for their reduction are considered. Disaster risk prevention and mitigation measures are described and areas of work in this area are highlighted. The decision-making sequence model is given, global and regional systems of observation, analysis, detection, forecasting, preliminary warning and exchange of information on natural hazards related to weather, climate and water are described. The factors that «unbalance» the global economy in terms of intensity, magnitude, magnitude of losses due to catastrophic events are analyzed. Addressing disaster prevention requires a structure at the national level in each country that includes policy, institutional, legal, strategic and operational frameworks, as well as at the regional and societal levels. This structure will organize and implement disaster risk reduction activities and establish an organizational system that will understand disaster risk and ensure that it is reduced through public participation.

scholarly journals Advanced Tools for Flood Management: An Early Warning System for Arid and Semiarid Regions

2021 ◽  
pp. 209-223
Author(s):  
Ekkehard Holzbecher ◽  
Ahmed Hadidi ◽  
Nicolette Volp ◽  
Jeroen de Koning ◽  
Humaid Al Badi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Semiarid Regions ◽  
Smart Technologies

AbstractTechnologies concerning integrated water resources management, in general, and flood management, in particular, have recently undergone rapid developments. New smart technologies have been implemented in every relevant sector and include hydrological sensors, remote sensing, sensor networks, data integration, hydrodynamic simulation and visualization, decision support and early warning systems as well as the dissemination of information to decision-makers and the public. After providing a rough review of current developments, we demonstrate the operation of an advanced system with a special focus on an early warning system. Two case studies are covered in this chapter: one specific urban case located in the city of Parrametta in Australia in an area that shows similar flood characteristics to those found in arid or semiarid regions and one case regarding the countrywide Flash Flood Guidance System in Oman (OmanFFGS).

scholarly journals Influence of ENSO and tropical Atlantic climate variability on flood characteristics in the Amazon basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Towner ◽  
Andrea Ficchí ◽  
Hannah L. Cloke ◽  
Juan Bazo ◽  
Erin Coughlan de Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Flood Magnitude ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Flood Characteristics

Abstract. Flooding in the Amazon basin is frequently attributed to modes of large-scale climate variability, but little attention is paid to how these modes influence the timing and duration of floods despite their importance to early warning systems and the significant impacts that these flood characteristics can have on communities. In this study, river discharge data from the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS 2.1) and observed data at 58 gauging stations are used to examine whether positive/negative phases of several Pacific and Atlantic indices significantly alter the characteristics of river flows throughout the Amazon basin (1979–2015). Results show significant changes in both flood magnitude and duration, particularly in the north-eastern Amazon for negative ENSO years when the SST anomaly is positioned in the central tropical Pacific. This response is not identified for the eastern Pacific index, highlighting how the response can differ between ENSO types. Although flood magnitude and duration were found to be highly correlated, the impacts of large-scale climate variability on these characteristics are non-linear; some increases in annual flood maxima coincide with decreases in flood duration. The impact of flood timing however does not follow any notable pattern for all indices analysed. Finally, observed and simulated changes are found to be much more highly correlated for negative ENSO years compared to the positive phase, meaning that GloFAS struggles to accurately simulate the differences in flood characteristics between El Niño and neutral years. These results have important implications for both the social and physical sectors working towards the improvement of early warning action systems for floods.

scholarly journals Challenges and Technical Advances in Flood Early Warning Systems (FEWSs)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duminda Perera ◽  
Ousmane Seidou ◽  
Jetal Agnihotri ◽  
Hamid Mehmood ◽  
Mohamed Rasmy
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Warning Systems

Flood early warning systems (FEWSs)—one of the most common flood-impact mitigation measures—are currently in operation globally. The UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) strongly advocates for an increase in their availability to reach the targets of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Comprehensive FEWS consists of four components, which includes (1) risk knowledge, (2) monitoring and forecasting, (3) warning, dissemination, and communication, and (4) response capabilities. Operational FEWSs have varying levels of complexity, depending on available data, adopted technology, and know-how. There are apparent differences in sophistication between FEWSs in developed countries that have the financial capabilities, technological infrastructure, and human resources and developing countries where FEWSs tend to be less advanced. Fortunately, recent advances in remote sensing, artificial intelligence (AI), information technologies, and social media are leading to significant changes in the mechanisms of FEWSs and provide the opportunity for all FEWSs to gain additional capability. These technologies are an opportunity for developing countries to overcome the technical limitations that FEWSs have faced so far. This chapter aims to discuss the challenges in FEWSs in brief and exposes technological advances and their benefits in flood forecasting and disaster mitigation.

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