The relationship between the effectiveness of performing technical elements and indicators of static and dynamic balance in young acrobats 6-7 years old

Purpose: to determine the relationship between the performance of basic elements and indicators of static and dynamic balance in the training process of young acrobats 6-7 years. Material and methods. The study involved 16 young acrobats at the stage of initial training (age 6-7 years). All parents of the participants gave written consent for the participation of children in the study. The study involved testing the technique of performing basic elements of sports acrobatics and assessing the static and dynamic balance of young athletes. The relationship between (swallow, shoulder blade, forward squat, wheel (sideways overturning), bridges) and static and dynamic equilibrium tests was determined. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient method was used as a method of statistical analysis. Results. It is established that the largest relationship between the performance of basic elements and static balance in the basic exercises of young acrobats have: Romberg's test with the elements "Swallow", "Stand on the shoulders", "Bridge"; Biryuk test with elements "Swallow", "Wheel", "Bridge"; balance "Swallow" with elements "Swallow", "Wheel"; static equilibrium test with the elements "Swallow", "Rack on the shoulders", "Rolling forward with a squat", "Wheel". Reliable values ​​of the correlation coefficient were established between the tests of dynamic balance and the basic elements of sports acrobatics in young athletes 6-7 years, namely: "Swallow", "Flip forward with a squat", "Wheel" and "Bridge". The analysis of special tests of static and dynamic balance in mastering the basic elements of acrobatics at the first stage of long-term training makes it possible to use them to determine the level of coordination capabilities of young athletes and further improve the use of acrobatic exercises. Conclusions. A reliable relationship between the performance of basic exercises and indicators of static and dynamic balance in young acrobats at the initial stage of training. It is shown that the level of static and dynamic balance is of great importance for the assimilation and improvement of basic elements of technology by young acrobats 6-7 years. Static and dynamic balance tests can be used to individually build training programs and young acrobats. It is shown that sports acrobatics is a significant means of developing the balance of children 6-7 years.

Predictive value of kinematic indicators for shot put result and selection of novice athletes

Purpose: to determine the most significant kinematic indicators in the sports selection of beginner shot putters. Material and Methods: This study was carried out on a sample of 9 students at the fourth stage of the competition in Division 1, which took place in the 2017/2018 academic year at the Faculty of Physical Education of Maysan University. The following kinematic (biomechanical) parameters were analyzed: the angle of release of the nucleus, the velocity of release, the height of the point of ejection of the nucleus and the speed of swing. The correlation coefficients were determined between the kinematic indicators and the result in the shot put, as well as the regression equation for the dependence of the result in the shot put on the knematic indicators. The data obtained in the study were presented in the form of the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, median, skewness coefficient, Pearson's correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and linear regression, which included the contribution coefficients of each analyzed indicator, standard error, reliability of the regression equation as a whole, and reliability of the coefficients contribution to the shot put result of each kinematic exponent. Results. It has been shown that the swing speed has the greatest influence on the result in the shot put among beginner athletes. The swing speed, shot angle, shot speed and shot height have significant relationships with the shot put result. The multiple regression equation for the dependence of the shot put result on the swing speed, shot angle, shot height and shot point turned out to be reliable in general. However, only the swing speed has a reliable coefficient of the regression equation. The shot angle tends to be the determining factor in the shot put result. The release rate and the height of the release point have significant correlations with the shot put result, although in the regression equation they have unreliable indicators of influence on the shot put result. Conclusions. When teaching beginner shot putters, the greatest attention should be paid to the pushing swing technique, namely the swing speed. The second most important indicator is the angle of the shot put, it is recommended to use the basic prediction equation, which determines the expected results in the selection of young athletes in shot put, with high reliability of the results obtained. These characteristics are recommended to be used for evaluating young athletes, as well as in the process of training and preparing athletes for competitions.

Ratio of maximum hamstring torque to maximum quadriceps torque in professional basketball and soccer players

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the differences between football players and basketball players in the mean absolute values ​​of maximum torque flexors and extensors, ratio of maximum hamstring torque to maximum quadriceps torque dominant (DOM) non-dominant (ND) leg and differences in bilateral imbalance of flexor muscles and knee extensors. Material and methods: The research included a sample of 39 professional athletes. The first subsample included 19 professional basketball players while the second subsample included 20 professional soccer players. Results: Based on the results of the torques of the extensors in the knee joint of the DOM and ND legs, it was established that there is no statistically significant difference between basketball players and football players. However, a statistically significant difference was found in the torque flexors of the knee joint DOM (p≤0.01) and ND (p≤0.00) of the leg between basketball players and football players. On the other hand, the results of the research indicate that the difference between basketball players and football players in the ratio of Hamstrings peak torque to Quadriceps peak torque was recorded only in the ND leg (p≤0.02), while the difference in the DOM leg is not statistically significant. The results of our study indicate that basketball players have a higher percentage of imbalances compared to football players, especially in m. hamstrings. Conclusion: This study provides normative data on populations specific to soccer and basketball, but does not provide evidence of the ability of the isokinetic assessment of lower extremity muscle strength to predict injuries to football players and basketball players.

Change of psychophysiological indices in female students of creative occupations

Purpose: studying the dynamics of psychophysiological indices of creative occupation female students. Маterial: the study involved 120 female students. Reactive qualities, level of static and dynamic equilibrium, orientational qualities, speed of operative thinking, volume of rote memorization, attention distribution, level of accuracy, attention speed and switching, accuracy of task performance were assessed. Results: a decrease in the indices of the accuracy of reproducing motion amplitude and a given value of effort, those of response to vertically falling object and those of static and dynamic equilibrium was revealed. An improvement in the dynamics of nervous processes and the ability to constructive praxis was noted. The decrease in the level of development of motor qualities, professional skills, physical fitness, and health is observed already in the 1st year of study. The authors believe that the pedagogical influences should be started from the 1st course and continued until the end of the study. In the process of physical education classes, the physical exercises aimed at improving the professionally significant psychophysiological properties of students should be used. It is they that restrain the negative effect of increasing the intensity of educational classes simultaneously contributing to an increase in the development level of almost all motor qualities and health. Conclusions: uneven decrease of most psychophysiological indices negatively affects both the level of female student motor preparation and professional abilities of the future designers. The findings give ground for the development of the methods for improving motor qualities and psychophysiological properties professionally significant for students-designers. Taking into account the future profession specifics and the health indices will allow more precise planning of the content of physical education classes.

Competitive Activity of Weightlifters at the XXXII Olympic Games 2020 in Tokyo: Results and Prospects

Purpose: to study the indicators of the competitive activity of the strongest weightlifters in the world at the Games of the XXXII Olympiad 2020 and to identify trends for further increasing their sports results, taking into account weight categories and gender differences. Material and methods. By studying scientific literature, Internet resources, competition protocols, pedagogical observations, video recordings of competitions, we analyzed the achievements of 140 weightlifters who took part in the Games of the XXXII Olympiad 2020 in Tokyo and the number of countries they represented. All indicators of competitive activity and age characteristics were grouped according to the following principle: among the top 10 weightlifters in each weight category, as well as separately among the prize-winners of competitions among men and women. Results. The sports results of the top 10 weightlifters of each weight category among men and women who took part in competitions, age characteristics, the rate of achievements in a sports career, the level of approaches implementation and international competition were analyzed. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the number of countries and licenses received by the athletes of these countries, world and Olympic records, the effectiveness of the performances of the world's leading weightlifters at the Olympic Games is shown. The optimal age for achieving the highest results, the age of the beginning of the sport for the prize-winners of the competition, the rate of achieving maximum results in a sports career, sports results, the level of implementation of competitive approaches, the rate of increase in achievements in competitive exercises, the value of starting results, the level of international competition in each weight category in men and women, the characteristics of the dynamics of the results of the most titled athletes during their sports career, who took part in the Olympic Games, are given.

Determination of fighting styles of qualified veteran boxers based on cluster analysis of biomechanical and psychophysiological indicators

Purpose: to reveal the styles of fighting veteran boxers on the basis of a multivariate analysis of psychophysiological and biomechanical indicators. Material and methods. The study involved 42 qualified veteran boxers (age 45-50 years). As research methods, we used a biomechanical analysis of the indicators of the speed of movement of various points and the values ​​of the angles in the joints when performing a direct blow by boxers. The psychophysiological method was used to determine the time of a simple and complex reaction under standard conditions and in various testing modes. We used the method of cluster analysis to distribute athletes into groups using the SPSS - 17.0 program. Within the groups, the athletes are as similar as possible to each other in terms of the analyzed indicators, and between the groups they differ as much as possible. The analysis of the groups of athletes obtained with the help of cluster analysis made it possible to identify athletes with the following styles of fighting: tempo, game, power. Results. Cluster analysis of psychophysiological and biomehanical testing showed the presence of 3 groups of athletes. The clusters were named as follows: Cluster 1 - "Speed and coordination endurance", corresponds to the boxers of the pace of the fight; Cluster 2 - "Speed", corresponds to the boxers of the game style of fighting; Cluster 3 - "Strength and speed", corresponds to the boxers of the pace of the fight. Biomechanical features of boxers of different styles of fighting are reflected in the trajectories of the points of the fist, elbow, knee. Conclusions. The results of this study should be used when planning the individual training of athletes in boxing and to determine the optimal style of competitive competition for qualified veteran boxers. The proposed methods of psychophysiological and biomechanical testing to determine the individual characteristics of boxers are an effective, fairly accessible and convenient tool for revealing the predisposition of boxers to a certain style of fighting.

Structural validity of the physical fitness test battery

Purpose: of the study was to examine the validity of the Army Combat Fitness Test tests on a sample of air defense personnel in the Ukrainian Ground Forces. Material and methods. The respondents to this study were 271 air defense servicemen of the ground forces aged 18 to 40 years (73 cadets of the Ivan Kozhedub Kharkiv National Air Force University and 198 military personnel). The structural validity was evaluated using a confirmatory factor analysis. Results. Compliance was achieved with the two-factor model obtained in the course of exploratory factor analysis, as evidenced by the following indixes: χ2 (8, Critical N = 465.29) = 10.43; χ2 / df = 1.303; Non-Normed Fit Index = 0.98; Normed Fit Index = 0.97; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.035 (90 Percent Confidence Interval for Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = (0.0; 0.088), Comparative Fit Index = 0.99. In addition, all factor loadings were statistically significant at the p < 0.01 level, that indicates that these two factors were well designed at every stage. Correlation between factors was weak, which confirms the discriminant validity of the test. The significant correlation found between the items and the overall test score confirmed the validity of the test. Conclusions. It was found that Army Combat Fitness Test is a suitable tool for evaluating the physical fitness condition of air defense personnel into the Ground Forces. The dilemmas about the possible use of Army Combat Fitness Test for all age groups of military personnel regardless of gender require further study.

Viability and socio-psychological adaptation of athletes of different qualifications in fire and applied sports

Purpose: to study the peculiarities of the relationship between resilience and socio-psychological adaptation to activities in novice athletes; to develop a program of social and psychological training for the development of resilience and optimization of the adaptation process in athletes. Material and methods. The study involved 42 sportsmen of fire-applied sports at the age from 17 to 20 years. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific literature, system analysis and data interpretation; testing; methods of mathematical statistics. Results. As a result of the research, a resilience training was developed for novice athletes in order to optimize adaptation processes. The main goals of the training are: achieving a deeper understanding of stressful circumstances, ways to overcome them; finding ways to actively solve problems; constant use of feedback, thereby deepening the self-perception of involvement, control and risk taking. After the training, the level of resilience increased, the maladjustment of the participants decreased. Conclusions. The article presents a theoretical analysis and empirical study of the problem of the relationship between resilience and socio-psychological adaptation to sports activity of young sportsmen of adolescence. The results obtained in empirical research indicate that the level of resilience is associated with indicators of adaptation. The socio-psychological training has been developed to optimize the process of adaptation to sports activity by increasing the level of vitality. The effectiveness of the developed training program for athletes has been proven.

Physical development and physical preparedness monitoring of lyceum students of different ages

In recent years, the health situation in Ukraine has deteriorated. According to statistics, 50% of children have poor health, 75% of children under 14 have chronic diseases, only 10% of school graduates can be called healthy. The overall incidence of children under the age of 14 increased by 16%, at the age of 15-17 - by 18%. Against this background, the level of physical development of children decreases. The current regulation has updated the work on the implementation of monitoring studies in various fields of activity and at different levels, including in the field of physical culture and sports, in order to increase the efficiency of the process of physical education of schoolchildren. Monitoring the physical development of adolescents is a complex information-analytical and prognostically important system that includes monitoring of health and physical development and its assessment, along with analysis at the level of an individual or a social group to predict future health, both for an individual and for the entire group persons united on a territorial basis or the nature of their activities. Such monitoring helps prevent negative trends in physical development in children and adolescents. Purpose: to analyze the results of monitoring the physical development and physical preparedness of students of the Lyceum Materials and methods: The analysis of materials on this issue was carried out based on the results of the implementation of the national educational initiative "Our New School" in accordance with the plan for the modernization of general education [3], according to which in 2019-2020 in secondary schools of Ivano-Frankivsk, the physical development of schoolchildren and schoolgirls was monitored 100 lyceum students 11-17 years old were examined, who were divided into 2 groups according to their academic performance: 1 gr. consisted of 50 lyceum students (35 girls and 15 boys) with high academic performance (average score 4.75), in the composition of 2 gr. it included 50 lyceum students - "lagging behind" (average score 3.5) (25 girls and 25 boys). Results: monitoring showed that, regardless of the group, lyceum students have an average level of physical development (girls - 62.1%, boys - 57.8%). Only 13.8% of girls and 14.4% of boys have a high level of physical development. Almost a quarter of high school students (23.9% of girls and 27.5% of boys) have a low level of physical development, and there are almost 2 times more such students than lyceum students with a high level of physical development. Conclusion: Summarizing the above, it should be noted that when implementing the results of monitoring physical development, there are two main directions: 1. Correction of deviations identified during monitoring in the state of development of physical condition. 2. Using student monitoring as a basis for creating a sports selection system. Based on this, we can conclude that an important component and subject of monitoring is the physical health of lyceum students, mainly in educational institutions, which contributes to monitoring and management decisions on making adjustments to the educational process.

Key psychological factors in long distance running

Purpose of the article is to identify the most important psychological factors influencing success among long-distance runners. Material and methods. The application of an electronic diagnostic survey (interview) was used as the research method in the study. The normalized questionnaire was applied as a research technique in the paper. Results.The analysis of the results was divided into parts, the first two of which concern the characteristics and environment of the respondents, and the remaining ones refer to the research problems formulated in the methodology section. The most numerous group of women have physical and mental trainings (32%) and the majority of men trains neither physically nor mentally (28%). Conclusions. There are many key factors in long-distance running. However, the most important ones seem to be stubbornness, motivation, self-confidence, optimism as well as support from family and peers. Runners are considered to be people who are often physically and mentally resistant. They are often able to sacrifice a lot to achieve their goals. The path taken by long-distance runners is often incomprehensible to their surroundings that is family, peers or employers.