scholarly journals The use of neurophysiological tests in integrated diagnostics of the myofascial pain syndrome in athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Z.M. Ostapyiak ◽  
R.P. Gerich
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Myofascial Pain Syndrome ◽  
Blink Reflex ◽  
Reflex Excitability ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Polysynaptic Reflex

<em>The aim of the study</em>: to study of electroneurophysiological characteristics of myofascial pain syndrome in athletes. <em>Material and methods.</em> 40 sportsmen, representatives of the 4 sports at the age from 17 to 24 years and 25 healthy volunteers have participated in the study. The global electromyography and the study of the blink reflex have been included in the program of electroneurop hysiological studies in order to assess the polysynaptic reflex excitability of the brainstem. <em>Results</em>. If there is a myofascial trigger point in a muscle, the increased rest activity typе its pathogenic influence on the structures of the central nervous system, and this indicant can be used for objective assessment of the pathological process. The study of the blink reflex data allows to determine the connection of polysynaptic reflex excitability level with the myofascial pain severity in athletes. <em>Conclusions</em>: it has been determined that the global electromyography allows to objectively evaluate the pathogenesis of myofascial pain, and the blink reflex study can serve as an adequate neurophysiological test that reflects the performance peculiarities of the central nervous system suprasegmental parts to assess the blink reflex severity in athletes.

Study of polysynaptic reflex excitability and somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with myofascial pain syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
A. A. Safiullina ◽  
G. I. Safiullina ◽  
R. A. Yakupov
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Myofascial Pain Syndrome ◽  
Latent Form ◽  
Reflex Excitability ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Polysynaptic Reflex

Introduction. Myofascial pain syndrome (MFPS) is one of the most common pathologies of the musculoskeletal system that causes chronic pain. This type of pain reaches its peak in middle-aged people; women get sick 2,5 times more often than men. The disease leads to significant disability; it is not only a medical but also a social problem. Atthe same time, a number of authors still note the low clinical efficacy of the applied therapy regimens. In this situation there is in demand the further study of the MFPS pathogenesis, in particular, the clinical and electroneurophysiological characteristics of this pathology, in order to search for new, including pathogenetically proved, treatment methods.The aim of the research was to study the relationship between the indicators of the blinking reflex and somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with active and latent forms of MFPS.Materials and methods. In order to study the neurophysiological aspects of MFPS, a comprehensive clinical and electroneurophysiological examination was carried out in 92 patients of working age, including 78 women and 14 men, whose average age was 48,1±9,3) years, suffering from MFPS of the scapular area. The patients were subdivided into subgroups depending on the prevalence and severity of pain manifestations: the first subgroup — with an active form (58 people, 63 %), the second subgroup — with a latent form of MFPS (34 people, 37 %). The control group was formed from conditionally healthy volunteers in the amount of 35 people, comparable to the main group by age and sex.Results. The comparing of the study results, taking into account polysynaptic reflex excitability and the data of somatosensory evoked potentials, revealed the significant positive correlations of the indicators. The obtained results allowed to assess the excitability of spinal cord motor neurons as well as suprasegmental structures in MFPS, involved in the implementation of pain syndrome.Conclusion. The use of clinical electroneurophysiology methods makes it possible to assess the functional state of the CNS structures involved in the analysis of nociceptive afferentation. In the active form of MFPS, an increase in the excitability of stem and thalamic structures was mainly determined, which could potentially indicate the activation of adaptive processes on the one hand, and on the other hand, the predisposition of neuronal networks to a state of arousal. In the latent form of MFPS, a multidirectional change in reflex excitability was observed.

A Controlled Study of the Effect of Mephenesin on Psychiatric Out-Patients

1955 ◽  
Vol 101 (422) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. L. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chemical Compound ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Reflex Excitability ◽  
Depressant Action ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Conditions

The chemical compound 3-ortho-toloxy-1,2-propanediol, known as mephenesin, Myanesin or Tolserol, was shown by Berger and Bradley in 1946 to depress reflex excitability of the spinal cord and to have a depressant action at higher levels of the central nervous system in higher dosage. Other investigators confirmed this and the drug has been found effective for the spasticity and tremor of some neurological conditions.

Infrared Thermography – A Tool for Computer Assisted Research in Rehabilitation Medicine

2015 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 603-607
Author(s):  
Marius Cristian Cojocaru ◽  
Ioana Maria Cojocaru ◽  
Nida Alexandra Cojan Carlea ◽  
Delia Cinteza ◽  
Mihai Berteanu
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Myofascial Pain Syndrome ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Rehabilitation Medicine ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Muscle pain can be elicited by any irritation of the nociceptors in the muscle or central sensitization in the central nervous system and represent a challenge for medical as well as for neurological rehabilitation. The most frequently described muscle pain syndromes are myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). The use of infrared thermography in rehabilitation medicine for assessment of musculoskeletal disorders is not well documented in the current literature. This study is focused around MPS due to the more localized manifestations of this syndrome and it’s objective is to asses a correlation between the clinical findings, ultrasound examination and the thermal pattern of trigger points.

Clinical Evaluation of the Effect of Mephenesin on Anxiety

1953 ◽  
Vol 99 (416) ◽  
pp. 464-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Ewing ◽  
John H. Mendenhall
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Reflex Excitability ◽  
Depressant Action ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The drug which is now known officially as Mephenesin (“Myanesin,” “Tolserol”) was introduced by Berger and Bradley (1946), who showed that it antagonizes strychnine convulsions, counteracts pre-narcotic excitement, and increases the duration of barbiturate anaesthesia. Small doses depress the reflex excitability of the spinal cord, and larger doses have an ascending depressant action on the central nervous system. When Berger (1947) found that doses with little effect on voluntary power restored deranged reciprocal innervation to normal, he suggested that mephenesin might be useful in spastic and hypertonic conditions.

THE PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE INSECTICIDE DIELDRIN

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Gowdey ◽  
A. R. Graham ◽  
J. J. Seguin ◽  
G. W. Stavraky
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Submaxillary Gland ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Reflex Excitability ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effects of dieldrin (hexachloro-epoxy-octahydro-dimethanonaphthalene) were studied in acute experiments on cats and rabbits. When injected intravenously or intra-arterially, it caused excitation of the central nervous system, which resulted in increased reflex excitability, convulsions, bradycardia, and some vasodepression. Dieldrin potentiated the effects of acetylcholine on the central nervous system and on the circulatory system as well as on intestinal motility. These latter manifestations were abolished by section of the vagus nerves, indicating a central action. Dieldrin had no effect on salivary secretion produced either by stimulation of the chorda tympani or by injections of acetylcholine in the decentralized submaxillary gland. Thus, although dieldrin has a marked parasympathomimetic action, this effect is exerted through stimulation of central mechanisms and not peripherally.

scholarly journals Refractory neuroblastoma, victory over pain (clinical case)

Pain medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-58
Author(s):  
O O Kalinchuk ◽  
T G Korol ◽  
S S Blazhko ◽  
N U Kosechenko
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Thoracic Cavity ◽  
Oncological Patients ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor that develops from the stem cells of the sympathetic ganglia and the adrenal medulla and belongs to the group of neuroendocrine tumors. It is most often localized in the adrenal glands and the retroperitoneal space, less – in sympathetic ganglia of the neck and thoracic cavity. Pain syn-drome is one of the leading manifestations in patients with disease progression. Unlike other patients, a pain syndrome in oncological patients is not a temporary or periodic sensation, it has no physio-logical expediency, it does not have a protective mechanism, but, on the contrary, pain in this group of patients leads to inadaptation, distorted perception of pain and small impulses, most importantly, accompanied by various disorders of the functions of the central nervous system in the patient’s body.

THE PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE INSECTICIDE DIELDRIN

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 498-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Gowdey ◽  
A. R. Graham ◽  
J. J. Seguin ◽  
G. W. Stavraky
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Submaxillary Gland ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Reflex Excitability ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effects of dieldrin (hexachloro-epoxy-octahydro-dimethanonaphthalene) were studied in acute experiments on cats and rabbits. When injected intravenously or intra-arterially, it caused excitation of the central nervous system, which resulted in increased reflex excitability, convulsions, bradycardia, and some vasodepression. Dieldrin potentiated the effects of acetylcholine on the central nervous system and on the circulatory system as well as on intestinal motility. These latter manifestations were abolished by section of the vagus nerves, indicating a central action. Dieldrin had no effect on salivary secretion produced either by stimulation of the chorda tympani or by injections of acetylcholine in the decentralized submaxillary gland. Thus, although dieldrin has a marked parasympathomimetic action, this effect is exerted through stimulation of central mechanisms and not peripherally.

scholarly journals Complex regional pain syndrome, CRPS

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 (o6) ◽  
pp. 288-296
Author(s):  
Kristján G. Guðmundsson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
International Association ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Minor Trauma ◽  
Autoimmune Reaction ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Complex regional pain syndrome, CRPS, occurs with severe disabling pain, usually in the leg or hand, coupled with changes in pain perception, hyperesthesia and allodynia. There is as well, edema, changes in the color of the skin, trophic changes, and dystonia. The pain syndrome is often triggered by minor trauma. The pain perception is severe and out of context with the initial trauma. The syndrome is rare, occurring in a population-based study in the United States, with an incidence of only 5.5 per hundred thousand people per year. The incidence in Iceland, from the National Register of Diseases from the Directorate of Health, was 1.3 per annum, per hundred thousand people. The exact etiology of the disease is unknown. It is presumed that inflammation is the cause, often resulting from an autoimmune reaction. The term pain sensitization is also used to describe the pain mechanism, both in peripheral nerves and in the central nervous system. There are changes and displacement of the area of the neocortex that is coupled with pain perception. The criteria of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) were the basis for the diagnosis. Interdisciplinary team management according to the biopsychosocial model is thought to be the preferred treatment approach. The members of the team are occupational therapists, physiotherapists, social workers, psychologists, nurses, and medical doctors, augmented by other disciplines as needed. One treatment option is mirror therapy, where the diseased extremity is held behind a mirror during the training and the patient observes movements of the healthy extremity. Initially treatment is aimed at treating the inflammation, often with NSAID drugs, or with steroids. Medical treatments are the same as apply for the treatment of neural pain, with drugs such as Gabapentin, or anti depressive agents as duloxetine or imipramine. There is an indication to use bisphosphonates such as alendronate, especially if there is osteoporosis. It is assumed that the function of the NMDA receptor has changed in the central nervous system and treatment with intravenous ketamine, is an option. Spinal cord stimulation of the dorsal horns of the spine has been effective as well. In majority of cases the syndrome resolves in the first two years, but for the rest the prognosis is dire, symptoms getting worse and persisting for years and even decades.

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