scholarly journals Effect of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Extract on Growth of Fusarium graminearum and the Expression of TRI4 and FG08079 Genes of the Fungus

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Asyeh Narouei ◽  
Mahdi Pirnia ◽  
Shirahmad Sarani ◽  
Javad Abkhoo
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration

Introduction: Fusarium graminearum produces trichothecenes, such as deoxynivalenol and secondary metabolite butenolide, which cause profound health problems in humans. In this research, the effect of acetone extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa is evaluated on growth of F. graminearum and expression of TRI4 and FG08079 genes, which are involved in deoxynivalenol and butenolide biosynthetic pathways, respectively. Methods: Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined. The expression of TRI4 and FG08079 genes were evaluated by teal-time PCR technique.Results: The MIC and MFC for acetone extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa against F. graminearum were 200 mg/mL and 400 mg/mL, respectively. Expression of TRI4 and FG08079 genes were significantly decreased by the acetone extract of red tea. Conclusion: The results showed that acetone extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa has inhibitory and fungicidal effects on F. graminearum and is effective in reducing the expression of TRI4 and FG08079 genes, which play important roles in deoxynivalenol and butenolide production.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity and LC-MS Data Comparison from Lichen Parmotrema praesorediosum in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-393
Author(s):  
Anis Asmi Azman ◽  
Nurul Nadiah ◽  
Andi Rifki Rosandy ◽  
Afnani Alwi ◽  
Nurkhalida Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Data Comparison ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Pure Compounds

The research study regarding antimicrobial activity of pure compounds and LCMS data comparison from extract of lichen Parmotrema praesorediosum in Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Antimicrobial activity of acetone, ethanol, and methanol extracts as well as five compounds, namely methyl divaricatinate, methyl haematommate, methyl chlorohaematommate, methyl β-orsellinate, and vinapraesorediosic acid from methanol extract were identified for the microbial activity against four bacterial species, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogens, and Escerichia coli as well as two fungal species, Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosisbased on standards. The determination of IC50 using minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) by broth microdilution method was carried out. For acetone extract, 201 μg/mL concentration was required to inhibit 50% (IC50) growth of positive gram bacteria, S. aureus while the concentrations of 430 and 480 μg/mL were able to inhibit 50% (IC50) growth of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis, respectively. Ethanol and methanol extract as well as five pure compounds did not inhibit 50% (IC50) of bacterial and yeast growths. Five pure compounds were first reported to determine IC50 of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) from lichen, Parmotrema praesorediosum in Malaysia. The comparison of LC-MS data between ethanol and acetone extracts showed that there was a peak of the main compound, atranorin in the acetone extract, but was invisible in the ethanol extract where the main bond broke down and produced other compounds. Result of pure compounds from antimicrobial activity and LCMS data comparison from extract of lichen Parmotrema praesorediosum were first reported in Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Data produced from this study will be used to show the comparison and latest result that will provide ongoing body of research into the issue of natural product.

Nồng độ ức chế tối thiểu (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration - MIC) của một số loại kháng sinh đến vi khuẩn phân lập được từ cá dìa thương phẩm mắc bệnh lở loét (Siganus guttatus, Bloch, 1787)

2015 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lê Văn Bảo Duy ◽  
Dương Thị Thủy ◽  
Nguyễn Ngọc Phước ◽  
Trương Thị Hoa ◽  
Nguyễn Đức Quỳnh Anh
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vibrio Tubiashii

Nghiên cứu được tiến hành nhằm xác định nồng độ ức chế tối thiểu (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration - MIC) của một số loại kháng sinh đến vi khuẩn phân lập được từ cá dìa thương phẩm mắc bệnh lở loét (Siganus guttatus). Từ kết quả phân lập định danh cho thấy 2 chủng Vibrio parahaemolyticus VPMP22 và Vibrio tubiashii ATCC 19109 có mặt trên các vết lở loét ở cá dìa thương phẩm. Kết quả thử nghiệm MIC cho thấy các loại kháng sinh Cefuroxim, Cefotaxim, Tetracycline, Erythromicin, Rifamicin có nồng độ ức chế vi khuẩn Vibrio parahaemolyticus VPMP22 tốt nhất dưới 0.21 µg/ml. Các kháng sinh có Cefuroxim, Cefotaxim, Oxytetraciline, Erythromicin, Trimethoprim nồng độ ức chế vi khuẩn Vibrio tubiashii ATCC 19109 tốt nhất dưới 1.25 µg/ml. Penicillin có nồng độ ức chế tối thiểu cao nhất đối với cả 2 chủng vi khuẩn trên (80 µg/ml), cho thấy 2 chủng vi khuẩn trên đã có sự kháng thuốc đối với loại kháng sinh này. Do đó, trong phòng trị bệnh lở loét trên cá dìa nên sử dụng Cefuroxim và Cefotaxim để có hiệu quả cao nhất trong phòng trị bệnh.

scholarly journals Synergistic Interaction of Methanol Extract fromCanarium odontophyllumMiq. Leaf in Combination with Oxacillin against Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) ATCC 33591

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayang Fredalina Basri ◽  
Vimashiinee Sandra
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Interaction ◽  
Antistaphylococcal Activity ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Canarium Odontophyllum ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Acetone Extracts

Canarium odontophyllum(CO) Miq. has been considered as one of the most sought-after plant species in Sarawak, Malaysia, due to its nutritional and pharmacological benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacodynamic interaction of crude methanol and acetone extracts from CO leaves in combination with oxacillin, vancomycin, and linezolid, respectively, against MRSA ATCC 33591 as preliminary study has reported its potential antistaphylococcal activity. The broth microdilution assay revealed that both methanol and acetone extracts were bactericidal with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 312.5 μg/mL and 156.25 μg/mL and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 625 μg/mL and 312.5 μg/mL, respectively. Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) indices were obtained via the chequerboard dilution assay where methanol extract-oxacillin, acetone extract-oxacillin, methanol extract-linezolid, and acetone extract-linezolid combinations exhibited synergism (FIC index ≤ 0.5). The synergistic action of the methanol extract-oxacillin combination was verified by time-kill analysis where bactericidal effect was observed at concentration of 1/8 × MIC of both compounds at 9.6 h compared to oxacillin alone. As such, these findings postulated that both extracts exert their anti-MRSA mechanism of action similar to that of vancomycin and provide evidence that the leaves ofC. odontophyllumhave the potential to be developed into antistaphylococcal agents.

Toxicity of the First Ten MEIC Chemicals to Bacteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
Gustaw Kerszman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Blood Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mild Toxicity

The toxicity of the first ten MEIC chemicals to Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis was examined. Nine of the chemicals were toxic to the bacteria, with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 10-3 to 4.4M. The sensitivities of both organisms were similar, but the effect on E. coli was often bactericidal, while it was bacteriostatic for B. subtilis. Digoxin was not detectably toxic to either bacterial species. Amitriptyline and FeSO4 were relatively less toxic to the bacteria than to human cells. For seven chemicals, a highly significant linear regression was established between log MIC in bacteria and log of blood concentration, giving lethal and moderate/mild toxicity in humans, as well as with toxicity to human lymphocytes.

ANTIFUNGAL TOPICAL GEL OF LEAF EXTRACT OF AMARANTHUS VIRIDIS L. FOR TREATMENT OF CUTANEOUS CANDIDIASIS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
A. P. Pandit ◽  
◽  
K. S. Khandagale ◽  
V. C Nakhate ◽  
N. N Dharmadhikari
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Topical Gel ◽  
Cutaneous Candidiasis

The objective of the study was to prepare antifungal gel using leaves of Amaranthus viridis for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis. The leaves were studied for pharmacognostic evaluation. The powder of leaves was tested for phytoconstituents. The plant extract was evaluated for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) and antifungal activity. Gel was prepared and evaluated for pH, viscosity, homogeneity and grittiness. MIC and MFC of extract were both found to be 600 mg. The zone of inhibition of extract was obtained at 21.2±0.2mm, which confirmed antifungal activity, due to presence of phenolic compound. Gel exhibited good antifungal activity, good spreadability, extrudability and high viscosity. Thus, gel loaded with leaves extract of A. viridis is a good choice for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis.

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