Legal issues in marketing of anabolic-androgenic steroids

2015 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Adam Mazurek ◽  
◽  
Krzysztof Jop ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Medical Prescription ◽  
Drug Enforcement ◽  
Drug Enforcement Administration ◽  
Efficient Reduction ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Insight Into

This article provides an insight into the issue of illicit marketing of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) in Poland. This risk attached to this phenomenon is particularly reflected in forensic opinions elaborated by the National Medicines Institute for the Police, prosecutor’s offices, Border Guard and other agencies. The casework opinions concern AAS preparations not admitted to trading in Poland for various reasons, raw materials used in the production process, preparations admitted to trading, yet marketed in breach of the applicable provisions of law, and finally, falsified preparations. The article presents a range of the provisions of law, penalizing illicit marketing of AAS-containing products. The structure of criminal law provisions in Poland does not support the efficient reduction of AAS-containing products unlawfully introduced on the Polish market. As a rule, AAS-containing products are classified as medicinal products subject to medical prescription. The authors discuss the possibilities of applying alternative, more restrictive provisions of the Penal Code and other acts by the Police and prosecutors. For comparison purposes, a U.S. scheme of dealing with AAS marketing phenomenon was presented. The provisions of law in the U.S. are more restrictive as regards AAS, which are regarded as controlled substances equally with narcotics and dealt with by the Drug Enforcement Administration - a government agency responsible for combating drug-related crime.

scholarly journals Exploring Small and Medium Scale Manufacturing Firms and Quality Management of Medicinal Material Supply in a Developing Economy: The Ghanaian Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Juliet Twumasi ◽  
Evans Kyeremeh ◽  
Benedict Owusu Yankeyera
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Developing Economy ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Material Supply ◽  
Materials Used

The quality of herbs used to make herbal medicinal products largely influences the safety and effectiveness of these herbal treatments. It is therefore important to investigate the extent to which manufacturers are ensuring the quality supply of herbal medicine used in production of herbal medicine. This study examines how small and medium scale manufacturers assure the quality and continual improvement of the raw materials (raw materials) used for production of medicinal products in a developing economy, the state of Ghana, and the methods used by the company. The study adopted exploratory research design. Using interview quide with open ended questions, data was collected from 88 respondents (small and medium scale manufacturers and their representatives). The data was analysed using NVivo 11. Findings of the study indicated that herbs were collected from the wild (forest), physical inspection of the herbs and best manufacturing practices, good relationship management or collaboration were measures used to promote quality of raw material supply. Also, proper documentation or recording of processes and quality measures do not have much attention or acceptance among Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs).

scholarly journals Melting Process and Viscosity of Bohemian Historical Glasses Studied on Model Glasses

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Karolína Pánová ◽  
Kristýna Jílková ◽  
Dana Rohanová ◽  
František Lahodný ◽  
Dagmar Galusková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Melting ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Melting Characteristics ◽  
Thermal Dilatation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Insight Into

Analyzing the chemical composition of archaeological glasses can provide an insight into their provenance and raw materials used in their making. However, to the authors’ knowledge, the historical production process itself and melting characteristics of the glasses have not yet been extensively investigated. The main focus of this paper is to describe the melting process of three main types of Bohemian historical glasses: Gothic (14th–1st half of 16th c.); Renaissance (16th–17th c.); and Baroque (end of 17th–18th c.). The model glasses were prepared from natural raw materials and processes that take place during melting were investigated using optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, XRD, and DTA-TG methods. Furthermore, the viscosity of model glasses and thermal dilatation was measured and used to calculate the reference viscosity points. The results illustrate the complexity of historical glass melting, as well as the technological progress between different periods.

scholarly journals «YOLO – you only live once»:

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-214
Author(s):  
Berit Johnsen ◽  
Vidar Skogvoll ◽  
Tom Normann
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThis article presents a study of Norwegian prisoners’ experiences with anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) and other drugs. An intervention »Ren trening« was conducted by Antidoping Norge2 in the fall of 2019. Fieldwork was carried out at two drug treatment units with a total of 25 prisoners, 11 of which were interviewed. A bottom-up approach to the analyses of the data resulted in rich narratives that give a unique insight into prisoner experiences with AAS. Further analyses showed extensive use of AAS in combination with other narcotics, especially amphetamine. According to a typology developed by Christiansen et al. (2017), the uncritical use of AAS, without any consideration for its potentially serious side effects, can be understood as »YOLO – You Only Live Once«. Ambivalence surrounding the use of AAS, even if respect for clean exercise without the use of AAS is high, can be linked to pleasant experiences with these drugs. The body remembers these experiences and prisoners recall them with nostalgic undertones. The seriousness of the problems associated with the use of AAS, including criminal activity, indicates the importance of addressing these issues in prison.

Effects of anabolic androgenic steroids on the reproductive system of athletes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Christou ◽  
Panagiota Christou ◽  
Georgios Markozannes ◽  
Agathocles Tsatsoulis ◽  
George Mastorakos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

SIFAT MEKANIK PAPAN GYPSUM DARI SERBUK LIMBAH KAYU NON KOMERSIAL

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Saibatul Hamdi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Gypsum Board ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
Sawn Timber ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Artocarpus Elasticus ◽  
Ficus Glomerata

The purpose of this research is to know the mechanical strength of gypsum board by utilizing waste sawn wood. Raw materials used consist of flour, gypsum,wood particles, boraks and kambang (Goniothalamus sp), wood tarap (Artocarpus elasticus REINW) and lua (Ficus glomerata ROXB). Wood particle 40 mesh and 60 mesh, concentrations boraks of 1 and 2 and the percentage particles of gypsum sawn timber is 300, 400 and 500%. The results showed that the average value Modulus of Rufture (MoR) in lua wood ranges from 12.55 – 14,47 kgcm2, wood kambang 25.10-31,11 kgcm2 and wood tarap 19.20- 24,18 kgcm2. As for Modulus of Elasticity (MoE) on the lua 1129,80- 2092,70 kgcm2, wood kambang 2512,37-3971,32 kgcm2 and tarap 2050,63-2691,09 kgcm2. Gypsum board are mechanical properties do not meet quality standards created SNI 03-6434-2000.Keywords: sawdust, lua, kambang, tarap, gypsum, mechanical

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document