scholarly journals MIDAS: A New Integrated Flood Early Warning System for the Miño River

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Fernández-Nóvoa ◽  
Orlando García-Feal ◽  
José González-Cao ◽  
Carlos de Gonzalo ◽  
José Antonio Rodríguez-Suárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Precipitation Forecast ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Flood Alert ◽  
The Impact

Early warning systems have become an essential tool to mitigate the impact of river floods, whose frequency and magnitude have increased during the last few decades as a consequence of climate change. In this context, the Miño River Flood Alert System (MIDAS) early warning system has been developed for the Miño River (Galicia, NW Spain), whose flood events have historically caused severe damage in urban areas and are expected to increase in intensity in the next decades. MIDAS is integrated by a hydrologic (HEC-HMS) and a hydraulic (Iber+) model using precipitation forecast as input data. The system runs automatically and is governed by a set of Python scripts. When any hazard is detected, an alert is issued by the system, including detailed hazards maps, to help decision makers to take precise and effective mitigation measures. Statistical analysis supports the accuracy of hydrologic and hydraulic modules implemented to forecast river flow and flooded critical areas during the analyzed period of time, including some of the most extreme events registered in the Miño River. In fact, MIDAS has proven to be capable of predicting most of the alert situations occurred during the study period, showing its capability to anticipate risk situations.

scholarly journals Algorithm to Predict the Rainfall Starting Point as a Function of Atmospheric Pressure, Humidity, and Dewpoint

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Alfonso Gutierrez-Lopez ◽  
Ivonne Cruz-Paz ◽  
Martin Muñoz Mandujano
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Precipitation Forecast ◽  
Rainfall Forecasting ◽  
Starting Point

Forecasting extreme precipitations is one of the main priorities of hydrology in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Flood damage in urban areas increases every year, and is mainly caused by convective precipitations and hurricanes. In addition, hydrometeorological monitoring is limited in most countries in this region. Therefore, one of the primary challenges in the LAC region the development of a good rainfall forecasting model that can be used in an early warning system (EWS) or a flood early warning system (FEWS). The aim of this study was to provide an effective forecast of short-term rainfall using a set of climatic variables, based on the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship and taking into account that atmospheric water vapor is one of the variables that determine most meteorological phenomena, particularly regarding precipitation. As a consequence, a simple precipitation forecast model was proposed from data monitored at every minute, such as humidity, surface temperature, atmospheric pressure, and dewpoint. With access to a historical database of 1237 storms, the proposed model allows use of the right combination of these variables to make an accurate forecast of the time of storm onset. The results indicate that the proposed methodology was capable of predicting precipitation onset as a function of the atmospheric pressure, humidity, and dewpoint. The synoptic forecast model was implemented as a hydroinformatics tool in the Extreme Precipitation Monitoring Network of the city of Queretaro, Mexico (RedCIAQ). The improved forecasts provided by the proposed methodology are expected to be useful to support disaster warning systems all over Mexico, mainly during hurricanes and flashfloods.

scholarly journals Utilization of Mosque as A Part of Early Warning Systems to Reduce Flood Damage in Samarinda City, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyan Benny Sukmara ◽  
Ray Shyan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
The Impact

Samarinda City is one of the most attractive cities in Borneo Island (Indonesia) and also as a capital city of EastBorneo Province. The expansion of urban areas becomes essential due to rapid population and housing demand. Base on the statistical report, the annual population growth rate is 0.018% from the year 2016-2017 with a total population of 843446 inhabitants. Many natural disasters occur in some areas in this city, especially flooding. This natural disaster occurs almost every year, many people suffered and forced to evacuate. In 2018 there is 3 flood event with 28311 people was suffered and evacuated, and 5170 houses were flooded [1]. During the flood event, it was very possible to gain damages to their property and make traffic stuck. One common way to reducing the damages is using Early Warning Systems (EWS). Early warning is a major element for disaster risk reduction, including damages. To prevent and mitigate the impact of a disaster, many countries had taken action to build various methods of a public warning system. An effective early warning system focused on people-centered and comprises the following element, such as risk knowledge, technical monitoring and service, communication and dissemination of warnings, and community response capability [2]. Related to the existing condition which Samarinda is a Muslim-dominated city and obviously has a lot of a number of mosques. This is a good potency to develop an early warning system because every mosque has a loudspeaker for echoing Adzan (Muslim prayer-calling). With this existing condition, the loudspeaker can be utilized as a flood outdoor-voice warning announcer. The aim of this study is to briefly introduce the strategy of dissemination early warning by utilizing mosques. The hope of early warning dissemination is giving enough time to the people to evacuate their property to reduce damages and possibly to giving information to avoiding traffic stuck (in a certain location)due to flooding. The results of this study can be used as input for decision-makers to develop effective flood management strategies and policies, especially in the case of an early warning system where not well-developed in Samarinda.

Early Warning System for Banking Crisis

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Qaiser Munir ◽  
Sook Ching Kok
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Banking Crisis ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Global Banking ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this chapter is to present with an overview of the early warning systems (EWS) applied to global banking crises. Numerous past studies have focused on the EWS of banking crisis. The majority of these studies have developed a predictive model to forecast the likelihood of banking crisis. Relatively less studies in the past show an attempt to predict both crisis likelihood and timing of the crisis likelihood. Precision of timing with respects to a specific type of financial crisis is undeniably difficult. Nonetheless, knowing the timing of crisis likelihood will make policy more effective. Policy makers will be able to response promptly to the upcoming banking crisis by taking pre-emptive measures which are crucial to mitigate the impact from the crisis. Specifically, this would help to avoid the widespread of crisis. It is aware that a banking crisis can transform into a systemic banking crisis which possibly ruins the function of the domestic financial system.

Simulation and analysis for flood early warning system in small catchments caused by rainfall-induced disaster

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke-Sin Yu ◽  
Jihn-Sung Lai ◽  
Yi-Huan Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Precipitation Forecast ◽  
Ensemble Prediction ◽  
Flood Simulation ◽  
Rainfall Patterns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inundation Model

<p>Under the impact of climate change, rainfall-induced flood disasters have become more frequent in some areas. The development of an hourly rainfall forecast with higher time and spatial accuracy under different rainfall patterns and the connection between meteorological forecast and hydrological flood simulation are urgent issues. In this study, eight flood cases in 2019 in Taipei city, a high-risk urban area with high economic and social resource density, caused by different rainfall patterns were chosen to be analyzed. To improve the accuracy of meteorological data, WRF base ensemble prediction system (WEPS), a quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) produced by Central Weather Bureau (CWB) of Taiwan was selected as the main meteorological data source, and after processed by objective quantitative analysis methods, the data then be input into the drainage–inundation model. As a one-dimensional and two-dimensional flood simulation system, SOBEK was used to verify the depth and location of floods. Results indicated that the WEPS data would have better performance in drainage–inundation model among the cases in 2019. Combining meteorological forecast data and hydrological simulation can somehow improve the accuracy of flood early warning system in a small catchment.</p>

scholarly journals The role of universities in Indonesia multi-hazard early warning system

2018 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 02018
Author(s):  
Mujiburrahman
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Indonesia is a disaster-prone region facing multiple hazards. The impact has cost human casualties, injuries, damages to assets, environment and regional development. In order to protect the people and assets, the government has increased the capacity to face and anticipate disaster which is through a multi-hazard early warning system (MHEWS). The academic sector in Indonesia, especially prominent universities such as Institut Teknologi Bandung and Universitas Gajah Mada has contributed positively to the development of MHEWS and the Land Slide Early Warning System. This research aims to examine the role of universities in Indonesia related to the establishment of an MHEWS in Indonesia by answering what are the roles and the challenges. The research methodology is through a desk study and document review of government and organizations reports using qualitative and descriptive analysis. The findings of the research indicate the role of universities in the MHEWS is in line with the concept of tri dharma of universities which research, higher education and outreach. This means the role of universities to conduct research related to early warning systems, higher education through having program studies related to disaster management and outreach the role to train the community, organizations, and government through professional networks. Unfortunately, the involvement of the eastern part of Indonesian universities still needs to increase capacity, awareness, and access in utilizing the MHEWS at the local level.

An Urban Air Pollution Early Warning System Based on PM2.5 Prediction Applied in Ploiesti City

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 858-863
Author(s):  
Mihaela Oprea ◽  
Marius Olteanu ◽  
Radu Teodor Ianache
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Prediction Approach

Fine particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 �m (i.e. PM2.5) is an air pollutant of special concern for urban areas due to its potential significant negative effects on human health, especially on children and elderly people. In order to reduce these effects, new tools based on PM2.5 monitoring infrastructures tailored to specific urban regions are needed by the local and regional environmental management systems for the provision of an expert support to decision makers in air quality planning for cities and also, to inform in real time the vulnerable population when PM2.5 related air pollution episodes occur. The paper focuses on urban air pollution early warning based on PM2.5 prediction. It describes the methodology used, the prediction approach, and the experimental system developed under the ROKIDAIR project for the analysis of PM2.5 air pollution level, health impact assessment and early warning of sensitive people in the Ploiesti city. The PM2.5 concentration evolution prediction is correlated with PM2.5 air pollution and health effects analysis, and the final result is processed by the ROKIDAIR Early Warning System (EWS) and sent as a message to the affected population via email or SMS. ROKIDAIR EWS is included in the ROKIDAIR decision support system.

scholarly journals Brief communication "Landslide Early Warning System: toolbox and general concepts"

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Intrieri ◽  
G. Gigli ◽  
N. Casagli ◽  
F. Nadim
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
End Users ◽  
Flow Chart ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Landslide Early Warning

Abstract. We define landslide Early Warning Systems and present practical guidelines to assist end-users with limited experience in the design of landslide Early Warning Systems (EWSs). In particular, two flow chart-based tools coming from the results of the SafeLand project (7th Framework Program) have been created to make them as simple and general as possible and in compliance with a variety of landslide types and settings at single slope scale. We point out that it is not possible to cover all the real landslide early warning situations that might occur, therefore it will be necessary for end-users to adapt the procedure to local peculiarities of the locations where the landslide EWS will be operated.

scholarly journals Communication architecture of an early warning system

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2215-2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Angermann ◽  
M. Guenther ◽  
K. Wendlandt
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Communication Architecture ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Communication Links

Abstract. This article discusses aspects of communication architecture for early warning systems (EWS) in general and gives details of the specific communication architecture of an early warning system against tsunamis. While its sensors are the "eyes and ears" of a warning system and enable the system to sense physical effects, its communication links and terminals are its "nerves and mouth" which transport measurements and estimates within the system and eventually warnings towards the affected population. Designing the communication architecture of an EWS against tsunamis is particularly challenging. Its sensors are typically very heterogeneous and spread several thousand kilometers apart. They are often located in remote areas and belong to different organizations. Similarly, the geographic spread of the potentially affected population is wide. Moreover, a failure to deliver a warning has fatal consequences. Yet, the communication infrastructure is likely to be affected by the disaster itself. Based on an analysis of the criticality, vulnerability and availability of communication means, we describe the design and implementation of a communication system that employs both terrestrial and satellite communication links. We believe that many of the issues we encountered during our work in the GITEWS project (German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System, Rudloff et al., 2009) on the design and implementation communication architecture are also relevant for other types of warning systems. With this article, we intend to share our insights and lessons learned.

Establishment of an early warning system for international trade tensions in the Heilongjiang province of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
An Zhao Zhen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
General Importance ◽  
Strategic Issue ◽  
Trade Frictions ◽  
The Impact

In 2020, the global economic and trading environment has undergone major changes due to the impact of the global epidemic of the COVID-19. It is not only the world economy that has seriously suffered, protectionism in international trade is growing, and economic and trade frictions between countries with many factors have sharply worsened. Faced with a new situation and new challenges, accelerating the construction of an early warning system for international trade conflicts in Heilongjiang Province has become an important strategic issue of general importance.

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