scholarly journals «YOLO – you only live once»:

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-214
Author(s):  
Berit Johnsen ◽  
Vidar Skogvoll ◽  
Tom Normann
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThis article presents a study of Norwegian prisoners’ experiences with anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) and other drugs. An intervention »Ren trening« was conducted by Antidoping Norge2 in the fall of 2019. Fieldwork was carried out at two drug treatment units with a total of 25 prisoners, 11 of which were interviewed. A bottom-up approach to the analyses of the data resulted in rich narratives that give a unique insight into prisoner experiences with AAS. Further analyses showed extensive use of AAS in combination with other narcotics, especially amphetamine. According to a typology developed by Christiansen et al. (2017), the uncritical use of AAS, without any consideration for its potentially serious side effects, can be understood as »YOLO – You Only Live Once«. Ambivalence surrounding the use of AAS, even if respect for clean exercise without the use of AAS is high, can be linked to pleasant experiences with these drugs. The body remembers these experiences and prisoners recall them with nostalgic undertones. The seriousness of the problems associated with the use of AAS, including criminal activity, indicates the importance of addressing these issues in prison.

scholarly journals The Effect of Nandralone Decanoate on Athletes Fertility

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 254-259
Author(s):  
Isam Mohammed Jaber Zabiba ◽  
Amer J. Hadi ◽  
Aqeel khaleel Ibraheem
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nandrolone Decanoate ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Athletic Ability ◽  
Liquorice Extract ◽  
Medical Plant ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS)”, (Nandrolone Decanoate) the treatments most widely abused commonly for improving athletic ability, appearance or muscle mass, athletes, coaches, and physicians should be aware of their harmful side effects .liquorice extract consider important medical plant due to  rich in antioxidants, flavonoids, phenolic and alkaloids that Supports the general  health of the body. In this study we compare between two groups of young athletes from Al-Qassam city, each group contains from six athletes, the first group they taken Nandrolone Decanoate with dose 50 mg, I.M.  for three-time weakly and persistence in a period  at least two months, the second group the without any treatment are using as a control group. The result showing that athletes who taken Nandrolone at least two months there have low elevation in liver enzyme but there are no significant differences in GPT ,GOT, ALP, as well as decreased the levels of mean “serum FSH, LH, and testosterone.

scholarly journals The use of anabolic androgenic steroids: A focus on polypharmacy

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 413-417
Author(s):  
Bozana Nikolic ◽  
Dusica Rakic
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Synthetic Analogue ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Nonmedical Use ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

Introduction. Anabolic androgenic steroids, such as testosterone and its synthetic analogue, nandrolone, have clear clinical indications. However, their abuse is practiced to enhance physical performance in professional, recreational and non-professional athletes; outside of sports, their nonmedical use is associated with different social groups (criminal activities, substance abuse). Polypharmacy. Testosterone and its synthetic analogues are also used for nonmedical purposes, mainly administered in supraphysiological doses in cycles lasting a few weeks. In order to potentiate the anabolic properties and control the adverse effects, the users also administer other pharmacological agents. Thus, growth hormone and insulin are complement to anabolic steroids; clenbuterol, amphetamine and thyroid hormones stimulate body fat loss; diuretics reduce the body weight and improve muscle definition; and erythropoietin increases the training capacity and accelerates the recovery after hard competitions. To control adverse effects, cardiovascular drugs, central nervous system depressants, central nervous system stimulants, human chorionic gonadotropin, sexual enhancement drugs, estrogen antagonists, analgesics/opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and others, are administered. Probenecid, finasteride and diuretics mask the administration of other doping agents. Additionally, during the last two decades, attention has increasingly been focused on the relationship between the use of anabolic androgenic steroids and psychoactive substances (alcohol, cannabis, amphetamines, cocaine, hallucinogens). Conclusion. Supraphysiological doses and polypharmacy additionally increase the risk of adverse effects, including withdrawal syndrome; therefore, prevention of nonmedical use of anabolic androgenic steroids should be a public health priority.

Legal issues in marketing of anabolic-androgenic steroids

2015 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Adam Mazurek ◽  
◽  
Krzysztof Jop ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Medical Prescription ◽  
Drug Enforcement ◽  
Drug Enforcement Administration ◽  
Efficient Reduction ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Insight Into

This article provides an insight into the issue of illicit marketing of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) in Poland. This risk attached to this phenomenon is particularly reflected in forensic opinions elaborated by the National Medicines Institute for the Police, prosecutor’s offices, Border Guard and other agencies. The casework opinions concern AAS preparations not admitted to trading in Poland for various reasons, raw materials used in the production process, preparations admitted to trading, yet marketed in breach of the applicable provisions of law, and finally, falsified preparations. The article presents a range of the provisions of law, penalizing illicit marketing of AAS-containing products. The structure of criminal law provisions in Poland does not support the efficient reduction of AAS-containing products unlawfully introduced on the Polish market. As a rule, AAS-containing products are classified as medicinal products subject to medical prescription. The authors discuss the possibilities of applying alternative, more restrictive provisions of the Penal Code and other acts by the Police and prosecutors. For comparison purposes, a U.S. scheme of dealing with AAS marketing phenomenon was presented. The provisions of law in the U.S. are more restrictive as regards AAS, which are regarded as controlled substances equally with narcotics and dealt with by the Drug Enforcement Administration - a government agency responsible for combating drug-related crime.

Side Effects of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Abuse

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (08) ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bonetti ◽  
F. Tirelli ◽  
A. Catapano ◽  
D. Dazzi ◽  
A. Dei Cas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

scholarly journals Adverse Effects of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids: A Literature Review

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Davide Albano ◽  
Francesco Amico ◽  
Giuseppe Cocimano ◽  
Aldo Liberto ◽  
Francesca Maglietta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) are a large group of molecules including endogenously produced androgens, such as testosterone, as well as synthetically manufactured derivatives. AAS use is widespread due to their ability to improve muscle growth for aesthetic purposes and athletes’ performance, minimizing androgenic effects. AAS use is very popular and 1–3% of US inhabitants have been estimated to be AAS users. However, AASs have side effects, involving all organs, tissues and body functions, especially long-term toxicity involving the cardiovascular system and the reproductive system, thereby, their abuse is considered a public health issue. The aim of the proposed review is to highlight the most recent evidence regarding the mechanisms of action of AASs and their unwanted effects on organs and lifestyle, as well as suggesting that AAS misuse and abuse lead to adverse effects in all body tissues and organs. Oxidative stress, apoptosis, and protein synthesis alteration are common mechanisms involved in AAS-related damage in the whole body. The cardiovascular system and the reproductive system are the most frequently involved apparatuses. Epidemiology as well as the molecular and pathological mechanisms involved in the neuropsychiatric side-effects of AAS abuse are still unclear, further research is needed in this field. In addition, diagnostically reliable tests for AAS abuse should be standardized. In this regard, to prevent the use of AASs, public health measures in all settings are crucial. These measures consist of improved knowledge among healthcare workers, proper doping screening tests, educational interventions, and updated legislation.

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