scholarly journals Fingerprinting sources of salinity in a coastal chalk aquifer in Denmark using trace elements

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Knudsen ◽  
Klaus Hinsby ◽  
Rasmus Jakobsen ◽  
Lars Juul Kjærgård ◽  
Per Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Compositional Variation ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Salty Water ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Chalk Aquifer ◽  
The Baltic

Salinity levels above the drinking water standard (>250 mg/l Cl–) are observed at shallow depth in a Maastrichtian chalk aquifer on the island of Falster, south-eastern Denmark. To understand the source of the salt, 63 samples from 12 individual, 1 m, screened intervals between 14 and 26 m b.s. were collected from 1 May to 4 June 2018. The samples were collected during a tracer test to estimate the dual porosity properties of the chalk and were analysed for a wide range of elements. Furthermore, samples from the Baltic Sea and from deeper saline aquifers in the area (40 and 85 m b.s.) were analysed for comparison. The geochemical data were analysed using an unsupervised machine-learning algorithm, self-organising maps, to fingerprint water sources. The water composition in the screened intervals at various stratigraphic levels has specific geochemical fingerprints that are maintained for the first days of pumping and are distinct amongst the different levels. This suggests an evolution in water composition because of reaction with the chalk. Water composition is distinct from both seawater from the nearby Baltic Sea and salty water from deeper levels of the reservoir. Thus, neither up-coning of salty water nor intrusion of seawater caused the elevated salinity levels in the area. The slightly saline composition of groundwater in the shallow aquifer (14–26 m b.s.) is more likely because of incomplete refreshing of the salty connate water in the chalk during the Pleistocene and Holocene. Furthermore, the geochemical fingerprint of salty water from the deeper aquifer at 40 m was similar to water from the Baltic Sea, suggesting a Baltic Sea source for salt in the aquifer at 40 m b.s., c. 100 m from the coast. Statistical analysis based on self-organising maps is an effective tool for interpreting a large number of variables to understand the compositional variation in an aquifer and a useful alternative to linear dimensionality-reduction methods such as principal component analysis. The approach using the multi-element analysis combined with the analysis of self-organising maps may be useful in future studies of groundwater quality.

scholarly journals Satellite Remote Sensing Signatures of the Major Baltic Inflows

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 954
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Stramska ◽  
Paulina Aniskiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Salty Water ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
The North ◽  
The Baltic

Variability of sea level in the North and Baltic Seas, enforced by weather patterns, affects the intensity of water exchange between these seas. Transfer of salty water from the North Sea is very important for the hydrography of the Baltic Sea. The volume of inflowing salty water can occasionally increase remarkably. Such incidents, called the Major Baltic Inflows (MBIs), are unpredictable, of relatively short duration, and difficult to observe using in situ data. We have shown that remote sensing altimetry can be used as a complementary source of information about the MBI events. The advantage of using such data is that large-scale spatial information about SLA is available with daily resolution. We have described changes in SLA during several MBI events observed in 1993–2017. The net volume of water transported into the Baltic Sea varied between the events due to differences in atmospheric forcing. Based on SLA data, the largest inflow of water happened during the 2014 MBI. This is in agreement with previously published results, based on in situ data.

scholarly journals Pipefish Locally Adapted to Low Salinity in the Baltic Sea Retain Phenotypic Plasticity to Cope With Ancestral Salinity Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Goehlich ◽  
Linda Sartoris ◽  
Kim-Sara Wagner ◽  
Carolin C. Wendling ◽  
Olivia Roth
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Genetic Adaptation ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Syngnathus Typhle ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
The Baltic

Genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity facilitate the migration into new habitats and enable organisms to cope with a rapidly changing environment. In contrast to genetic adaptation that spans multiple generations as an evolutionary process, phenotypic plasticity allows acclimation within the life-time of an organism. Genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity are usually studied in isolation, however, only by including their interactive impact, we can understand acclimation and adaptation in nature. We aimed to explore the contribution of adaptation and plasticity in coping with an abiotic (salinity) and a biotic (Vibriobacteria) stressor using six different populations of the broad-nosed pipefishSyngnathus typhlethat originated from either high [14–17 Practical Salinity Unit (PSU)] or low (7–11 PSU) saline environments along the German coastline of the Baltic Sea. We exposed wild caught animals, to either high (15 PSU) or low (7 PSU) salinity, representing native and novel salinity conditions and allowed animals to mate. After male pregnancy, offspring was split and each half was exposed to one of the two salinities and infected withVibrio alginolyticusbacteria that were evolved at either of the two salinities in a fully reciprocal design. We investigated life-history traits of fathers and expression of 47 target genes in mothers and offspring. Pregnant males originating from high salinity exposed to low salinity were highly susceptible to opportunistic fungi infections resulting in decreased offspring size and number. In contrast, no signs of fungal infection were identified in fathers originating from low saline conditions suggesting that genetic adaptation has the potential to overcome the challenges encountered at low salinity. Offspring from parents with low saline origin survived better at low salinity suggesting genetic adaptation to low salinity. In addition, gene expression analyses of juveniles indicated patterns of local adaptation,trans-generational plasticity and developmental plasticity. In conclusion, our study suggests that pipefish are locally adapted to the low salinity in their environment, however, they are retaining phenotypic plasticity, which allows them to also cope with ancestral salinity levels and prevailing pathogens.

Pine pollen grains in coastal waters of the Baltic Sea

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Pawlik ◽  
Dariusz Ficek
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Pine Pollen ◽  
Remote Measurements ◽  
Spherical Diameter ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractMeasurements relating to a yellow deposit covering large areas of the Baltic Sea in spring are reported. Analysis of water samples showed it to be of terrestrial origin and to consist mainly of pine pollen grains. The equivalent spherical diameter (ESD) of these grains ranged from 29.1 to 78.4 μm, with a maximum between 47.7 and 56.3 μm. Surface water concentrations of pollen in the coastal zone near Ustka showed that its proportion in the total suspended particulate matter (SPM) might be as high as 30-40%. Such high surface water concentrations of hitherto neglected substances critical to water color formation can give rise to serious errors in remote measurements of water composition and properties.

Temporal and spatial sedimentation rate variabilities in the eastern Gotland Basin, the Baltic Sea

Boreas ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Christiansen ◽  
Helmar Kunzendorf ◽  
Kay-Christian Emeis ◽  
Rudolf Endler ◽  
Ulrich Struck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Gotland Basin ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Baltic

Russian Oil: Production and Exports

2003 ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
K. Liuhto
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Sea Ports ◽  
The Baltic

Statistical data on reserves, production and exports of Russian oil are provided in the article. The author pays special attention to the expansion of opportunities of sea oil transportation by construction of new oil terminals in the North-West of the country and first of all the largest terminal in Murmansk. In his opinion, one of the main problems in this sphere is prevention of ecological accidents in the process of oil transportation through the Baltic sea ports.

Paleoecological study of bottom sediments of the lake Goluboye (Karelian Isthmus) according to the results of diatom analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 265-269
Author(s):  
Angelina E. Shatalova ◽  
Uriy A. Kublitsky ◽  
Dmitry A. Subetto ◽  
Anna V. Ludikova ◽  
Alar Rosentau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Karelian Isthmus ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Diatom Analysis ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
The Baltic

The study of paleogeography of lakes is an actual and important direction in modern science. As part of the study of lakes in the North-West of the Karelian Isthmus, this analysis will establish the dynamics of salinity of objects, which will allow to reconstruct changes in the level of the Baltic Sea in the Holocene.

Holocene diatom biostratigraphy of the SW Gulf of Gdańsk, Southern Baltic Sea (part III)

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Leśniewska ◽  
Małgorzata Witak
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Gulf Of Gdańsk ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Southern Baltic Sea ◽  
Gulf Of Gdansk ◽  
Southern Baltic ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Palaeoenvironmental Changes

Holocene diatom biostratigraphy of the SW Gulf of Gdańsk, Southern Baltic Sea (part III)The palaeoenvironmental changes of the south-western part of the Gulf of Gdańsk during the last 8,000 years, with reference to the stages of the Baltic Sea, were reconstructed. Diatom analyses of two cores taken from the shallower and deeper parts of the basin enabled the conclusion to be drawn that the microflora studied developed in the three Baltic phases: Mastogloia, Littorina and Post-Littorina. Moreover, the so-called anthropogenic assemblage was observed in subbottom sediments of the study area.

Associations of Sphagnum rubellum Wils. on the bogs of the south-east part of Baltic region

2003 ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Smagin ◽  
M. G. Napreenko
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Karelian Isthmus ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
The South ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Typical Habitat ◽  
New Syntaxa

The paper characterizes the 3 associations comprising plant communities with Sphagnum rubellum in the south-eastern part of the Baltic region. The new syntaxa differ from each other both in their floristic characters and the pronounced affinity to definite regional mire types and particular habitats. The ass. Drosero-Sphagnetum rubelli is typical of the relatively most thorough ranges. It is observed from the Kaliningrad region to the Karelian Isthmus and, according to the published reference, occurs even throughout the whole area around the Baltic Sea. Its most typical habitat is that of margins of mire lakes and pools. The ass. Eriophoro-Sphagnetum rubelli occurs in central plateaus of convex plateau-like bogs, typical of the areas adjacent to the Baltic Sea coast. It occupies extended flat mire ecotopes with the water level 0.2–0.25 m deep. The ass. Empetro-Sphagnetum rubelli is characteristic of the retrogressive complex in the convex bogs of the East-Baltic Province. It is mostly observed along the coast of the Gulf of Finland. Its stands are rather dynamic and unstable in both space and time. The presence of communities comprised by these 3 associations is an important vegetation character of the series of regional mire types. Assuming an association level of the respective syntaxa seems rational for the purposes of adequate reflection of plant cover diversity.

MODERN TECHNOLOGY IN DUNE COMPLEXES MONITORING ON THE VISTULA SPIT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Danchenkov ◽  
Aleksandr Danchenkov
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Coastal Processes ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Modern Technologies

Modern technologies, which provide fast and accurate acquisition of high-resolution spatial data, have found widespread application in the monitoring of coastal processes. This paper reports the results of four years’ monitoring of a huge deflation/blowout/wind-scour basin dynamics at the Vistula Spit (southeast coast of the Baltic Sea). Information about the volume and size dynamics together with deflation/accumulation schemes and 3D elevation maps is presented. Basing on the obtained results, forecast of the deflation basin dynamics for 2016 was proposed. This paper implements the Terrestrial Laserscanning (TLS) method to the coastal processes investigation and demonstrates its high potential in this field.

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