scholarly journals СЕМАНТИКА ПРЕДИКАТІВ МІСЦЕПЕРЕБУВАННЯ В РЕЧЕННЯХ СУЧАСНОЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ

Author(s):  
В. Ф. Жовтобрюх

In propositions of existence, these predicates are combined with an irreferenced name, whose existence is reported by the sentence. The irreferent name of the subject is not mentioned in the previous text and is entered into the fund of knowledge of the addressee of the broadcast with the possibility of further its characterization. The sentence states the presence of the subject, and the local predicates describe the qualitative signs of the subject of being from different positions. Such communicative load is carried by all verbs, which according to the corresponding logical-grammatical conditions transmit the significance of localization. Despite the fact that the local predicates transmit different lexical meanings, they have common categorical attributes: lack of process value and static. The subject of being remains unchanged during a specific time interval within which the event described occurs. The static sign corresponds most to the ontological nature of existence. Categorical semantics imposes an imprint on the meaning of verbal lexeme. The use of such verbs determines the semantic modifications of existential sentences. The structure of the semantics of various verbs contains components of modifying value, which help to create a figurative picture of existential states. The use of the designated verbal lexeme contributes to the enrichment of the semantics of the existential sentence and the expansion of its expressiveness. Prospects for the study of existential sentences are related to the analysis of those elements of the semantics of the sentence, which are determined by the lexical meaning of the verb in the position of the local predicate.

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
J. Wagner ◽  
G. Pfurtscheixer

The shape, latency and amplitude of changes in electrical brain activity related to a stimulus (Evoked Potential) depend both on the stimulus parameters and on the background EEG at the time of stimulation. An adaptive, learnable stimulation system is introduced, whereby the subject is stimulated (e.g. with light), whenever the EEG power is subthreshold and minimal. Additionally, the system is conceived in such a way that a certain number of stimuli could be given within a particular time interval. Related to this time criterion, the threshold specific for each subject is calculated at the beginning of the experiment (preprocessing) and adapted to the EEG power during the processing mode because of long-time fluctuations and trends in the EEG. The process of adaptation is directed by a table which contains the necessary correction numbers for the threshold. Experiences of the stimulation system are reflected in an automatic correction of this table. Because the corrected and improved table is stored after each experiment and is used as the starting table for the next experiment, the system >learns<. The system introduced here can be used both for evoked response studies and for alpha-feedback experiments.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Alizadeh

AbstractThe Urmia Lake Basin is located between the West and East Azerbaijan provinces in the northwest of Iran. Lake Urmia is the twentieth largest lake and second largest hypersaline lake in the world. Stratigraphic columns have been constructed, using published information, to compare the sedimentary units deposited from the Permian to the Neogene on the east and west sides of the lake, and to use these to quantity subsidence and uplift. East of the lake, the sedimentary section is more complete and has been the subject of detailed stratigraphic studies, including the compilation of measured sections for some units. West of the lake, the section is incomplete and less work has been done; three columns illustrate variations in the preserved stratigraphy for the time interval. In all cases, the columns are capped by the Oligocene–Miocene Qom Formation, which was deposited during a post-orogenic marine transgression and unconformably overlies units ranging from Precambrian to Cretaceous. Permian to Cretaceous stratigraphy is used to measure subsidence in the Lake Urmia basin up to the end of the Cretaceous, and then, the subsequent orogenic uplift, which was followed by further subsidence recorded by the deposition of the Qom Formation in the Oligocene–Miocene.


2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-696
Author(s):  
Joanna Błaszczak

Abstract In this paper it will be argued that the difference between existential and locative sentences is primarily structurally encoded at the vP/VP level (at the first phase of a derivation). The crucial question is which argument of the verb BE (the Location or the nominal argument (“Theme”)) is projected as the “external argument”, i.e., which argument is the subject of inner predication. In the case of existential sentences it is the Location argument which is the subject of inner predication, and in the case of locative sentences it is the nominal argument. The subject of inner predication becomes by default also the subject of outer predication, i.e., the topic of the sentence. Hence, in the case of locative sentences the nominal argument is the subject of outer predication, i.e., the topic of the sentence, and in the case of existential sentences it is the Location which becomes the topic. (Or, alternatively, the actual topic (the subject of outer predication) might be the situational/ event variable, and the Location functions as a restriction on it.) However, the actual arrangement of constituents in the sentences under discussion, as in any other Polish sentence, is determined by the pragmatic/communicative principles. Given this, it is reasonable to think that the NOM/GEN case alternation in negated existential/locative sentences is primarily a matter of syntax, and not one of information structure or scope of negation. The analysis will be modeled in accordance with the phasal model of Chomsky (2000 et seq.).


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1(21)) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
David Bidzinashvili

The new Corona-virus and the contagious disease which it causes, the so called COVID 19, put forward the serious challenges for many countries all over the world and for Georgia among them. Almost the whole world is facing very serious obstacles on the international and national levels. Too many problems emerged in the world countries. To resist against the new disease has become the main priority for each country. The global processes caused by the pandemics have influenced the audit service as well. The uncertainty and unpredictability caused the new risks of deficiencies and activated already existed ones in the new environment. The situation became more complicated due to the fact that it can happen that the auditors do not consider the mentioned risks in the process of planning for audits or the risks may be considered mistakenly. The firms and other economical institutions in which the audit is carried out are obliged to adopt the new rules and changing environments in which their businesses function; they should change the rules of fulfilling the operation, preparing the financial accounts, the processes of their representing the information processes, safety of information shown in the financial accounts, the rules of their preparing; they also evaluate the possibilities of keeping on their activities in the nearest future. The qualified performing of the audit implies the basical elemenst which helps to create such environment where the possibility of the high level audit will be at the maximum. Implementing the quality control implies that such system will include two stages; each of them is directed towards providing the audit processes according the international standards There are several types of the quality improvement system. In all of them the main variable value represents the amount of costs for the proper system. All countries choose the system which provides benefits taking the costs into consideration. There are four main stages in the process of implementation the system which will ensure the high quality audit. Here are four main stages shown in the process of implementation:  The first stage: to carry out diagnostic observation;  The second stage: stating the view;  The third sage: working out the system;  The fourth stage: implementation of the system. The firms and other economical institutions where the audit is carried out are obliged to be reliable with their activities in the changing situation in which their businesses function. The subjects change the rules of carrying out the usual operations, change the open information given in the financial accounts, and estimate the possibilities of maintaining the existing possibilities for the nearest future. It is important to revise some standards out of Audit International Standards and to make them fit for revealing and assessing the risks of essential mistakes and discrepencies. The controlled variation of the standard regulates such issues as the newly corrected risks caused by influences of COVID-19 pandemic on the planned approaches to the audit and also, evaluation of the risks already defined and making changes in them taking into consideration the influence of the errors in the risk evaluations and influence made upon the planned evaluations and audits the changes of which will influence the evaluations of the risks in the inner control of the subject on the previously made imagination of the control environment, in order to define the measures to be taken in order to change the reactions to the mistakes using different measures in order to reach the trustful mechanisms to rely on. International standards of audit– answering to the assessed risks, the checked variation of the standard implies that it maybecome necessary to change the measures of reaction to the changes in the circumstances in order to obtain enough reliable measures and activities to control the situation by means of enough auditory evidences. The auditor has responsibilities to take into consideration that largening the deadlines will cause growth of the period and the risks of the dates of events which will happen in the time interval between accountability date and the date of the conclusion made by audit, the audit is also responsible for any event taking place later in relation to the Covid-19 situation. He is responsible also for evaluation of the fact about financial information. The enterprise functioning within nowadays complex environment taking into consideration the situation of COVID 19, should consider such priority issues as the uncertainty accompanying the Covid situation, related covenants, and others which accompany the pandemic period, among them the region, the financial state of customers and dealers, liquidating and paying capacity. During the process of the risk assessments it should considered that Covid 19 pandemic greatly influenced the global economics and the separate branches such as hotels business, retail sail, tourism and others. As a result of pandemic, it is possible that the number of audit considerations and thee circumstances can modify them which can be conditioned by different circumstances and the audit will state if there are incorrectable improper conditioned due to the circumstances. The audit will make it certain there are unimprovable mistakes which apart and together are essential for the financial accountability and the auditor will conclude that they cannot acquire the proper conditioned which apart or together could be essential financial accounts or the audit will conclude that they are not able to the essential accountability. Important researches were led to assess the appeared situation and it was concluded that the COVID 19 pandemic had influenced the financial situation which showed that the specific actions and procedures became complicated.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeongwoo Lim ◽  
Naoko Nitta ◽  
Kazuaki Nakamura ◽  
Noboru Babaguchi

Geographic information, such as place names with their latitude and longitude (lat/long), is useful to understand what belongs where. Traditionally, Gazetteers, which are constructed manually by experts, are used as dictionaries containing such geographic information. Recently, since people often post about their current experiences in a short text format to microblogs, their geotagged (tagged with lat/long information) posts are aggregated to automatically construct geographic dictionaries containing more diverse types of information, such as local products and events. Generally, the geotagged posts are collected within a certain time interval. Then, the spatial locality of every word used in the collected geotagged posts is examined to obtain the local words, representing places, events, etc., which are observed at specific locations by the users. However, focusing on a specific time interval limits the diversity and accuracy of the extracted local words. Further, bot accounts in microblogs can largely affect the spatial locality of the words used in their posts. In order to handle such problems, we propose an online method for continuously update the geographic dictionary by adaptively determining suitable time intervals for examining the spatial locality of each word. The proposed method further filters out the geotagged posts from bot accounts based on the content similarity among their posts to improve the quality of extracted local words. The constructed geographic dictionary is compared with different geographic dictionaries constructed by experts, crowdsourcing, and automatically by focusing on a specific time interval to evaluate its quality.


Author(s):  
Valerio Di Carlo ◽  
Federico Bianchi ◽  
Matteo Palmonari

Temporal word embeddings have been proposed to support the analysis of word meaning shifts during time and to study the evolution of languages. Different approaches have been proposed to generate vector representations of words that embed their meaning during a specific time interval. However, the training process used in these approaches is complex, may be inefficient or it may require large text corpora. As a consequence, these approaches may be difficult to apply in resource-scarce domains or by scientists with limited in-depth knowledge of embedding models. In this paper, we propose a new heuristic to train temporal word embeddings based on the Word2vec model. The heuristic consists in using atemporal vectors as a reference, i.e., as a compass, when training the representations specific to a given time interval. The use of the compass simplifies the training process and makes it more efficient. Experiments conducted using state-of-the-art datasets and methodologies suggest that our approach outperforms or equals comparable approaches while being more robust in terms of the required corpus size.


1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Ziv

Existential sentences have usually been defined on the basis of their morpho-syntactic characteristics. In English, the term has been used to designate those sentences in which the unstressed, non-deictic there occurs. It has been further observed that most such sentences contain the verb be, an indefinite NP and a locative adverbial following there in that order. Despite this syntactic characterization, however, the term ‘existential sentence’ has been taken, erroneously, to refer to some semantic features of the sentence as well, and so it has been generally assumed that existential sentences always assert the existence of some entity.1


Author(s):  
Mahmood Karimi ◽  
Ramesh R. Rao

Recently, a nonlinear dynamic system has been presented to model the heart rate (HR) response during and after treadmill exercise. The parameters of the model can be estimated and individualized. Based on the nonlinear model, several control techniques for the regulation of HR during treadmill exercise have been proposed. But commercial treadmills may not have equipments to be computer-controlled. In this paper, an optimal manual method is presented to track a predefined HR trajectory. A piecewise constant speed profile is considered as the input to the system and computed by an optimization procedure offline. The objective function is constituted in term of heart rate deviation from its desired. The subject must change manually the speed of the treadmill according to the optimal protocol periodically. The time interval between two speed changes should be long enough so that the subject is able to change the speed. Also, the proposed method is such that, limited attention for control is needed and the controller is not always active.


1951 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Dees ◽  
G. C. Grindley

Re-examination of the data discussed in previous papers of this series shows a greater tendency toward “overshooting” when the time interval between trials, in some of the experiments, is short than when it is longer. The subject tends to make a bigger movement or exert more pressure with short intervals. This seems to be true with or without visual knowledge of results. On the other hand, with the experiments in which the task was to press a key for a given short interval, the effect was not conclusively shown. A hypothesis is put forward to explain these results in terms of proprioceptive adaptation.


Data aggregation is an important technique for data collection & aggregation in WSN where sensor nodes sense the raw data and sends the aggregated data to the sink node. In a cluster based periodic network, sensor node senses the data on a specific time interval, performs local aggregation and send aggregated data to Cluster Head (CH). Various Local aggregation algorithms are used to remove redundant data at sensor nodes but local outlier detection problem is still unsolved. Therefore, a local aggregation algorithm has been proposed which uses the temporal correlation property of WSN to eliminate redundant and local outlier data which improves the data sent ratio and data quality. Sensor measurement is collected at different time interval of a sensor, exhibits temporal correlation because measurements varies with small or same difference (δ) and measurements are treated as similar measurements. In proposed local aggregation approach, each sensor node finds similar measurements of sensors with their frequency (number of occurrence) in a specific time interval (Temporal correlation). Set having higher frequency is selected and transmitted the average values of measurements that lie in the selected set to the cluster head. If sensors don’t detect any reading between intervals it simple send a message ‘data not found’ instead of sending empty set. In this way we delete redundant and local outliers. The experimental result shows that algorithm improves the data quality and data sent ratio by eliminating redundant data and local outliers


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